Tag: statistics

J Trauma Stress. 2021 Dec 31. doi: 10.1002/jts.22771. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) is used to measure posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and diagnose posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, its use, particularly in settings involving longitudinal assessment, has been complicated by changes in the diagnostic criteria between the fourth and fifth editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (i.e., DSM-IV and DSM-5, respectively). The current sample included trauma-exposed U.S. veterans who were deployed in support of military operations following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks (N = 371) and were enrolled in a longitudinal study focused on deployment-related stress and traumatic brain injury. A hybrid clinical interview using item wording from the CAPS for DSM-IV (CAPS-IV) with the addition of items unique to the CAPS for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) was used to assess both DSM-IV and DSM-5 PTSD diagnostic criteria, allowing for the calculation of separate total scores and diagnoses. Diagnostic agreement, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and interrater reliability between CAPS-IV and CAPS-5 were evaluated for the entire sample and stratified by gender. We found high diagnostic agreement (92.9%-95.4%), sensitivity (94.4%-98.2%), specificity (91.7%-92.8%), PPV (89.5%-93.0%), NPV (95.7%-98.1%), and interrater reliability,κ = 0.86-0.91,) for both men and women. The current study supports the use of a hybrid PTSD diagnostic interview assessing both DSM-IV and DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, particularly in situations such as longitudinal studies that may require a feasible method of incorporating changes in diagnostic criteria from the DSM-IV to the DSM-5.

PMID:34973042 | DOI:10.1002/jts.22771

Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2021 Dec 31. doi: 10.1111/ppc.13011. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: This study was carried out to investigate the internalized stigma and recovery levels of patients registered in a Community Mental Health Center (CMHC).

MATERIAL AND METHODS: This descriptive study was completed with 230 psychiatric patients to a registered Community Mental Health Center is located in Turkey. Data were collected using a sociodemographic characteristics’ form, the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI), and the Maryland Assessment of Recovery in Serious Mental Illness (MARS).

RESULTS: A statistically significant negative relationship was found between total ISMI and MARS scores (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The internalized stigma and recovery levels of individuals diagnosed with mental illness registered at the CMHC were found to be normal.

PMID:34973035 | DOI:10.1111/ppc.13011

J Trauma Stress. 2021 Dec 31. doi: 10.1002/jts.22762. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Posttraumatic negative thoughts about one’s self and the world are related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity and change in cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT), but little is known about this association when CBT is delivered with medication. The current study presents a planned comparison of changes in negative posttraumatic thoughts during (a) prolonged exposure (PE) plus pill placebo (PE+PLB), (b) sertraline plus enhanced medication management (SERT+EMM), and (c) PE plus sertraline (PE+SERT) as part of a randomized clinical trial in a sample of 176 veterans. Lagged regression modeling revealed that change in posttraumatic negative thoughts was associated with PTSD symptom change in the conditions in which participants received sertraline, ds = 0.14-0.25, ps = 0.04-.001). However, contrary to previous research, the models that started with symptom change were also statistically significant, d = 0.23, p < .001, for the lagged effect of symptoms on negative thoughts about self in the SERT+EMM condition, indicating a bidirectional association between such thoughts and PTSD symptoms. In the PE+PLB condition, no significant association between posttraumatic thoughts and PTSD symptoms emerged in either direction. These results suggest that the previously demonstrated role of change in posttraumatic thoughts leading to PTSD symptom reduction in PE may be altered when combined with pill administration, either active or placebo.

PMID:34973039 | DOI:10.1002/jts.22762

Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1337:291-297. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-78771-4_32.

ABSTRACT

Continued development in the field of cardiovascular modeling over the past few years has contributed to the production of precise three-dimensional models of main coronary arteries. Computational fluid dynamic-derived parameters such as smartFFR, a CT-FFR surrogate, and endothelial shear stress (ESS) can be assessed from non-invasive imaging techniques like computed tomography coronary angiography using novel 3D reconstruction methods and can be used to investigate the functional significance of an artery. The investigation of the different flow conditions for the calculation (steady state vs. transient) of the ESS presents that while there is a difference in the final values, it is not statistically significant. ESS in the whole vessel is higher compared to the lesion-specific segments and smartFFR calculated in lesion segment does not reflect accurately the flow capability of the vessel. Higher ESS is present in vessels with <0.85 smartFFR and both parameters are present higher values in vessels with abnormal PET myocardial perfusion imaging.

PMID:34972916 | DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-78771-4_32

Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1337:371-378. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-78771-4_42.

ABSTRACT

Vitamin D deficiency due to inadequate sun exposure and/or inadequate intake from food is very common worldwide, consisting a major public health problem. As prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation involves risks, food fortification of staple foods emerges as a favorable solution for addressing vitamin D deficiency. Bread is a suitable candidate for fortification as it is consumed often and is the main carbohydrate source in European countries.The purpose of this study was the evaluation of the bioavailability of vitamin D from a fortified Greek-type bread that was developed as a means for addressing vitamin D deficiency, by comparing the absorption curve of vitamin D in fortified bread in relation to that of plain vitamin supplementation. Two groups of clinically healthy volunteers consumed 25,000 international units (IU) of vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol) either in fortified bread (Group A) or in a plain supplement form (Group B). The baseline plasma concentrations of cholecalciferol were 8.1 ± 6.0 ng/mL and 6.8 ± 3.4 ng/mL in Groups A and B, respectively. After 12, 24, and 48 h, the concentrations of cholecalciferol in Group A were 16.7 ± 4.8, 15.3 ± 8.3 and 11.9 ± 6.0 ng/mL, respectively, and in Group B, 15.2 ± 3.3, 11.6 ± 2.4, and 9.6 ± 3.6 ng/mL, respectively. In both groups, the concentrations of cholecalciferol at 12 and 24 h were significantly higher than the baseline concentrations (p < 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences between the concentrations of cholecalciferol between Groups A and B, at each time point.Cholecalciferol is bioavailable from Greek-type fortified bread and bread could be used for addressing vitamin D deficiency.

PMID:34972926 | DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-78771-4_42

Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1337:259-272. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-78771-4_29.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of patients’ knowledge on adherence to the hemodialysis regimen and Quality of Life (QoL) of patients undergoing hemodialysis as well as the effect of adherence on QoL. Also, the effect of demographic and clinical characteristics on the above three variables was studied. In this cross-sectional study conducted between March and May 2017, 321 patients on hemodialysis from six hemodialysis units completed the Kidney Disease Questionnaire, the GR-Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire and the Missoula Vitas Quality of Life Index-15 to measure the patient knowledge, the adherence to hemodialysis regimen, and the QoL, respectively. The statistical analysis was performed via the Statistical Program SPSS 19.0. The statistical significance level was set up at 0.05. The knowledge was independently associated with the overall QoL and its dimension-transcendence-with total adherence and its dimension-diet/fluid adherence. The total adherence was independently associated with overall QoL and its dimensions-symptoms and interpersonal. The educational level, the type of vascular access, and the daily number of pills were independently associated with the total adherence and the overall QoL. Patient knowledge may have an important effect on adherence and QoL. Adherence may have an important effect on QoL. Demographic and clinical characteristics play, also, a crucial role in the above variables. The findings can help nephrology nurses to quantify the extent of non-adherence in hemodialysis and poor quality of life.

PMID:34972913 | DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-78771-4_29

Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1337:227-235. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-78771-4_26.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The relationship between leadership and the work environment has been studied by many authors at the organization level, but not specifically in intensive care units (ICUs). The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between the work environment and nursing leadership in intensive care units.

METHODOLOGY: This is a correlation study. The study population consisted of nurses and nursing assistants with at least 6 months of experience in ICUs of Northern Greece hospitals. Data were collected using the Greek version of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ). Statistical analysis of data was done with IBM SPSS v. 22.0.

RESULTS: A total of 64 nurses aged 43.6 ± 6.4 years were included. In the work environment, the dimensions of nursing staff competence (2.4 ± 0.6) and relationships between nursing staff and physicians (2.4 ± 0.6) were higher, and the dimensions of nursing staff involvement in decision-making in hospital (2.3 ± 0.6), nursing authorities on the quality of healthcare (2.2 ± 0.6), and supervisor abilities and support to nursing staff (2.2 ± 0.6) had the lowest score. The highest scores on the leadership questionnaire were personalized interest (2.6 ± 0.8), and exceptional management (passive) (2.6 ± 0.9).

CONCLUSIONS: The work environment was not related to nursing leadership. Nurses need individual development plans that include the type of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values required for leadership. In this context, continuing training centers play an important role because they are responsible for training and developing leaders who are fit for work in intensive care.

PMID:34972910 | DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-78771-4_26

Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1337:245-258. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-78771-4_28.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Approach to hemodialysis care from a gender perspective has received a great deal of attention globally since two sexes may have different experiences and manifestations of the same disease.

PURPOSE: To explore sex differences in anxiety and depression among hemodialysis patients.

METHOD AND MATERIAL: In the study were enrolled 200 patients (100 men and 100 women) who underwent hemodialysis. Data were collected by the completion of “The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)” which included patients’ self-reported characteristics. The statistical significance level was p < 0.05.

RESULTS: In men and women, anxiety was statistically significantly associated with relations with nurses (p = 0.033 and p = 0.001, respectively), concealment of hemodialysis (p = 0.013 and p = 0.001, respectively), and insomnia (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Only in women, anxiety was statistically significantly associated with years under hemodialysis (p = 0.002), relation with doctors (p = 0.001), and their belief that life had changed (p = 0.002), whereas only in men, anxiety was associated with help in daily activities (p = 0.001). In men and women, depression was statistically significantly associated with relations with nurses (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively) and dependency on health professionals (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Only in women, depression was statistically significantly associated with years under hemodialysis (p = 0.002), level of information (p = 0.022), relations with doctors (p = 0.001), concealment of hemodialysis (p = 0.001), their belief that life had changed (p = 0.001), and insomnia (p = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: The development of an effective treatment that may alleviate anxiety and depression needs to capture how patients perceive and respond to hemodialysis.

PMID:34972912 | DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-78771-4_28

Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1337:159-168. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-78771-4_18.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Job rotation in nursing staff involves moving workers from one department to another to increase their qualities in all areas.

AIM: Investigating the effects of job rotation of nursing staff on employee satisfaction and occupational engagement.

METHODOLOGY: A total of 211 nurses took part in the study. A structured questionnaire with closed-ended questions was used to collect the data. The questions used were based on previous research tools. The data analysis was performed with the SPSS statistical package v.24.0.

RESULTS: Τhe results regarding the correlation of job rotation, job satisfaction, and occupational engagement show that job rotation is positively related to occupational engagement and job satisfaction of nurses. The overall attitude of nursing staff toward job rotation is neutral, and they express moderate to neutral professional satisfaction, moderate degree of vigor and absorption, and moderate-to-high degree of dedication. Regarding the correlation of job rotation, job satisfaction, and occupational engagement with the demographic characteristics of nurses, it was found that the gender and years of work of nurses are not the factors that affect job satisfaction, occupational engagement, and job rotation. On the contrary, it was found that the age of nurses is a factor that only affects their work satisfaction, nursing education is a factor that only affects nurses’ occupational engagement, and job position is a factor that affects nurses’ occupational engagement and job rotation.

CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the importance of job rotation of nursing staff in their professional satisfaction and occupational engagement.

PMID:34972902 | DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-78771-4_18

Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1337:195-203. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-78771-4_22.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Medication errors have been recognized as a real problem for all health systems worldwide and are the most common category of nursing errors. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of medication errors and their correlation with the job satisfaction of nurses.

METHOD: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out and the sample of the study consisted of 189 nurses. To investigate medication errors, an anonymous structured questionnaire of 34 questions was used and Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) questionnaire was used to measure job satisfaction. The IBM SPSS 25.0 program was used for statistical analysis of the data.

RESULTS: 63.0% of nurses have been errors in the administration of medication, more often by the wrong time of administration (34.4%), missed dose (22.8%), and wrong dose (21.7%). The likelihood of an error is similar in all shifts, its devaluation is a non-reference reason, and if reported to a greater frequency in the attending physician. A significant difference in the frequency of errors was found only in the marital status and the job, while under the working conditions no significant variation was recorded. Job satisfaction is statistically significantly low for financial earnings and high for the management supervision. Based on the findings, the correlation between total job satisfaction and medication errors was not significant.

CONCLUSIONS: Nursing medication errors continue to happen. Continuing education, formal recording, and improvement of working conditions could help prevent and minimize errors and at the same time increase the job satisfaction of nurses.

PMID:34972906 | DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-78771-4_22