Tag: statistics

Br J Haematol. 2022 Mar 17. doi: 10.1111/bjh.18137. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The glycoprotein CD47 regulates antiphagocytic activity via signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPa). This study investigated CD47 expression on Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells in the classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) tumour microenvironment and its correlation with prognosis, programmed-death (PD) immune markers, and SIRPa⁺ leukocytes. We conducted immunohistochemistry with CD47 and SIRPa antibodies on diagnostic biopsies (tissue microarrays) from cHL patients from two cohorts (n = 178). In cohort I (n = 136) patients with high expression of CD47 on HRS cells (n = 48) had a significantly inferior event-free survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 5.57; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.78-11.20; p < 0.001] and overall survival (OS) (HR = 8.54; 95% CI, 3.19-22.90; p < 0.001) compared with patients with low expression (n = 88). The survival results remained statistically significant in multivariable Cox regression adjusted for known prognostic factors. In cohort II (n = 42) high HRS cell CD47 expression also carried shorter event-free survival (EFS) (HR = 5.96; 95% CI, 1.20-29.59; p = 0.029) and OS (HR = 5.61; 95% CI, 0.58-54.15; p = 0.136), although it did not retain statistical significance in the multivariable analysis. Further, high CD47 expression did not correlate with SIRPa⁺ leukocytes or PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression. This study provides a deeper understanding of the role of CD47 in cHL during an era of emerging CD47 therapies.

PMID:35301709 | DOI:10.1111/bjh.18137

Epilepsia. 2022 Mar 17. doi: 10.1111/epi.17227. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: One of the clinical hallmarks of tuberous sclerosis complex is radiologically-identified cortical tubers present in most patients. Intractable epilepsy may require surgery, often involving invasive diagnostic procedures such as intracranial EEG. Identifying the location of the dominant tuber responsible for generating epileptic activities, is a critical issue. However, the link between cortical tubers and epileptogenesis is poorly understood. Given this, we hypothesized that tuber voxel intensity may be an indicator of the dominant epileptogenic tuber. Also, via tuber segmentation based on deep learning, we explore whether an automatic quantification of the tuber burden is feasible.

METHODS: We annotated tubers from structural MRIs across 29 TSC subjects, summarized tuber statistics in eight brain lobes, and determined suspected epileptogenic lobes from the same group using EEG monitoring data. Then logistic regression analyses are performed to demonstrate the linkage between the statistics of cortical tuber and the epileptogenic zones. Furthermore, we test the ability of a neural network to identify and quantify tuber burden.

RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses show that the volume and count of tubers per lobe, not the mean or variance of tuber voxel intensity, are positively correlated with electrophysiological data. In 47.6% of subjects, the lobe with the largest tuber volume concurred with the epileptic brain activity. A neural network model on the test dataset shows a sensitivity of 0.83 for localizing individual tubers. The predicted masks from the model highly correlated with the neurologist labels, thus may be a useful tool for determining tuber burden and searching for epileptogenic zone.

SIGNIFICANCE: we prove the feasibility of an automatic segmentation of tubers and a derivation of tuber burden across brain lobes. Our method may provide crucial insights in the treatment and outcome of TSC patients.

PMID:35301716 | DOI:10.1111/epi.17227

Aging Clin Exp Res. 2022 Mar 17. doi: 10.1007/s40520-022-02105-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have identified plenty of risk factors for activities of daily living (ADL). However, there are no reliable and widely available prediction models for ADL disability up to now. This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting the 12-year risk of ADL disability in older adults.

METHODS: Data from 4,809 participants in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and 18,620 participants in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were used as training set and validation set, respectively. We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Cox regression to screen the predictors and develop the nomogram. The P value, concordance index (C-index), integrated area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve (AUC) and calibration curves were used to validate the nomogram.

RESULTS: During 12 years, 30.0% (n = 1,441) participants developed ADL disability in the training set, while the corresponding percentages were 18.5% in the validation set (n = 3,445). After screening, 13 variables were contained in the final prediction model. In ADL nomogram, the C-index and AUC were 0.744 ± 0.013 and 0.793 in internal valid ation, respectively, while in external validation, the C-index and AUC were 0.755 ± 0.009 and 0.796.

CONCLUSIONS: This study developed and validated a nomogram that predicts functional disability. The application of the predictive model could have important implications for patient prognosis and health care.

PMID:35301701 | DOI:10.1007/s40520-022-02105-z

Curr Med Sci. 2022 Mar 17. doi: 10.1007/s11596-022-2484-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical value of ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in transrectal prostate biopsy.

METHODS: A total of 54 patients (average age: 67.79±12.01 years) in the experimental group underwent transrectal prostate biopsy under the guidance of SWE, while 46 patients (average age: 69.22±11.54 years) in the control group underwent transrectal prostate biopsy guided by CEUS.

RESULTS: There were a total of 451 needles, with an average of 8.35±1.67 needles per patient in the experimental group, and a total of 462 needles, with an average of 10.04±1.33 needles per patient in the control group. The difference in puncture times between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the positive detection rate, sensitivity or specificity between the two groups (P>0.05), but there was a significant difference in the diagnostic accuracy between the two groups (P<0.05). The E_mean and E_max of prostate cancer were significantly higher in the experimental group than in benign prostatic hyperplasia (P<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of E_mean was 0.752 (S.E. =0.072, 95% CI=0.611-0.894, P=0.007), and the best cutoff value was 47.005 kPa.

CONCLUSION: In summary, both SWE- and CEUS-guided transrectal prostate biopsy can help find the focus and guide the puncture, and improve the positive detection rate.

PMID:35301673 | DOI:10.1007/s11596-022-2484-1

Mol Biol Rep. 2022 Mar 17. doi: 10.1007/s11033-022-07235-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: We aimed to investigate the effects of rasagiline on acute lung injury that develops in the sepsis model induced with the cecal ligation and puncture in rats.

MAIN METHODS: The rats were separated into the following six groups, Group 1: Sham, Group 2: Sham + Rasagiline 4 mg/kg, Group 3: Sepsis, Group 4: Sepsis + Rasagiline 1 mg/kg, Group 5: Sepsis + Rasagiline 2 mg/kg, Group 6: Sepsis + Rasagiline 4 mg/kg. A total of four holes were opened with a 16-gauge needle through the cecum distal to the point of ligation.

KEY FINDINGS: Rasagiline treatment increased glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity while decreased the malondialdehyde level after the sepsis. There was a statistically significant improvement in the doses of 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg. Rasagiline also increased Tnf-α, IL1β, IL6, NF-κβand HMGB1 gene expressions in dose-dependent at 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg doses. In increased doses, rasagiline prevent the development of edema, the formation of inflammation, and hemorrhage.

SIGNIFICANCE: Rasagiline exerts both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on the cecal ligation and puncture induced acute lung injury in rats.

PMID:35301652 | DOI:10.1007/s11033-022-07235-1

Lifetime Data Anal. 2022 Mar 17. doi: 10.1007/s10985-022-09551-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In the study of life tables the random variable of interest is usually assumed discrete since mortality rates are studied for integer ages. In dynamic life tables a time domain is included to account for the evolution effect of the hazard rates in time. In this article we follow a survival analysis approach and use a nonparametric description of the hazard rates. We construct a discrete time stochastic processes that reflects dependence across age as well as in time. This process is used as a bayesian nonparametric prior distribution for the hazard rates for the study of evolutionary life tables. Prior properties of the process are studied and posterior distributions are derived. We present a simulation study, with the inclusion of right censored observations, as well as a real data analysis to show the performance of our model.

PMID:35301665 | DOI:10.1007/s10985-022-09551-x

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Mar 18. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19512-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

As common meteorological factors in daily life, there is limited evidence for the effect of ambient temperature and humidity during pregnancy on the risk of term low birth weight. Furthermore, little is known about the interaction of ambient temperature and humidity on TLBW. The objective of the study was to explore the effect of ambient temperature, humidity during pregnancy, and their interaction on the risk of TLBW and, moreover, to identify exposure critical window. We recruited 6640 infants and their mothers to build a birth cohort study in Jinan City, China, from January 2018 to December 2019. The associations between temperature and humidity during pregnancy and TLBW were estimated by generalized additive model, logistic regression model, and interaction analysis, and the critical window was identified by the distributed lag non-linear model. The incidence of TLBW was 1.36% for the infants in the birth cohort. TLBW was related to the low level of temperature and humidity in the whole pregnancy, compared with the moderate level and the adjusted ORs were 4.44 (1.65-11.42) and 6.23 (1.92-21.39), respectively. The indicators of the interaction analysis of temperature and humidity were not statistically significant. For the low level of humidity, the association with TLBW was statistically significant at first to sixth gestational weeks, and the maximum OR in male infants (3.95, 1.70-9.16) was higher than that in females (1.96, 1.06-3.63). For the low level of temperature, we failed to find significant association with TLBW at each gestational week. The low level of temperature and humidity during pregnancy could increase the risk of TLBW. There was no statistical interaction between temperature and humidity on TLBW. Moreover, the early stage of pregnancy was the critical window for humidity exposure, in which the boys had a greater effect.

PMID:35301630 | DOI:10.1007/s11356-022-19512-4

Cogn Res Princ Implic. 2022 Mar 18;7(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s41235-022-00363-z.

ABSTRACT

Stable individual differences in cognitive motivation (i.e., the tendency to engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive activities) have been documented with self-report measures, yet convergent support for a trait-level construct is still lacking. In the present study, we used an innovative decision-making paradigm (COG-ED) to quantify the costs of cognitive effort, a metric of cognitive motivation, across two distinct cognitive domains: working memory (an N-back task) and speech comprehension (understanding spoken sentences in background noise). We hypothesized that cognitive motivation operates similarly within individuals, regardless of domain. Specifically, in 104 adults aged 18-40 years, we tested whether individual differences in effort costs are stable across domains, even after controlling for other potential sources of shared individual variation. Conversely, we evaluated whether the costs of cognitive effort across domains may be better explained in terms of other relevant cognitive and personality-related constructs, such as working memory capacity or reward sensitivity. We confirmed a reliable association among effort costs in both domains, even when these other sources of individual variation, as well as task load, are statistically controlled. Taken together, these results add support for trait-level variation in cognitive motivation impacting effort-based decision making across multiple domains.

PMID:35301624 | DOI:10.1186/s41235-022-00363-z

Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022 Mar 17. doi: 10.1007/s10006-022-01055-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this systematic review was to define the effectiveness of palatally positioned dental implants placed in atrophic maxillae. Searches were performed in five databases including the gray literature, up to August 2021, by 2 independent reviewers, in order to answer the following research question: Is the palatal approach technique effective in the rehabilitation of atrophic maxillae? In the initial search, 1948 articles were found and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, five studies were selected, none of which was a randomized clinical trial. A total of 681 implants were placed, 549 of them with a palatal approach and 132 at the alveolar crest, with an effectiveness of 98.38% and 99.5%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the groups. In assessing the risk of bias, only one of the studies had a low risk of bias. Implants installed with the palatal approach technique showed high effectiveness for rehabilitation of atrophic maxilla; however, few studies in the literature report this technique, requiring more controlled studies, and with less risk of bias, to confirm the results obtained in this systematic review.

PMID:35301604 | DOI:10.1007/s10006-022-01055-0

Clin Oral Investig. 2022 Mar 17. doi: 10.1007/s00784-022-04446-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the type and amount of monomer released over time after bleaching was applied to dental restorative materials containing dimethacrylate resin.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen different restorative materials containing dimethacrylate resin were used in this study. Twenty samples were prepared from each material and the samples were randomly divided into 4 subgroups, namely, office bleaching, home bleaching, and separate control group for each of the bleaching methods. After bleaching, the samples were stored in 75% ethanol solution for 1, 14, and 28 days. Analysis of the samples collected to determine the type and amount of residual monomer released from the materials was performed using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass/mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). Data were analyzed using Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Statistical significance level was taken as p < 0.05.

RESULTS: In terms of bleaching groups, mostly no significant difference was found between the groups in each time period in restorative materials (p > 0.05). In terms of time periods, it was determined that the amount of release of all monomers was decreased over time. In terms of restorative materials, the highest monomer release was detected in composite resin groups and the least monomer release was detected in CAD/CAM blocks.

CONCLUSION: Although monomers were released from all materials, bleaching did not affect the amount of released monomer. Amounts of released monomers were generally below toxic limits.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Within the limits of this study, bleaching does not significantly affect monomer release in restorative materials containing dimethacrylate resin.

PMID:35301596 | DOI:10.1007/s00784-022-04446-5