Tag: statistics

Heart Surg Forum. 2022 Sep 28;25(5):E709-E714. doi: 10.1532/hsf.4825.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-frequency oscillation ventilation combined with volume guarantee (HFOV-VG) in preterm infants with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) after patent ductus arteriosus ligation.

METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 41 preterm infants, who were ventilated for AHRF after patent ductus arteriosus ligation between January 2020 and January 2022. HFOV alone was used in 20 of the 41 infants, whereas HFOV-VG was used in the other 21 infants.

RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the demographic information and baseline characteristics of preterm infants included in the study. The average frequency tidal volume (VThf) of the HFOV-VG group was lower than that of the HFOV group (2.6 ± 0.6 mL versus 1.9 ± 0.3 mL, P < .001). In addition, the incidence of hypocapnia and hypercapnia in infants supported with HFOV-VG was significantly lower (15 versus 8, P < .001; 12 versus 5, P < .001). Furthermore, the duration of invasive ventilation in the HFOV-VG group also was lower than in the HFOV group (3.7 ± 1.2 days versus 2.1 ± 1.0 days, P < .01).

CONCLUSION: Compared with HFOV alone, HFOV-VG decreases VThf levels and reduces the incidence of hypercapnia and hypocapnia in preterm infants with acute hypoxic respiratory failure after patent ductus arteriosus ligation.

PMID:36317914 | DOI:10.1532/hsf.4825

Turk J Pharm Sci. 2022 Oct 31;19(5):543-551. doi: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.96603.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Drug information systems are commonly used by professionals to assist in the identification of drug interactions and to ensure the safe use of medications. Real-world evidence about the comparison of different drug interaction sources is scarce. We aimed to compare two drug interaction databases to identify interactions in a population-based survey.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study based on a previous survey performed in the city of Manaus, Brazil, in 2019. We included adults aged 18 years and over, who used two or more medicines 15 days before the interview. To assess potential drug interactions, we searched Micromedex and UpToDate databases. The primary outcome was the prevalence of potential drug interactions in each database. Weighted Kappa statistics were calculated to assess agreement on the presence of drug interaction, documentation and severity.

RESULTS: A total of 752 participants were included in the study. The prevalence of drug interactions was 43.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 40.2, 47.3%] in UpToDate and 30.2% (95% CI: 26.9, 33.5%), in Micromedex. The agreement related to drug interactions between the two databases was fair (Kappa: 0.631). For severity (Kappa: 0.398) and documentation (Kappa: 0.311), the agreement was poor.

CONCLUSION: Agreement among compared databases was sub-optimal. Better quality and transparency of evidence available in drug interaction sources are needed to support informed healthcare professionals’ decision.

PMID:36317874 | DOI:10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.96603

Gut Liver. 2022 Nov 1. doi: 10.5009/gnl220025. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Endoscopic submucosal dissection is a widely used treatment for gastric epithelial neoplasms. Accurate delineation of the horizontal margins is necessary for the complete resection of gastric epithelial neoplasms. Recently, image-enhanced endoscopy has been used to evaluate horizontal margins of gastric epithelial neoplasms. The aim of this study was to investigate whether I-SCAN-optical enhancement (I-SCAN-OE) is superior to chromoendoscopy in evaluating the horizontal margin of gastric epithelial neoplasms.

METHODS: This was a multicenter, prospective, and randomized trial. The participants were divided into two groups: I-SCAN-OE and chromoendoscopy. For both groups, we first evaluated the horizontal margins of early gastric cancer or high-grade dysplasia using white-light imaging, and then evaluated, the horizontal margins using I-SCAN-OE or chromoendoscopy. We devised a unique scoring method based on the pathological results obtained after endoscopic submucosal dissection to accurately evaluate the horizontal margins of gastric epithelial neoplasms. The delineation scores of both groups were compared, as were the ratios of positive/negative horizontal margins.

RESULTS: In total, 124 patients were evaluated for gastric epithelial neoplasms, of whom 112 were enrolled in the study. A total of 112 patients participated in the study, and 56 were assigned to each group (1:1). There was no statistically significant difference in the delineation scores between the groups (chromoendoscopy, 7.80±1.94; I-SCAN-OE, 8.23±2.24; p=0.342).

CONCLUSIONS: I-SCAN-OE did not show superiority over chromoendoscopy in delineating horizontal margins of gastric epithelial neoplasms.

PMID:36317515 | DOI:10.5009/gnl220025

Gut Liver. 2022 Nov 1. doi: 10.5009/gnl220104. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The incidence and prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) shows sex difference. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on GC survival depending on sex.

METHODS: The sex, age, location, histology, TNM stages, BMI, and survival were analyzed in GC patients from May 2003 to February 2020 at the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital.

RESULTS: Among 14,688 patients, there were twice as many males (66.6%) as females (33.4%). However, under age 40 years, females (8.6%) were more prevalent than males (3.1%). Cardia GC in males showed a U-shaped distribution for underweight (9.6%), normal (6.4%), overweight (6.1%), obesity (5.6%), and severe obesity (9.3%) but not in females (p=0.003). Females showed decreased proportion of diffuse-type GC regarding BMI (underweight [59.9%], normal [56.8%], overweight [49.5%], obesity [44.8%], and severe obesity [41.7%]), but males did not (p<0.001). Both sexes had the worst prognosis in the underweight group (p<0.001), and the higher BMI, the better prognosis in males, but not females. Sex differences in prognosis according to BMI tended to be more prominent in males than in females in subgroup analysis of TNM stages I, II, and III and the operative treatment group.

CONCLUSIONS: GC-specific survival was affected by BMI in a sex-dependent manner. These differences may be related to genetic, and environmental, hormonal factors; body composition; and muscle mass (Trial registration number: NCT04973631).

PMID:36317512 | DOI:10.5009/gnl220104

Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2022 Nov 1. doi: 10.1039/d2cp03948f. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The emergence and development of radical luminescent materials is a huge breakthrough toward high-performance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) without spin-statistical limits. Herein, we design a series of radicals based on tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl (TTM) by combining skeleton-engineering and periphery-engineering strategies, and present some insights into how different chemical modifications can modulate the chemical stability and luminescence properties of radicals by quantum chemistry methods. Firstly, through the analysis of the geometric structure changes from the lowest doublet excited state (D₁) to the doublet ground state (D₀) states, the emission energy differences between the BN orientation isomers are explained, and it is revealed that the radical with a smaller dihedral angle difference can more effectively suppress the geometric relaxation of the excited states and bring a higher emission energy. Meanwhile, a comparison of the excited state properties in different radicals can help us to disclose the luminescence behavior, that is, the enhanced luminescent intensity of the radical is caused by the intensity borrowing between the charge transfer (CT) state and the dark locally excited (LE) state. In addition, an efficient algorithm for calculating the internal conversion rate (k_IC) is introduced and implemented, and the differences in k_IC values between designed radicals are explained. More specifically, the delocalization of hole and electron wave functions can reduce nonadiabatic coupling matrix elements (NACMEs), thus hindering the non-radiative decay process. Finally, the double-regulation of chemical stability and luminescence properties was realized through the synergistic effect of skeleton-engineering and periphery-engineering, and to screen the excellent doublet emitter (BN-41-MPTTM) theoretically.

PMID:36317503 | DOI:10.1039/d2cp03948f

Am J Clin Pathol. 2022 Nov 1:aqac129. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac129. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: With a substantial number of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) experiencing disease relapse, the quest for more sensitive methods to assess deeper responses indicative of cure continues.

METHODS: In this prospective analysis of 170 patients with MM at day 100 after autologous stem cell transplant, we evaluated the predictive value of conventional response, measurable residual disease (MRDTOTAL: the aberrant percentage of plasma cells [PC%] among total bone marrow cells), and neoplastic plasma cell index scores (NPCI: the aberrant PC% of total PCs).

RESULTS: Significantly better progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were observed with deepening conventional response. Conventional response-based stratification within the MRD-positive and MRD-negative subgroups showed a significantly higher PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 3.11; P < .005) and OS (HR, 3.08; P = .01) in the conventional response-positive/MRD-positive group compared with the conventional response-negative/MRD-positive group. Using K-adaptive partitioning to find the optimum threshold for MRD, patients achieving less than 0.001% MRDTOTAL had superior PFS (MRDTOTAL 0.001% to <0.1%: HR, 6.66, P < .005; MRDTOTAL ≥0.1%: HR, 11.52, P < .005) and OS (MRDTOTAL 0.001% to <0.1%: HR, 5.3, P < .05; MRDTOTAL ≥0.1%: HR = 9.21, P < .005). The C index and Akaike information criterion metrics demonstrated the superior performance of the NPCI compared with MRDTOTAL in predicting treatment outcome.

CONCLUSIONS: Progressive deepening of response, conventional as well as MRD, correlates with superior survival outcomes. The NPCI proved to be a superior determinant of survival and can be explored as a better statistic than MRD.

PMID:36317501 | DOI:10.1093/ajcp/aqac129

Elife. 2022 Nov 1;11:e79027. doi: 10.7554/eLife.79027.

ABSTRACT

The brain encodes the statistical regularities of the environment in a task-specific yet flexible and generalizable format. Here, we seek to understand this process by bridging two parallel lines of research, one centered on sensorimotor timing, and the other on cognitive mapping in the hippocampal system. By combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a fast-paced time-to-contact (TTC) estimation task, we found that the hippocampus signaled behavioral feedback received in each trial as well as performance improvements across trials along with reward-processing regions. Critically, it signaled performance improvements independent from the tested intervals, and its activity accounted for the trial-wise regression-to-the-mean biases in TTC estimation. This is in line with the idea that the hippocampus supports the rapid encoding of temporal context even on short time scales in a behavior-dependent manner. Our results emphasize the central role of the hippocampus in statistical learning and position it at the core of a brain-wide network updating sensorimotor representations in real time for flexible behavior.

PMID:36317500 | DOI:10.7554/eLife.79027

Anesth Pain Med (Seoul). 2022 Oct;17(4):429-433. doi: 10.17085/apm.22134. Epub 2022 Aug 1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: YouTube, the largest online video platform, has become increasingly popular as a source of health information to patients. The aim of the study was to assess whether Korean patients were well informed about spinal injection from YouTube.

METHODS: Search for the keyword “cheog-chu ju-sa” in Korean language was done, and the quality of the 51 videos with the highest number of views was evaluated independently by two pain management doctors.

RESULTS: The averages of global quality scores evaluated by the two doctors were 3.0 and 3.5 and modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) scores were 2.8 and 3.0, respectively. The Kappa statistic between the two doctors’ scores was 0.285 and 0.417.

CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of low-quality videos with a global quality score of 2 or less is 18-36%, which indicated that these videos might provide inaccurate or misleading medical information to the patient. Pain clinic doctors should be wary of medically misleading information available on online platforms, such as YouTube, and strive to create and distribute professional quality educational materials.

PMID:36317436 | DOI:10.17085/apm.22134

Anesth Pain Med (Seoul). 2022 Oct;17(4):412-419. doi: 10.17085/apm.22168. Epub 2022 Oct 26.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) are critically ill and have high waiting-list mortality. Although studies demonstrated that appropriately treated coronary artery disease (CAD) should not be regarded as a contraindication to liver transplant (LT), data regarding long-term outcomes in critically ill liver LT recipients are lacking. The aim of this study was to compare the rates of all-cause death at 5 years following LT in patients with ACLF with or without CAD.

METHODS: Between 2010 and 2020, we evaluated 921 consecutive LT patients (MELD score, 32 ± 9) and ACLF classified by CLIF-C ACLF score. Up to 5-year all-cause death according to the CAD status was examined. CAD was defined as a preoperative history of coronary artery bypass graft or a percutaneous intervention and old myocardial infarction. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used.

RESULTS: Up to 5 years, 212 (23.0%) of all ACLF patients (n = 921) in whom 17 (29.3%) of 58 CAD patients died. In patients with CAD (6.3%, 58/921), the Kaplan-Meier cumulative mortality rate at 5 years was numerically higher but was not statistically significant when compared with those without CAD (32.9% vs. 23.5%, log-rank, P = 0.25). In subgr oup analysis, there were comparable risks of cumulative mortalities at 5 years across the stratification of ACLF grade 1, 2, and 3 (log-rank P = 0.062, P = 0.72, and P = 0.999, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS: All-cause mortality is high in patients with ACLF after LT but is not related to the presence of revascularized or treated CAD, across the stratification of ACLF grades.

PMID:36317434 | DOI:10.17085/apm.22168

Clin Cardiol. 2022 Nov 1. doi: 10.1002/clc.23915. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Data on the association of multimorbidity and functional impairment with cardiovascular (CV) and non-CV outcomes among older myocardial infarction (MI) patients are limited.

HYPOTHESIS: Multimorbidity and functional impairment among older MI patients are associated with CV and non-CV mortality.

METHODS: Patients aged ≥65 years, 1-3 years post-MI, and enrolled between June 2013 and Novemeber 2014 from 349 sites in 25 countries in the global TIGRIS registry were categorized by age, number of comorbidities, and presence and degree of functional impairment. Functional impairment was calculated using five-dimension EuroQol based on three domains-mobility, self-care, and usual activities. The association between age, number of comorbid conditions, and degree of functional impairment with 2-year incidence of CV and non-CV death was evaluated using Poisson regression analysis.

RESULTS: Older age was associated with higher number of comorbidities and functional impairment; after adjustment, increasing age was significantly associated with non-CV mortality (p = .03) but not CV mortality (p = .38). Greater functional impairment was associated with a higher rate and relatively equal magnitude risk of CV (rate ratios [RR] 1.52, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.29-1.79, per one-step increase) and non-CV mortality (RR 1.42, 95% CI: 1.17-1.73). Multimorbidity was more strongly associated with CV mortality (RR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.38-1.67, per additional comorbidity) versus non-CV mortality (RR 1.29, 95% CI: 1.14-1.47, per additional comorbidity).

CONCLUSIONS: Multimorbidity and functional impairment are prevalent among older post-MI patients and are associated with increased CV and non-CV mortality. These findings highlight the importance of considering comorbid conditions and functional impairment as predictors of risk for adverse outcomes and aspects of medical decision making. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT01866904.

PMID:36317424 | DOI:10.1002/clc.23915