Tag: statistics

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Oct 10. doi: 10.1007/s00405-022-07675-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the audiological performances of Turkey’s most up-to-date bone conduction implant processors.

METHODS: Twenty-six bone-anchored hearing instrument users, thirteen in each group, were evaluated for speech understanding in quiet and several signal-to-noise ratios.

RESULTS: We noticed the differences at 0.5 and 1 kHz measurements in free field frequency specific test, aided SRT scores, non-adaptive and adaptive matrix test results for a few conditions created a statistically significant difference in favor of Baha-6^®.

CONCLUSIONS: Both processors offer positive gains to their users in noisy and silent conditions. However, the data showed statistically significant differences for some measurements that may be critical for patients in daily practice.

PMID:36214870 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-022-07675-2

JCI Insight. 2022 Oct 10;7(19):e160398. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.160398.

ABSTRACT

Mass cytometry, or cytometry by TOF (CyTOF), provides a robust means of determining protein-level measurements of more than 40 markers simultaneously. While the functional states of immune cells occur along continuous phenotypic transitions, cytometric studies surveying cell phenotypes often rely on static metrics, such as discrete cell-type abundances, based on canonical markers and/or restrictive gating strategies. To overcome this limitation, we applied single-cell trajectory inference and nonnegative matrix factorization methods to CyTOF data to trace the dynamics of T cell states. In the setting of cancer immunotherapy, we showed that patient-specific summaries of continuous phenotypic shifts in T cells could be inferred from peripheral blood-derived CyTOF mass cytometry data. We further illustrated that transfer learning enabled these T cell continuous metrics to be used to estimate patient-specific cell states in new sample cohorts from a reference patient data set. Our work establishes the utility of continuous metrics for CyTOF analysis as tools for translational discovery.

PMID:36214223 | DOI:10.1172/jci.insight.160398

J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2022 Oct 10:e23240. doi: 10.1002/jbt.23240. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Since most infectious diseases can develop into sepsis, it is still a major medical problem. Some in-vivo studies showed promising properties of fluoxetine in the treatment of infections. This study aims the antimicrobial effect of fluoxetine on the inflammatory process used in the treatment of sepsis-modeled rats. Besides, to investigate the efficacy of fluoxetine on modifying the antibiotic effect of imipenem in the inflammatory response. An experimental sepsis model was divided into negative control, positive control, fluoxetine 5 mg/kg, imipenem 60 mg/kg, and combined (fluoxetine; imipenem). Procalcitonin (PCT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), lactate, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), the inflammation markers interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Oxidative stress markers, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), total thiol (TT), and native thiol (NT) were measured using photometric methods. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated according to TAS and TOS levels. The statistical analysis was performed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.0. After treatment with fluoxetine, imipenem, and combined groups, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MPO activity, MCP-1, hs-CRP, PCT, lactate, and the oxidative stress markers OSI, and disulfide levels were decreased (p < 0.05). The TT, NT, and TAS levels significantly statistically increased (p < 0.05). This research demonstrates that fluoxetine has effects as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, and the combined treatment with antibioticum imipenem indicates positive synergistic effects in the experimental sepsis model.

PMID:36214215 | DOI:10.1002/jbt.23240

Gerodontology. 2022 Oct 10. doi: 10.1111/ger.12656. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between different types of dental prostheses (and residual dentition) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).

METHODS: A population-based study with a representative sample of adults and older adults in Uruguay (2010-2011). The dependent variable was the score on the oral impact on daily performance (OIDP), and the main predictor was the pattern of tooth loss and prosthesis use. Covariates included sex, age, socioeconomic status, education, missing teeth, pain and decayed teeth. Negative binomial regression was used.

RESULTS: The sample comprised 762 participants. Those participants not wearing a prosthesis and with extensive tooth loss had a mean OIDP of 3.1 (95% CI = 1.6-6.2), while those wearing removable partial dentures (RPD) and having <12 missing teeth had a mean OIDP of 3.6 (95% CI = 1.3-10.0). Participants with a free-end saddle had the highest mean OIDP, at 4.9 (95% CI = 2.0-12.1). For participants with ≤12 missing teeth, any additional missing tooth was associated with an 11% higher OIDP score. Participants who wore RDPs reported fewer impacts on OHRQoL if they had extensive tooth loss or anterior tooth loss than those with a free-end saddle, or who had lost fewer teeth.

CONCLUSIONS: The use of RPDs is associated with better OHRQoL. These findings may be valuable in clinical practice and prosthetic planning.

PMID:36214197 | DOI:10.1111/ger.12656

Int J Health Serv. 2022 Oct 9:207314221131218. doi: 10.1177/00207314221131218. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This article analyzes the relationship between various forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) and unmet need for family planning (FP) in South Asia. The data were obtained from the latest wave of the Demographic and Health Survey in Afghanistan, India, Maldives, Nepal, and Pakistan. Binary logistic regression analyses show mixed results, with a significant association between at least one type of IPV and unmet need for FP in all countries under study, except Maldives. There were also contrasting findings on the IPV-unmet need nexus, with a positive sign in some but negative sign in others. Women who experienced physical violence were associated with a higher odds of having an unmet need in Pakistan, but the opposite was true in Afghanistan and Nepal. The odds of having an unmet need were higher among Indian women who experienced IPV (sexual and emotional). In Afghanistan, women who experienced IPV (physical and emotional) have lower odds of having an unmet need. However, the interaction analysis of IPV (physical and sexual) and partners’ controlling behavior showed a positive association with unmet need. Policymakers need to develop policies and strategies to prevent IPV and reduce unmet need for FP, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals.

PMID:36214188 | DOI:10.1177/00207314221131218

Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2022 Oct 10:99228221127730. doi: 10.1177/00099228221127730. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

We reviewed patients with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. We analyzed cardiovascular findings in patients with confirmed chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome live-born in Nevada between March 2007 and September 2020. We identified 60 patients. Of the 60 patients, 32 (53%) were female. Of the 60, 48 (80%) had a conotruncal abnormality (including isolated vascular rings): 23 of 32 (72%) for females versus 25 of 28 (89%) for males, P = .41. However, 11 (34%) of 32 females had a right aortic arch; whereas, 21 (75%) of 28 males had a right aortic arch, P = .007. In conclusion, in our patient cohort, we found conotruncal malformations were common. However, we noted males were statistically more likely to have a right aortic arch than females. To the best of our knowledge, this male-female aortic arch laterality difference in patients with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome has not been previously noted.

PMID:36214167 | DOI:10.1177/00099228221127730

Eur J Ophthalmol. 2022 Oct 9:11206721221131131. doi: 10.1177/11206721221131131. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Clinicians play a key role in prescribing contact lenses that best suited for fitting which materials had an impact on ocular surface parameters. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact on symptomatology, tear film dynamics and ocular surface integrity of a silicone-hydrogel (Somofilcon-A) and a hydrogel (Omafilcon-A) lens before and after wearing for one week in contact lens neophyte participants.

METHODS: A Somofilcon-A and Omafilcon-A were randomly fitted to one or other the eye on an initial group of 28 participants. Subjects were scheduled for three sessions: basal session previous fitting, second session after 4-wear hours, and final session after 7-wear days for up to 10 h. In each session, CLDEQ-8, tear meniscus height and hyperemia with and without lenses, as well as lipid layer thickness and corneal/conjunctival staining without lenses were assessed. Values were compared between lenses and sessions.

RESULTS: In intrasession comparison, there were no differences in any parameter between materials on any session with or without lenses (all p≥0.176), except on the conjunctival staining where values obtained during Somofilcon-A wear (all p ≤ 0.006). In intersession analysis, CLDEQ-8 score, tear meniscus height and lipid layer thickness showed a statistical difference during both materials wear (all p ≤ 0.009), while conjunctival hyperemia does not (p = 0.237); corneal staining showed differences during Omafilcon-A wear (p = 0.037), contrary to conjunctival staining which showed differences only during Somofilcon-A wear (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Contact lenses wear had an impact on ocular parameters that have some specific influences of the material on which lenses were manufactured.

PMID:36214157 | DOI:10.1177/11206721221131131

Arch Esp Urol. 2022 Sep;75(7):655-662. doi: 10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20227507.95.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Radiotherapeutic treatment of prostate cancer has been validated in terms of efficacy, but its relationship with the occurrence of second pelvic primary malignancy and the relevance of radio-induced toxicity is still under debate. This study analyses the occurrence of second pelvic primary malignancy as well as morbidity secondary to radiotherapy treatment in patients treated for prostate cancer.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective consecutive descriptive study of 317 patients who received radiotherapy treatment for prostate cancer between 2007 and 2017. Predictor variables, side effects and the appearance of second pelvic primary malignancy during a maximum follow-up of 10 years were collected. We analyse whether there is a significant relationship in the appearance of second pelvic primary malignancy and describe the clinical toxicity presented by the patients.

RESULTS: The median age was 62.27 years and the most commonly employed treatment modality was brachytherapy with IMRT (60%). 17 patients (5.4%) developed a second pelvic primary malignancy, with a median time to onset of 58 and 25 months for bladder and colon tumours, respectively. Local recurrence and mortality rates are 8% and 7%, respectively. Statistically significant association is demonstrated for the occurrence of second pelvic primary malignancy and for chronic radioinduced toxicity according to type of radiotherapy χ² (4) = 16.34; p = 0.003 and χ² (1) = 6.47; p = 0.011 respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: In our series, the occurrence of a second pelvic primary malignancy is statistically associated with the modality of radiotherapy administered and occurrence of chronic adverse effects.

PMID:36214149 | DOI:10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20227507.95

Arch Esp Urol. 2022 Sep;75(7):630-637. doi: 10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20227507.91.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Knowing the incidence of prostate cancer in Salamanca and its evolution, as well as the age at diagnosis and its evolution. In addition, analyzing the mortality from prostate cancer in the province of Salamanca.

METHODS: Descriptive and analytical, longitudinal and retrospective observational study. From the collection of data from the Pathological Anatomy service and the Clinical Documentation service of the Hospital Complex of Salamanca a database was developed for the calculation of incidence rates. The information collected on mortality was obtained through the National Institute of Statistics. For regression analysis, segmented “jointpoint” models were developed.

RESULTS: 2676 males diagnosed with prostate cancer were recorded in the province of Salamanca (period 2006-2015). The risk of prostate cancer up to age 74 in 2006 was 6.23%, almost double in 2010. The evolution of mortality rates adjusted to the European population in the province of Salamanca during the period 2006-2015 showed a slight decrease.

CONCLUSIONS: In general, Prostate cancer incidence rates increased progressively over the years studied, similar to Spain’s overall rates. These rates increased as age progressed. In general, our incidence rates were lower than those reported by the provinces of northern Spain (except Vizcaya) and higher than those recorded by the provinces of southern Spain. In Europe, our rate was surpassed by countries in northern and western Europe and lower than countries in southern and eastern Europe, and part of central Europe. Countries like U.S.A had rates higher than ours, while Canada accounted for a similar rate. On the other hand, mortality rates remained stable during the middle of the study period, suffering from then on a non-statistically significant anual decrease.

PMID:36214145 | DOI:10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20227507.91

Arch Esp Urol. 2022 Sep;75(7):624-629. doi: 10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20227507.90.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of 4 different analgesic regimens that include music and nitrous oxide during the treatment of renal lithiasis with ambulatory extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-centre, longitudinal, prospective, randomized, open and parallel group study was conducted. Patients with renal lithiasis were included and were randomized to Group A (basal analgesia: midazolam (1 mg), fentanyl (0.05 mg) and dexketoprofen (50 mg)), Group B (basal analgesia and nitrous oxide), Group C (basal analgesia and music) and Group D (basal analgesia, nitrous oxide and music). For the measurement of pain, a visual analogue scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 100 (maximum pain imaginable) was used. Patient satisfaction was assessed using a Likert questionnaire. The epidemiological data of the patients in terms of lithiasis, previous clinical and ESWL sessions, and pain measured with the VAS before, during (maximum) at the end of the session and at discharge were recorded. Data on complications were also collected, as was the patients’ subjective evaluation of the treatment and their satisfaction. The ESWL procedure was performed with a Storz Modulith SLX-F2® lithotripter. A maximum of 4000 waves were applied at a frequency of 1.5 Hz.

RESULTS: Eighty patients were included (20 per group). None of the analgesia guidelines proved to be superior to the others for pain control during the ESWL session. Patients younger than 50 years had significantly higher values for the maximum VAS. Only 13.75% of patients required rescue analgesia. A total of 77.5% described their experience as good, very good or excellent, regardless of the assigned group.

CONCLUSIONS: The addition of nitrous oxide and/or music did not result in a statistically significant improvement over the basal analgesia regimen of midazolam, fentanyl and dexketoprofen; however, the degree of patient satisfaction was very high.

PMID:36214144 | DOI:10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20227507.90