Tag: statistics

Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2022 Aug 21. doi: 10.1002/anie.202209085. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Visible light-mediated direct decarboxylation of carboxylic acids with an acridine photocatalyst is a convenient and powerful method to generate carbon-centered radicals in polymer chains. Advantageously, this process proceeds under mild conditions, without preactivation of the acid groups. We utilize decarboxylation in the presence of a hydrogen atom donor to form statistical acrylate-ethylene and acrylate-propylene copolymers, which are challenging to obtain by direct polymerization. We additionally show that decarboxylation of methacrylic acid units within polymethacrylates can trigger degradation of the polymer backbones. Moreover, a dual catalytic approach, which combines the function of an acridine photocatalyst with that of a cobaloxime catalyst, is leveraged to furnish unique copolymers with pendent alkenes. Our work indicates that direct decarboxylation is a versatile technique for the synthesis of functional materials with tailored compositions and properties.

PMID:35989222 | DOI:10.1002/anie.202209085

Surgeon. 2022 Aug 18:S1479-666X(22)00102-0. doi: 10.1016/j.surge.2022.07.001. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to describe injuries related to electric scooter at a Major-Trauma-Centre in the UK, We reviewed data from January 2020-December 2020.

METHODS: All patient-records mentioning electric-scooter at a major-MTC. Records were reviewed, and data were stratified according to two groups: electric scooter riders and other road users. A predefined survey was completed in all cases where ‘e-scooter or electric scooter’ was present. This contained variables such as patient demographics, mechanism of injury (including head and body protection), acuity, intoxication, treatment facility and clinical utilisation. Among incidents involving electric scooters, summary statistics on continuous and categorical variables of interest were reported. Healthcare modelling utilising time driven activity-based costing and Patient-Level-Activity-Costing used to conduct a post hoc analysis of health provider costs.

RESULTS: 202 e-scooter injuries were identified. Riders were more likely to be young males aged 18-35, a minority of reported cases being associated with the influence of alcohol or drugs (7.4%). They fall independently involving no other party (87%); sustaining both minor and major injuries; with a significant proportion requiring urgent and emergent surgery 23.7% (n = 40) with 60.1% (n = 121) requiring further secondary care follow-up; whilst 16% require immediate admission with a mean LOS of 5.9 days, including 8-ITU admissions. The overall mortality rate was 0.5% (n = 1), and cost per patient was £1482.46/patient, reducing to £927.25/patient if immediate surgery (<12 h s) was not required.

CONCLUSION: Due to an emphasis on social distancing, changes in UK law, e-scooters injuries have increased. Most injuries are reported in riders, and are minor, however the mean health episode cost was over £1000.00/patient due to the minority of serious injuries. Research on interventions to prevent e-scooter injuries including protective clothing like helmet wearing is needed to address this growing area of concern, and unnecessary costly healthcare utilisation.

PMID:35989215 | DOI:10.1016/j.surge.2022.07.001

Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021 Nov 11:S0266-4356(21)00386-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2021.10.016. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:35989208 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjoms.2021.10.016

J Geriatr Oncol. 2022 Aug 18:S1879-4068(22)00198-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jgo.2022.08.007. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: We investigated the associations among frailty, as determined via the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), muscle measures (i.e., sarcopenia), and treatment-related toxicity in older adults with cancer in Israel.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective cohort study enrolled patients ≥65 years with newly-diagnosed stage IV lung, breast, or genitourinary cancer. Patients were enrolled and completed CGA before their first line of systemic therapy (chemotherapy, biologic therapy, immunologic therapy, or a combination thereof). CGA was used to classify patients as robust, pre-frail, or frail, and routine pre-treatment computed tomography (CT) images were used to quantify skeletal muscle index (SMI) and skeletal muscle density (SMD) at L3 cross-section. Two sarcopenia definitions were used: i. for women SMI <41 cm²/m² regardless of body mass index (BMI), and for men SMI <43 cm²/m² for those with BMI of <25 and < 53 cm²/m² for those with BMI ≥25; and ii. SMI <38 cm²/m² for women and < 41 cm²/m² for men, regardless of BMI. The associations between frailty and muscle measures with the occurrence of at least one adverse event (AE) grade ≥ 2 were examined using the chi-square test, and logistic regression to determine odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

RESULTS: In total, 51 patients were included in the analysis. The median (interquartile range) age was 72 (68-76) years, 30 (59%) were male, and 26 (51%) had lung cancer. CGA data were available for 48 patients: fifteen (31%), thirteen (27%), and twenty (42%) were defined as robust, pre-frail, and frail, respectively. Overall, 33 (65%) were sarcopenic by the first aforementioned definition, and sixteen (31%) by the second. No statistically significant associations were identified between frailty and having at least one AE grade ≥ 2, or between frailty and sarcopenia. Statistically significant associations were found between having sarcopenia (the second definition) and having at least one AE grade ≥ 2 (P = 0.0217). The corresponding odds ratio (95% CI) was 4.2 (1.2-15.0), P = 0.026.

DISCUSSION: Our findings suggests that sarcopenia is significantly associated with treatment-related toxicity. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.

PMID:35989184 | DOI:10.1016/j.jgo.2022.08.007

Foot Ankle Surg. 2022 Aug 10:S1268-7731(22)00161-8. doi: 10.1016/j.fas.2022.08.003. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Ankle range of motion abnormalities have been often linked with alteration in knee kinematics leading to the development of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Literature exploring the relationship between ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (DF ROM) and knee kinematics during functional tasks is scanty. This study aims to assess the relation between ankle DF ROM and frontal plane projection angle (FPPA), one of the knee kinematic variables, in individuals with and without PFPS during a step-down test.

METHODS: This is a case-control study in which seventy PFPS patients and other 70 asymptomatic control subjects had their ankle DF ROM measured using an inclinometer with the knee flexed and extended. Their FPPA angles were measured using Kinovea software while doing the step-down test.

RESULTS: When the two groups were compared, ankle DF ROM measured with the knee flexed was higher in the control group (33.15 ± 4.96) than in the PFPS group (30.20 ± 6.93) (p = 0.03). In both the PFPS group and the control group, the correlation between FPPA and ankle DF ROM with the knee flexed was statistically insignificant (p = 0.075 and 0.323 respectively).

CONCLUSION: Decreased ankle DF ROM can be one of the contributing factors to the development of PFPS in the context of greater dynamic knee valgus.

PMID:35989174 | DOI:10.1016/j.fas.2022.08.003

Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2022 Apr 30;68(4):178-187. doi: 10.14715/cmb/2022.68.4.21.

ABSTRACT

One of the most common causes of mortality and disability across the world is sepsis, a condition marked by an abnormal immunological reaction in the body. The prognosis of patients with sepsis is much improved when they are diagnosed early and provided with proper therapy. Soluble triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (STREM-1), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), neuronal serum enolase (NSE), and so on are possible biomarkers for the diagnosis of sepsis based on the pathophysiology. Blood purification treatment to control the cytokine storm induced by sepsis was regarded to be promising. Recently, the treatment of sepsis is likely to shift toward a multimodal approach. Hence in this paper, we investigated the effect of a continuous blood purification technique (hemofiltration without heparin followed by hemoadsorption) on STREM-1, NSE, and IL-10 levels in patients suffering from sepsis. A sample of hundred patients suffering from sepsis was randomly allocated to one of the two groups (study and control groups). The control group got standard sepsis care, whereas the research group got continuous blood purification treatment. To compare the differences between the two groups, we used t-statistical analysis. Blood STREM-1, IL-10, and NSE concentrations of the study group were significantly lesser than that of the control group after therapy. As a result, continuous blood purification can significantly minimize the dysregulated immune response in patients with sepsis, promote immune function and improve the survival rate.

PMID:35988289 | DOI:10.14715/cmb/2022.68.4.21

Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2022 Apr 30;68(4):36-45. doi: 10.14715/cmb/2022.68.4.5.

ABSTRACT

After perinatal asphyxia, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in term infants produces long-term neurologic sequelae or death. Obtaining a reliable, evidence-based prognosis is critical. Therapeutic hypothermia is a suggested treatment for newborn babies with moderate-to-severe HIE at or near term. However, this treatment is unsuccessful in a significant proportion of newborns. This sparked a worldwide hunt for neuroprotectants that may enhance the effects of mild hypothermia. We look at erythropoietin (EPO) as a possible possibility. This research aimed to see how EPO paired with moderate hypothermia affects oxidative stress and neuroprotection in newborns with HIE. Children with HIE diagnosed and treated at the hospital were first recruited as research participants and split into two groups using a random number system. The control group got mild hypothermia therapy as part of their standard treatment, whereas the EPO group received EPO therapy in addition to mild hypothermia therapy. Statistical analysis techniques such as the Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-squared test, and t-test were used to examine the effects. The data show that the efficacies of combination therapy of mild hypothermia and EPO for infant HIE seem to be promising right now.

PMID:35988285 | DOI:10.14715/cmb/2022.68.4.5

Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2022 Apr 30;68(4):188-193. doi: 10.14715/cmb/2022.68.4.22.

ABSTRACT

The Purpose of this study was to study and analyze the clinical differences between cough variant asthma (CVA) cells and humoral immunology indicators. For this aim, 73 sick children with CVA were enrolled in this study and were admitted to the Pediatric Inpatient Department of Weifang Maternal and Child Health Hospital for treatment from April 2019 to May 2021. They were divided into the attack stage group (n=45) and the remission stage group (n=28). Meanwhile, 30 children with normal physical examination results were selected as normal controls. Differences in serum levels of TNF-, hs-CRP, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-13 were compared among the three groups, as well as the differences in humoral immunology indicators such as T lymphocyte subsets CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/ CD8+ and IgA, IgG, IgG, IgM, IgE, IgE and IgG subtypes. Results showed that serum levels of TNF-α and hs-CRP were significantly higher in the attack stage group than those in the remission stage group and normal control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The serum levels of TNF-α and hs-CRP were higher in the remission stage group than those in the normal control group, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Serum levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-13 were significantly higher in the attack stage group than those in the remission stage group and normal control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ were significantly higher in the attack stage group than those in the remission stage group and normal control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The difference in serum levels of IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 was not statistically significant (P>0.05) among the three groups. While the level of IgG4 subsets in the attack stage group was significantly higher than that in the remission stage group and normal control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Then the cytokines, cells and humoral immunology indicators of CVA patients are not in their normal range. They are involved in the pathogenesis of CVA. The combined detection is of great clinical significance in the diagnosis of early CVA to avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.

PMID:35988279 | DOI:10.14715/cmb/2022.68.4.22

Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2022 Apr 30;68(4):113-121. doi: 10.14715/cmb/2022.68.4.14.

ABSTRACT

Sperm ‎cryopreservation is a cost-effective means of preserving gene resources and ‎transporting sperm across distant locations. However, due to the ‎general disadvantages of using freeze-thawed sperm, to prevent this irreversible damage, cryopreservation techniques must be ‎improved by the addition of additional cryoprotection agents. ‎This study aims to improve the freezability of buck semen using an ‎‎intratesticular injection of Autologous ‎Platelet-Rich Plasma (‎PRP) and ‎confirm this theory by Casa laboratory analysis and gene ‎expression detection of three genes (CATSPER1‎, SPAG5 and Hsp70). Twenty ‎rabbits a New ‎Zealand ‎healthy male were randomly ‎‎divided into two equal groups; ‎the control and PRP group ‎which enriched with PRP, ‎the semen ‎collection was ‎applied after 10 weeks, then each sample ‎was ‎divided into two ‎‎fractions; ‎First ‎‎fractions ‎‎ we apply the ‎ laboratory semen analysis ‎directly, and the second ‎‎fractions ‎‎were ‎ cryopreservation, then thawed after one ‎month to apply ‎‎the same ‎ laboratory analysis. The ‎results of CASA, DNA fragmentation, and‎ real ‎time-PCR analysis ‎had ‎ ‎‎statistically significant ‎differences (P<0.01) when compartment ‎of these values ‎after and ‎‎before freezing, yet we don’t ‎record any statistical ‎differences between the C group ‎and CR ‎group.‎ This study’s findings are extremely significant, indicating that intratesticular injection of PRP ‎ is a good method for using in enhancing the rabbit sperm procedure after ‎freeze-thawing.

PMID:35988278 | DOI:10.14715/cmb/2022.68.4.14

Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2022 Apr 30;68(4):170-177. doi: 10.14715/cmb/2022.68.4.20.

ABSTRACT

Finger scar flexion contractures are a leading cause of hand disability and a serious complication of hand burns. There are numerous reconstructive procedures available nowadays. Nevertheless, a large number of them produce disappointing results. The goal is to assess the Trapeze flap’s ability to repair post-burn finger flexion contractures. Also, the stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) gene expression was examined for further evaluation. From April 2014 to February 2020, a prospective investigation was undertaken at Rizgary teaching and CMC private hospitals in Erbil (in Iraq) to consider the effect of Trapeze flaps on the correction of postburn flexion contracture of fingers and first web space in 67 patients (112 fingers). The viability of flaps, complications, skin graft take, and also surgeon/patient satisfaction were all recorded. Follow-up outcomes were collected from 6 months to a year after the operation. Further, the qPCR technique was used to evaluate the expression of the SDF1 gene in two groups of patients. The first group included those 67 patients treated with the trapeze flap method. The other group consisted of 50 patients with post-burn hands who were not treated by this method. Our survey found that approximately 97 percent of patients were satisfied (65 out of 67). A rare consequence included partial flap loss (one patient, 1.5 percent), and infection was detected in one case (1.5 percent ). Both wounds healed with conservative treatment. The postoperative scars were practically imperceptible, without hypertrophic scars or keloid construction, and the surface texture of the flaps was similar to the texture of healthy fingers. The contractures did not occur again. Also, the expression of the SDF1 gene showed that the trapeze flap method caused a statistically increased expression. This gene stimulates collagen production during the repair of injuries. Generally, the trapeze flap is a dependable and successful local flap in recreating hand post-burn contracture, resulting in extreme patient satisfaction and achievement.

PMID:35988270 | DOI:10.14715/cmb/2022.68.4.20