Tag: statistics

Arch Esp Urol. 2022 Sep;75(7):618-623. doi: 10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20227507.89.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (FURL), as a common method for treating upper urinary tract calculi, has the risks of complications such as infection and bleeding. Especially, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) after FURL may induce multiple organ dysfunction threatening the lives of patients. We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of SIRS after FURL.

METHODS: A total of 157 upper urinary tract calculus patients treated with FURL from January 2018 to December 2019 were enrolled, and clinical outcomes and complications were analyzed. Patients were divided into SIRS group (n = 31) and non-SIRS group (n = 126) according to the presence or absence of SIRS after FURL. Their clinical data were compared by univariate analysis, and the factors with statistically significant difference were incorporated into LASSO logistic regression analysis. The model was visualized using a nomogram, and model discrimination and accuracy were verified.

RESULTS: The results of univariate analysis indicated that there were significant differences in gender, average stone size, preoperative urinary white blood cell count, surgery time and postoperative stone bacterial culture between the two groups. The results of LASSO logistic regression analysis showed that the above factors were independent risk factors for patients with SIRS. The C-index of the SIRS risk prediction model was 0.992. The area under the ROC curve of this model was 0.944 (95% CI: 0.913-0.997), the sensitivity was 97.9%, and the specificity was 95.8%. The average absolute error between actual and predicted risk probabilities was 0.028. The model for predicting the risk of SIRS had good discrimination and high consistency with the actual observed value.

CONCLUSIONS: Females, larger stones, higher preoperative urinary white blood cell count, longer surgery time and postoperative positive stone bacterial culture are independent risk factors of SIRS after FURL for upper urinary tract calculi.

PMID:36214143 | DOI:10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20227507.89

Eur J Ophthalmol. 2022 Oct 9:11206721221131129. doi: 10.1177/11206721221131129. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate retinal and choriocapillary vessel density (VD) changes in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) treated with half-fluence verteporfin photodynamic therapy (vPDT) or eplerenone, using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

METHODS: Patients affected by CSC and treated with vPDT and eplerenone were retrospectively studied. At baseline and 3 months after each treatment, all patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, including an evaluation of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fundus examination, fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and OCTA.

RESULTS: Forty-eight eyes of patients with CSC were analysed. Twenty-four eyes were placed in the vPDT group, and 24 eyes formed the eplerenone group. In both groups, OCTA showed a significant improvement in the VD of deep capillary plexus (DCP) and choriocapillaris (CC) after treatments with respect to baseline (p < 0.001), whereas the VD of superficial capillary plexus (SCP) did not show significant differences (p > 0.05). The PDT group demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the VD of DCP and CC with respect to the eplerenone group (DCP p = 0.012; CC p = 0.004). A statistically significant reduction with respect to baseline in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) (p = 0.001 for vPDT group; p = 0.001 for eplerenone group) and in central foveal thickness (CFT) (p = 0.001 for vPDT group; p = 0.001 for eplerenone group) was also found. The SFCT was significantly thinnest in the PDT group with respect to the eplerenone group (p = 0.021).

CONCLUSION: OCTA allowed us to study retinal and choriocapillary vascular changes in patients with CSC treated with vPDT and eplerenone.

PMID:36214140 | DOI:10.1177/11206721221131129

Arch Esp Urol. 2022 Sep;75(7):584-611. doi: 10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20227507.87.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a complex disease with multiorgan manifestations, some of which are still poorly understood, such as genitourinary manifestations. The objective of this article is to review these genitourinary manifestations.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study on the genitourinary manifestations described in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity is performed, based on a systematic review of the literature between February 1956 and December 2020, consulting the Medline/PubMed database and the Google search engine. Descriptive statistics of the variables studied were performed with frequency and percentage for qualitative variables and median and range (minimum-maximum value) for quantitative variables.

RESULTS: We reviewed the originals or abstracts of 3450 articles on MCS, including 461 on symptoms (13.3%) and selecting 40 (1.1%) that referred to genitourinary pathologies or symptoms and corresponded to 19 reviews, 14 articles on case reports (11 clinical cases and 3 series), 5 books with case reports, 1 consensus document and 1 update. The number of patients with MCS studied in these 40 articles was 4556 of whom 303 presented genitourinary symptoms (6.6%), and corresponded to 277 women (91.4%) and 27 men (8.6%) with a mean age of 39.4 years, range (7-82 years). There were 119 different genitourinary symptoms or pathologies with 170 citations which in frequency were 77 for gynecological symptoms (45.3%) in 28 publications (70%), 62 for urological symptoms (36.5%) in 29 publications (72.5%), 18 for sexological symptoms (10.6%) in 8 publications (20%) and 13 for andrological symptoms (7.6%) in 5 publications (12.5%).

CONCLUSIONS: Genitourinary manifestations of MCS are rare and predominantly in women. They constitute a genitourinary syndrome including gynecological, urological, sexological and andrological symptoms. Until today there has been no study of these symptoms in the medical literature.

PMID:36214141 | DOI:10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20227507.87

Lupus. 2022 Oct 8:9612033221132484. doi: 10.1177/09612033221132484. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) serum and urinary levels and gene polymorphisms on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) development and investigate their link to lupus nephritis (LN).

METHODS: We enrolled 120 Egyptian SLE patients and 120 healthy controls. Thorough medical and clinical evaluation were carried out, and SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) was assessed. Lupus patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of LN. Measurement of HMGB1 serum and urinary levels was done using ELISA and genotyping for HMGB1 (rs1045411) was performed.

RESULTS: There were statistically significantly higher HMGB1 serum and urinary levels in SLE patients (p < 0.001). There was a marginally significant association between lupus and alleles (p = 0.059, φ = -0.086). ‘C’ allele was marginally significant risk allele for SLE. After classifying SLE patients based on the presence or absence of LN, there was no significant difference as regard sex (p = 0.387), age (p = 0.208) and disease duration (p = 0.094).However, there was a significant difference between the 2 groups in regard to the frequency of musculoskeletal manifestations (p = 0.035), SLEDAI score (p < 0.001), both serum (p < 0.001) and urinary HMGB1 levels (p < 0.001) in addition to the frequency of HMGB1 genotypes (p = 0.003). Lupus patients with C/T-T/T HMGB1 genotypes had 3.5-times higher odds to exhibit LN.

CONCLUSIONS: Serum and urine HMGB1 measurements are helpful in the diagnosis of SLE and the prediction of LN. There is a link between HMGB1 gene variations and the risk of SLE, with evidence that the C/T-T/T HMGB1 genotype is linked to a significantly greater risk of LN in the Egyptian population.

PMID:36214106 | DOI:10.1177/09612033221132484

Epilepsia Open. 2022 Oct 10. doi: 10.1002/epi4.12657. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and analyze the etiology and prognosis of patients with new-onset status epilepticus (NOSE).

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all adult patients (≧16 years old) who were admitted to Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital between January 2018 and December 2020 with status epilepticus and no prior epilepsy history.

RESULTS: We collected data from 85 patients, aged from 16 to 90 years, of whom 49 were male and 36 were female. 55 of these cases (64.7%) were younger than 60 years of age. Acute symptomatic SE was mostly seen in the NOSE (53.9%), followed by unknown SE(25.9%), progressive SE (11.8%), and remote SE(9.4%). The differences in the etiology of NOSE between age groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). For the young, the main etiology remained unknown (36.3%), followed by autoimmune-related SE (16.4%); in the elderly, the primary etiology was central nervous system infection (23.3%), followed by cerebrovascular disease (20%), and intracranial tumors ( 20%). Normal imaging was mostly seen in young people with NOSE (P<0.001). Regarding outcome parameters and risk factors in patients with NOSE, adverse outcome was associated with age (OR=3.5, 95%CI=0.108-0.758, P=0.012) , co-infection (OR=4.5, 95%CI=0.083-0.599, P=0.003 ), and tracheal intubation (OR=6.318, 95%CI=0.060-0.204, P=0.011).

SIGNIFICANCE: In our cohort, intracranial tumors, central nervous system infections, and cerebrovascular disease were the predominant causes of NOSE in the elderly, while autoimmune encephalitis was the largest recognized cause of NOSE in young patients. In addition, imaging varies with age. According to the data, preventing infections may enhance patient prognosis because greater infection rates are connected with less favorable results. Meanwhile, age and mechanical ventilation are related to the prognosis of NOSE.

PMID:36214088 | DOI:10.1002/epi4.12657

Child Maltreat. 2022 Oct 10:10775595221125454. doi: 10.1177/10775595221125454. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study investigated whether statewide delivery of the wraparound service model (WSM) improved child and caregiver outcomes and reduced subsequent child protective service (CPS) contact among families referred to services following a CPS report. Caregivers (n = 247) completed baseline and 6-month interviews to document self-reported engagement in WSM and non-WSM conditions and assess changes in outcomes. Kernel-weighted difference-in-difference (K-DID) models were used to assess program effects, based on reported condition. Child behavior outcomes improved among WSM-engaged families, but differences by condition were non-significant except for internalizing behaviors. Caregiver receipt of WSM was associated with greater retention of behavioral health services, but did not produce statistically significant improvements in their wellbeing. Households in the WSM condition were more likely to be reported to CPS at 6-month follow-up, but this difference was not significant at 12 months and differences in substantiation were not statistically significant. Supplemental analyses compared alternative means of contrasting group effects, highlighting some differences based on method. The WSM produced few significant differential improvements in child or caregiver outcomes and failed to prevent future CPS involvement. Inadequate program fidelity appeared to be a factor in implementation of the WSM, which may have hampered program effectiveness under real-world conditions.

PMID:36214073 | DOI:10.1177/10775595221125454

Mol Nutr Food Res. 2022 Oct 10:e2200145. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202200145. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

SCOPE: Consumption of meat has been associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but if plasma metabolite profiles associated with these foods reflect this relationship is unknown. The objective was to identify a plasma metabolite signature of consumption of total meat (TM), red meat (RM), processed red meat (PRM), and fish, and to examine if they are associated with the risk of T2D.

METHODS AND RESULTS: The discovery population includes 1833 participants from the PREDIMED trial. The internal validation sample included 1522 of these participants with available 1-year follow-up metabolomic data. Cross-sectional associations between metabolites and TM, RM, PRM, and fish were evaluated with continuous elastic net regression. Prospective associations between the identified profiles and incident T2D were estimated using Cox regressions. The metabolite profiles included 72 metabolites for TM, 69 metabolites for RM, 74 metabolites for PRM, and 66 metabolites for fish. After adjusting for T2D risk factors, only the metabolite profiles of TM (HR: 1.25, 95%CI:1.06,1.49), RM (HR: 1.27, 95%CI:1.07,1.52) and PRM (HR: 1.27, 95%CI:1.07,1.51) were associated with T2D.

CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of total meat, its subtypes, and fish was associated with different metabolites, some of which have been previously associated with T2D. Scores based on the identified metabolites for TM, RM, and PRM showed a significant association with the risk of T2D in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:36214069 | DOI:10.1002/mnfr.202200145

J Xray Sci Technol. 2022 Oct 7. doi: 10.3233/XST-221263. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To compare image quality, radiation dose, and iodine intake of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) acquired by wide-detector using different tube voltages and different concentrations of contrast medium (CM) for overweight patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 150 overweight patients (body mass index≥25 kg/m2) who underwent CCTA are enrolled and divided into three groups according to scan protocols namely, group A (120 kVp, 370 mgI/ml CM); group B (100 kVp, 350 mgI/ml CM); and group C (80 kVp, 320 mgI/ml CM). The CT values, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and figure-of-merit (FOM) of all images are calculated. Images are subjectively assessed using a 5-point scale. In addition, the CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) of each patient are recorded. The effective radiation dose (ED) is also calculated. Above data are then statistically analyzed.

RESULTS: The mean CT values, SNR, CNR, and subjective image quality of group A are significantly lower than those of groups B and C (P < 0.001), but there is no significant difference between groups B and C (P > 0.05). FOMs show a significantly increase trend from group A to C (P < 0.001). The ED values and total iodine intake in groups B and C are 30.34% and 68.53% and 10.22% and 16.85% lower than those in group A, respectively (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: The lower tube voltage and lower concentration of CM based on wide-detector allows for significant reduction in iodine load and radiation dose in CCTA for overweight patients comparing to routine scan protocols. It also enhances signal intensity of CCTA and maintains image quality.

PMID:36214032 | DOI:10.3233/XST-221263

Work. 2022 Oct 7. doi: 10.3233/WOR-220082. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a major impact on the educational institutes globally and resulted in the transition from traditional educational systems to online electronic learning methods.

OBJECTIVE: This study endeavored to address and compare the dental student’s understanding regarding the Oral Biology course by assessing their knowledge and skills between the students enrolled during 2020 (online teaching) and 2021 (face-to-face teaching). This study also aimed to assess the perception of dental students regarding the virtual mode of teaching.

METHODS: This quasi-experimental study evaluated students from two years, in which a retrospective group of dental students enrolled during the academic year 2020 were compared with a prospective experimental group enrolled during the academic year 2021. Knowledge and skills for both years were compared. This comprised of theoretical and practical component. Students also completed a questionnaire that assessed student’s perception regarding online teaching.

RESULTS: A total of 98 students of Bahria University Dental College participated. A comparison between grade scores of online and traditional learning groups reported statistically significant differences (p = 0.05*) with regards to short answer question types, viva or verbal questions (p = 0.016*). Strong correlations were observed via the multivariable analysis. All correlations were statistically significant at p < 0.01 level. Learning satisfaction was not satisfactorily observed by the online learning group.

CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that despite the disruption that the educational sector had to face due to the COVID-19 pandemic, based on the differences in the subjective domain scores, students appeared to like on-campus teaching more than the online teaching, as most students found online learning to be stressful and were quite unsatisfied. However, the difference in mode of teaching did not affect the knowledge and skills of the dental students.

PMID:36214029 | DOI:10.3233/WOR-220082

Work. 2022 Oct 7. doi: 10.3233/WOR-211221. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Human error types and error factors are two important elements of error analysis. Understanding the relationship between them can contribute to new case analyses, the tendency of error occurrence statistics, error factor identification, and prevention of error recurrence.

OBJECTIVE: To provide evidence and guidance for the prevention and improvement of medication communication errors by quantitatively exploring the relationship between error types and error factors.

METHODS: Data were collected on self-reported errors in the medication administration process by nurses in all departments of three cooperative medical institutions, and an error sheet of specified style was adopted. Error types were determined by the systematic human error reduction and prediction approach method and human cognition processes. Error factors were extracted using the root cause analysis combined with Berlo’s communication model, and the relationship between error types and error factors was quantitatively studied using the partial least-squares regression method.

RESULTS: After a one-by-one analysis of 303 error cases, the communication errors occurring in the nursing medicine process could be explained by six error types and 12 error factors. In addition, 20 correlation patterns between the error types and error factors were quantitatively obtained, and their path coefficient distributions ranged from 0.088 to 0.467.

CONCLUSION: The results of this study may provide reference to understand errors and establish countermeasures from the statistics of error occurrence trend, extract error factors related to error types and determine key error factors.

PMID:36214025 | DOI:10.3233/WOR-211221