Tag: statistics

HNO. 2022 Oct 14. doi: 10.1007/s00106-022-01228-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Despite the variety of existing methods for olfactory rehabilitation after total laryngectomy, olfactory disability remains one of the main factors limiting quality of life for laryngectomees.

OBJECTIVE: Considering the need for a socially acceptable rehabilitation method that is suitable for everyday use, this study sought to elucidate whether retronasal olfaction during phonation through a tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis is possible.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The odor identification of 22 laryngectomees was assessed using the Sniffin’ Sticks test battery (12 odors), while performing an established method of olfactory rehabilitation-“polite yawning”-or while transnasal expiration or phonation through the tracheoesophageal fistula (TF). To facilitate the latter, a novel Expiratory Nasal Airflow M‑Maneuver (ENAMM) was developed.

RESULTS: All 21 non-anosmic laryngectomees included in the study were able to identify odors retronasally. While only 6 of 22 patients (27.3%) could perform the nasal expiration through the TF, all patients could easily perform phonation using ENAMM after proper instruction. The odor identification scores with the ENAMM technique did not statistically differ from ones with “polite yawning” (5.4 ± 3.1 vs. 6.4 ± 3.2, p = 0.279). The ENAMM was easy to learn and showed a tendency of increasing olfactory scores over time, possibly due to a learning effect.

CONCLUSIONS: Study results show that retronasal olfaction using a voice prosthesis after total laryngectomy is possible and suggest the potential of ENAMM as a method of olfactory rehabilitation for laryngectomy patients.

PMID:36239758 | DOI:10.1007/s00106-022-01228-z

Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2022 Oct 14. doi: 10.1007/s40368-022-00761-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Estimate the incidence of teething symptoms and investigate risk factors at three centers in different regions of Brazil.

METHODS: A prospective cohort study enrolled children at birth in the cities of Manaus (northern region), Porto Alegre (southern region) and Salvador (northeast region). Sociodemographic and anthropometric variables were collected at baseline and 6 months. At 12 months, data were collected on the child’s health through structured interviews and dental examinations, including the primary outcome: occurrence of signs and symptoms of tooth eruption reported by parents. Statistical analysis involved Poisson regression with robust variance, with calculation of relative risks (RR).

RESULTS: The incidence of teething symptoms was 82.4% (238/289). The multivariate analysis revealed a higher occurrence of the outcome in the city of Salvador (RR = 1.39; 95% CI 1.23-1.58), when mother’s education was more than 11 years (RR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.04-1.65), when a larger number of individuals resided in the home (RR = 1.15; 95% CI 1.02-1.29), when a smoker resided in the home (RR = 1.16; 95% CI 1.03-1.31) and when the child presented flu or cold in the first year of life (RR = 1.23; 95% CI 1.09-1.38). The most reported symptoms were fever (50.5%), irritability (42.6%), itching (40.8%) and diarrhea (35.3%). Most parents (82%) took some action to alleviate symptoms, including unprescribed systemic medication, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheic agents.

CONCLUSION: Reports of teething symptoms were associated with the city investigated, socioeconomic factors of the families and characteristics of the child’s health. A high rate of administering unprescribed medication was also found.

PMID:36239737 | DOI:10.1007/s40368-022-00761-3

Curr Med Imaging. 2022 Oct 14. doi: 10.2174/1573405619666221014113907. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The techniques differed in many of the literature on the detection of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia from the blood smear pictures, as the cases of infection in the world and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were increasing and the causes of this disease were not known, especially for children, which is a serious and fatal disease.

OBJECTIVE: Through this work we seek to contribute to discover the blood cells affected by Acute Lymphocytic Leukem and to find an effective and fast method and to have the correct diagnosis as the time factor is important in the diagnosis and the initiation of treatment. which is based on one of the deep learning techniques that specialize in very deep networks, the use of one of the CNNs is VGG16.

METHODS: Detection scheme is implemented by pre-processing, feature extraction, model building, fine tuning method, classification are executed. By using VGG16 pre-trained, and using SVM and MLP classification algorithms in Machine Learning.

RESULTS: Our results are evaluated based on criteria such as Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-Score. The accuracy results for SVM classifier MLP of 77% accuracy at 0.001 learning rate and the accuracy for SVM classifier 75% at 0.005 learning rate. Whereas, the best accuracy result for VGG16 model was 92.27% at 0.003 learning rate. The best validation accuracy result was 85.62% at 0.001 learning rate.

PMID:36239727 | DOI:10.2174/1573405619666221014113907

Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2022 Oct 14. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.14510. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence, indications, and maternal outcomes of emergency peripartum hysterectomy at a tertiary setting in Ethiopia MATERIAL AND METHODS: A four-years retrospective review of emergency peripartum hysterectomy cases was conducted at St.Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College(Ethiopia), from January 2016 to December 2019. Data were collected by reviewing maternal charts of EPH cases using a structured data extraction format. StataCorp. 2015. Stata Statistical Software: release 14. College station, TX” StataCorp. LP. was used for data analysis. Frequency and percentages are used to present the significance of results.

RESULTS: Among 39,629 deliveries during the study period, there were 105 emergency peripartum hysterectomies, making the incidence rate 2.6 per 1000 deliveries. The common indications for emergency peripartum hysterectomy were uterine rupture- 63/105 (60%), intractable uterine atony -23/105(21.9%) and placenta accrete spectrum -14/105(14.7%). The most common complications were anemia 85/105(80.9%), puerperal fever 13/105 (12.4%), acute kidney injury 10/105(9.5%), and relaparotomy 7/105 (6.7%) CONCLUSION: The incidence of peripartum hysterectomy observed in our institution is high. Appropriate patient selection for vaginal delivery and strict labor follow-up with early intervention for labor abnormalities should be the guiding principles of optimal obstetric care to alleviate the burden of uterine rupture.

PMID:36239219 | DOI:10.1002/ijgo.14510

Eur Heart J. 2022 Aug 4:ehac364. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac364. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: This study aimed to examine the association of premature menopause and age at menopause with the risk of heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF).

METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 1 401 175 postmenopausal women, who had undergone health examination provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service, were included, and their reproductive histories were collected. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were performed to determine the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident HF and AF, according to the history of premature menopause and age at menopause. At a mean follow-up of 9.1 years, there were 42 699 (3.0%) and 44 834 (3.2%) new cases of HF and AF, respectively. Women with history of premature menopause had an increased risk of HF (HR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.26-1.40) and AF (HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02-1.16), compared to women without the history. Compared with women aged ≥50 years at menopause, those aged 45-49, 40-44, and <40 years at menopause showed a significantly increased trend in HRs for the incident risk of both HF and AF (P for trend <0.001). The robustness of the results of a series of sensitivity analyses further strengthens the main findings.

CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that postmenopausal women with a history of premature menopause or early menopausal age may have an increased risk of HF and AF. These reproductive factors need to be considered for preventing the future risk of HF and AF.

PMID:36239217 | DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac364

Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2022 Oct 14:zwac234. doi: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac234. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To explore sex-specific time trends in atrial fibrillation (AF) incidence and to estimate the impact of changes in risk factor levels using individual participant-level data from the population-based Tromsø Study 1994-2016.

METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 14 818 women and 13 225 men aged 25 years or older without AF were enrolled in the Tromsø Study between 1994 and 2008 and followed up for incident AF throughout 2016. Poisson regression was used for statistical analyses. During follow-up, age-adjusted AF incidence rates in women decreased from 1.19 to 0.71 per 1000 person-years. In men, AF incidence increased from 1.18 to 2.82 per 1000 person-years in 2004, and then declined to 1.94 per 1000 person-years in 2016. Changes in systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption together accounted for 10.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.4; 28.6) of the AF incidence decline in women and for 44.7% (95% CI: 19.2; 100.0) of the AF incidence increase in men. Reduction in SBP and DBP had the largest contribution to the decrease in AF incidence in women. Increase in BMI had the largest contribution to the increase in AF incidence in men.

CONCLUSION: In the population-based Tromsø Study 1994-2016, AF incidence decreased in women and increased following a reverse U-shape in men. Individual changes in SBP and DBP in women and individual changes in BMI in men were the most important risk factors contributing to the AF incidence trends.

PMID:36239184 | DOI:10.1093/eurjpc/zwac234

Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2022 Oct 14. doi: 10.1111/cid.13145. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The sandwich osteotomy technique usually requires high surgical skills and prolonged intraoperative time and had some technical drawbacks with a subsequent deficient amount of vertical bone gain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the final vertical bone gain using sandwich osteotomy with simultaneous versus delayed implant placement in the anterior maxilla.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included 16 patients having multiple missing maxillary anterior teeth with a vertically deficient alveolar ridge. Patients were randomly assigned into two equal groups. Both groups were treated using sandwich osteotomy with interpositional particulate bovine bone graft. In the study group (8 patients, 17 implants), the transport mobilized bone segment was fixed in position using simultaneous implant placement. Whereas in the control group (8 patients, 18 implants), micro-plates and screws were used, followed by a second-stage surgery for plates removal and delayed implant placement. Radiographic assessment included 4 months postoperative mean of vertical gain in alveolar ridge height, taken from cross-sectional cuts of cone beam CT.

RESULTS: The mean vertical bone gain in the study group was 4.04 ± 0.59 mm compared to 3.86 ± 0.52 mm in the control group with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.518). The mean value of bone gain percentage in the study group was 33.02% compared to 31.75% in the control group, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.656).

CONCLUSION: The sandwich osteotomy technique with simultaneous implant placement is a reliable method for vertical ridge augmentation that eliminates the need for a secondary surgery.

PMID:36239176 | DOI:10.1111/cid.13145

Euro Surveill. 2022 Oct;27(41). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.41.2101058.

ABSTRACT

BackgroundIn 2019, the World Health Organization published the 21st Model list of Essential Medicines and updated the Access, Watch Reserve (AWaRe) antibiotics classification to improve metrics and indicators for antibiotic stewardship activities. Reserve antibiotics are regarded as last-resort treatment options.AimWe investigated hospital-sector consumption quantities and trends of Reserve group antibiotics in European Union/European Economic Area countries and the United Kingdom (EU/EEA/UK).MethodsHospital-sector antimicrobial consumption data for 2010-2018 were obtained from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Antibacterials’ consumption for systemic use (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification (ATC) group J01) were included in the analysis and expressed as defined daily doses (DDD) per 1,000 inhabitants per day. We defined reserve antibiotics as per AWaRe classification and applied linear regression to analyse trends in consumption of reserve antibiotics throughout the study period.ResultsEU/EEA/UK average hospital-sector reserve-antibiotic consumption increased from 0.017 to 0.050 DDD per 1,000 inhabitants per day over the study period (p = 0.002). This significant increase concerned 15 countries. In 2018, four antibiotics (tigecycline, colistin, linezolid and daptomycin) constituted 91% of the consumption. Both absolute and relative (% of total hospital sector) consumption of reserve antibiotics varied considerably (up to 42-fold) between countries (from 0.004 to 0.155 DDD per 1,000 inhabitants per day and from 0.2% to 9.3%, respectively).ConclusionAn increasing trend in reserve antibiotic consumption was found in Europe. The substantial variation between countries may reflect the burden of infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria. Our results could guide national actions or optimisation of reserve antibiotic use.

PMID:36239173 | DOI:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.41.2101058

Euro Surveill. 2022 Oct;27(41). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.41.2200316.

ABSTRACT

Several individuals reported gastrointestinal symptoms following meals consumed in late January 2021 at a restaurant in western Finland. We conducted a retrospective cohort study and defined a case as a person who ate at the lunch restaurant between 27 and 29 January 2021 and had stomach pain, vomiting or diarrhoea and/or a laboratory-confirmed Salmonella Typhimurium infection within 2 weeks after the exposure. We collected faecal and food samples for microbiological analysis. Salmonella isolates were characterised in detail using whole genome sequencing (WGS) and cluster analysis by core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). Altogether, 393 meals were sold and 101 people (who ate 142 meals) participated in the cohort study. There were 49 cases; 23 were laboratory-confirmed infections with a multidrug-resistant S. Typhimurium. The S. Typhimurium isolates from cases and frozen tomato cubes used uncooked in salads were closely related and clustered together in cgMLST comparison. These salads were consumed by 76% of the cases. Based on the cgMLST clustering, they were the suggested source of the outbreak. Statistical association was not significant between eating the salads and being a case. Following the outbreak investigation, the producer decided to recommend cooking of their frozen tomato products before consumption.

PMID:36239170 | DOI:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.41.2200316

Pediatr Int. 2022 Jun 11;64(1):e15270. doi: 10.1111/ped.15270. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: We aimed to compare the frequency of acute kidney injury (AKI) and its effects on mortality and morbidity with different classification systems in pediatric patients who had surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass for congenital heart disease.

METHODS: This study included children younger than 18 years old who were followed up in the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit between September 1 and December 1, 2020, after congenital heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Each case was categorized postoperatively in terms of AKI using Pediatric-Modified Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-Stage (pRIFLE), Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN), and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Hospital mortality (developed within the first 30 days postoperatively) and morbidity (longer than 7 days intensive care unit stay) were compared by three model classes. Results were evaluated statistically.

RESULTS: One hundred patients were included in the study. The median age was 3 months (1 day-180 months). Acute kidney injury was diagnosed in 49% of the cases according to the pRIFLE classification. It was diagnosed in 31% of the patients by AKIN classification. It was diagnosed in 41% of the patients with the KDIGO criteria. Morbidity was observed in 25% (n = 25) of all cases. The morbidity predictor was 0.800 for pRIFLE, 0.747 for AKIN and 0.853 for KDIGO by receiver operating characteristics analysis. All three categories predicted morbidity significantly (P < 0.001). Mortality was 10% (n = 10) for all groups. The mortality predictor was 0.783 for pRIFLE, 0.717 for AKIN and 0.794 for KDIGO by receiver operating characteristics analysis, and all three categories predicted mortality significantly (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the three methods used, AKI was commonly detected in pediatric patients undergoing congenital heart surgery. pRIFLE classification diagnosed more patients with AKI than AKIN and KDIGO. The KDIGO and pRIFLE classifications were better in predicting hospital mortality.

PMID:36239168 | DOI:10.1111/ped.15270