Tag: statistics

J Sci Food Agric. 2022 Sep 28. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.12241. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The spirit drinks industry is one of the largest in the world. Fruit distillates require adequate analysis methods combined with statistical tools to build differentiation models, according to distinct criteria (geographical and botanical origin, producers’ fingerprint, respectively). Over time a database of alcoholic beverages fingerprint can be generated, being very important for products safety and their authenticity control.

RESULTS: To control the distillates’ geographical origin, LDA revealed that the cross-validation classification was correct for 88.2% of samples, but PLS-DA was slightly better suitable for this purpose, with a correct classification rate of 91.2%. LDA effectiveness was proven for the trademark fingerprint differentiation, which was achieved at 93.5%, compared to 89.1% for PLS-DA. The principal predictors obtained by LDA were the same both for geographical origin and producer differentiation: B, δ¹³ C, Na, Cu, Ca and Be, highlighting the fact that in the production process of distillates, each producer used fruits coming from respective specific region. Through PLS-DA, some of the discrimination markers were the same for geographical origin and producers identification, but others were completely specific: the Rare Earth Elements Eu and Er only for geographical origin differentiation, and Cu solely as predictor for producer’s identification. Regarding distillates fruit variety, the correct discrimination rates of plum spirits from the rest were 84.2% for PLS-DA, and 63% for LDA.

CONCLUSION: LDA and PLS-DA were suitable for differentiation models development of fruits spirits according to geographical region, producer and the fruit variety based on isotopic and elemental fingerprint. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:36168887 | DOI:10.1002/jsfa.12241

Paediatr Anaesth. 2022 Sep 28. doi: 10.1111/pan.14561. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Plethysmographic Variability Index (PVI) can be measured by both finger and forehead probes. Vasoconstriction may jeopardize the reliability of finger PVI measurements in pediatric patients undergoing surgery. However, forehead vasculature exhibits more marked resistance to alterations in the vasomotor tonus.

OBJECTIVE: To compare PVI measured via finger or forehead probes in mechanically ventilated pediatric surgery patients in terms of their ability to predict fluid responsiveness as well as to determine the best cut-off values for these two measurements.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 pediatric patients undergoing minor elective surgery were included after provision of parental consent and ethics committee approval. Perfusion index measured at the finger or forehead and PVI monitoring comprised the primary assessments. Hemodynamic parameters monitored included perfusion index, PVI, and cardiac output. A ≥ 15% increase in cardiac output following passive leg raise maneuver was considered to show fluid responsiveness. Two groups were defined based on fluid responsiveness: Group R (responsive) and Group NR (non-responsive). Student’s t test, Mann-Whitney U test, DeLong test and ROC were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: The area under curve for finger and forehead PVI prior to passive leg raise maneuver were 0.699 (p=0.011) and 0.847 (p < 0.001), respectively. The sensitivity for finger and forehead measurements at a cut-off value of ≤ 14% were 92.9% and 96.4%, and 45.4% and 72.7%, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Although forehead and finger PVI monitoring were similarly sensitive in predicting fluid responsiveness in pediatric surgical patients, the former method provided higher specificity. The best cut-off value for PVI measurements with forehead and finger probes was found to be 14%.

PMID:36168810 | DOI:10.1111/pan.14561

Epilepsia. 2022 Sep 28. doi: 10.1111/epi.17422. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to determine the effect of intrauterine CBZ exposure on fetal bone development during pregnancy.

METHODS: In the study, 24 female pregnancy rats were used: Wistar. Rats were 20 weeks old. They have an average body weight of 150-200 grams. Pregnancy rats were randomly selected and divided (n=6) into control group, low dose CBZ (10 mg/kg/day) group, medium dose CBZ (25 mg/kg/day) group and high dose CBZ (50 mg/kg/day) group. The ossification length (mm) and ossification area (mm2) of the long bones of the fetuses in the experimental and control groups were calculated. The densities of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were analyzed. The ossification regions of the femurs of the fetuses were examined under a light microscope. Microstructural images of the femurs were evaluated with scanning electron microscope photographs. The densities of minerals involved in the ossification process were analyzed.

RESULTS: According to the results of the study, all three doses of CBZ caused loss of ossification areas and it was observed that this bone loss also increased statistically significantly depending on the dose increase (p<0.05). Calcium concentration decreased in the CBZ groups. When the electron microscope images were examined, it was determined that the cartilage matrix of the CBZ groups was thinned. In the histological evaluation of the groups, narrowing of the primary bone collar and smaller bone spicules in the ossification region compared to the control group were noted due to the increase in dose in the CBZ groups. In immunohistochemical staining; ıt was observed that the TRAP and AP expression values ​​of the femurs were the lowest in the CBZ groups. These decreases were also statistically significant when compared with the control group.

SIGNIFICANCE: As a result, it was revealed with both microscopic and macroscopic findings that exposure to intrauterine CBZ negatively affected ossification and bone growth.

PMID:36168801 | DOI:10.1111/epi.17422

Proc Biol Sci. 2022 Sep 28;289(1983):20221311. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1311. Epub 2022 Sep 28.

ABSTRACT

Behavioural needs are highly motivated actions critical to a species survival and reproduction. Prolonged restriction of these behaviours can lead to stereotypic behaviours (SB) in captive animals, and this is particularly common in ungulate species. While risk factors for SB have been suggested for some ungulates, no study has integrated these findings to identify which aspects of ungulates’ wild behavioural biology and captive husbandry are potential drivers for SB across this clade. We collated SB data from 15 236 individuals across 38 ungulate species from 95 sources, and determined species wild/free-ranging behaviour from 559 additional studies. Bayesian-phylogenetic statistical methods showed that ungulate behavioural needs relating to foraging and mating are particularly affected by captive environments, with promiscuous and browsing species showing the greatest prevalence of SB. Concentrate-only diets and lack of ad libitum feed substrates were also associated with high SB prevalence. This study identifies which ungulates are better suited to captive environments and which species require targeted husbandry, enrichment and breeding protocols in order to meet their behavioural needs. Our approach of applying Bayesian-phylogenetic inference to factors influencing SB within a clade can be used to identify other intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors of reduced animal health and welfare.

PMID:36168756 | DOI:10.1098/rspb.2022.1311

J Health Psychol. 2022 Sep 28:13591053221125992. doi: 10.1177/13591053221125992. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Vaccine rumors on social media endanger public health. This study examined how evidence types influenced perceived persuasiveness and relevance and engagement intentions of vaccine rumors. We conducted a 2 (evidence type: anecdotes vs. anecdotal statistics) × 2 (stance: pro-vaccine rumor vs. anti-vaccine rumor) online experiment (N = 551) and surveyed participants’ health literacy and vaccine knowledge. Anecdotal statistics were perceived as more relevant than anecdotes and indirectly influenced perceived persuasiveness and behavior intentions. This finding was confirmed when vaccine rumors were pro-attitudinal. Health literacy positively predicted perceived persuasiveness; health knowledge negatively predicted relevance and behavior intentions. Practical implications and future research directions are discussed.

PMID:36168751 | DOI:10.1177/13591053221125992

Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2022 Sep 28:1-19. doi: 10.1080/10803548.2022.2127244. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Rubberwood manufacturing has a wide range of occupational safety hazards. Workers’ safety behaviors are substandard. This quasi-experimental study aimed to (1) determine the factors affecting safety behaviors using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and (2) compare the effects of safety intervention programs on workers’ behaviors.

METHODS: The sample consisted of workers from a rubberwood-processing factory. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to validate the TPB constructs. The constructs were also analyzed before and after the interventions using structural equation modelling to confirm the observed variables. The interventions included conducting job safety analysis, establishing safety standard operation procedures, and launching a behavioral promotion campaign. A t-test was used to compare the constructs’ intervention effects.

RESULTS: The structural equation model adequately fitted the data and confirmed that the constructs were aligned with TPB. Most path coefficients were statistically significant after the interventions were implemented. ‘Attitude’ and ‘perceived behavioral control’ directly and significantly affected ‘intention.’ ‘Intention’ was an essential mediator to ‘behaviors.’ The improvement in workers’ behaviors was evident.

CONCLUSIONS: According to the TPB, safety program interventions helped enhance workers’ behaviors. Hence, based on participatory approaches, sustainable safety interventions should be maintained for all levels of personnel in the organization.

PMID:36168750 | DOI:10.1080/10803548.2022.2127244

Hand (N Y). 2022 Sep 27:15589447221122825. doi: 10.1177/15589447221122825. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Distal radius fractures often present with a 3-part articular fragmentation pattern, with separation of the dorsal and volar lunate fossa. The column concept of distal radius fixation addresses the importance of stabilizing both the scaphoid fossa lateral column and the lunate fossa intermediate column. Recent evidence strengthens the value of immediate postoperative mobilization. Satisfactory outcomes following these protocols are predicated on volar locking plates (VLPs) providing adequate stability to the fracture repair. We hypothesize that a VLP which individually supports both lateral and intermediate distal radius columns may provide comparable stability between articular and non-articular cadaveric fracture models under parameters meant to simulate postoperative loading.

METHODS: Eleven cadaveric matched pair specimens were randomized to receive a simulated AO Type A2 non-articular distal radius fracture on one side with an AO Type C3 articular fracture on the contralateral side. Stiffness during cyclic loading was compared between fracture groups. A matched-paired Student t-test was used to determine statistical significance (P = .05).

RESULTS: There were no significant differences (P = .35) in stiffness between the articular models (mean 370.0 N/mm, +/-93.5) and the non-articular models (360.4 N/mm, +/-60.0) of distal radius fracture.

CONCLUSION: A VLP that individually supports the scaphoid and lunate fossa with fixed angle subchondral support may provide comparable fixation strength with resistance to displacement between articular and non-articular fracture patterns. The current results suggest that fossa-specific VLP fixation in articular fractures can maintain construct stability during postoperative loading.

PMID:36168723 | DOI:10.1177/15589447221122825

Cardiol Young. 2022 Sep 28:1-6. doi: 10.1017/S1047951122003067. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The optimal timing of surgical repair for infants with complete atrioventricular canal defect remains controversial, as there are risks to both early and late repair. We address this debate by investigating the association of various risk factors, including age and weight at surgery, markers of failure to thrive, and pulmonary vascular disease, with postoperative length of stay following complete atrioventricular canal repair.

METHODS: Infants who underwent repair of complete atrioventricular canal were identified from our institutional Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database. Additional clinical data were collected from the electronic medical record. Descriptive statistics were computed. Associations between postoperative length of stay and covariates of interest were evaluated using linear regression with bootstrap aggregation.

RESULTS: From 2001 to 2020, 150 infants underwent isolated complete atrioventricular canal repair at our institution. Pre-operative failure to thrive and evidence of pulmonary disease were common. Surgical mortality was 2%. In univariable analysis, neither weight nor age at surgery were associated with mortality, postoperative length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, or post-operative severe valvular regurgitation. In multivariable analysis of demographic and preoperative clinical factors using bootstrap aggregation, increased postoperative length of stay was only significantly associated with previous pulmonary artery banding (33.9 day increase, p = 0.03) and preoperative use of supplemental oxygen (19.9 day increase, p = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis shows that previous pulmonary artery banding and preoperative use of supplemental oxygen were associated with increased postoperative length of stay after complete atrioventricular canal repair, whereas age and weight were not. These findings suggest operation prior to the onset of pulmonary involvement may be more important than reaching age or weight thresholds.

PMID:36168722 | DOI:10.1017/S1047951122003067

J Int Med Res. 2022 Sep;50(9):3000605221126657. doi: 10.1177/03000605221126657.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlations between clinical, functional, and radiological outcomes in inpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

METHODS: In this observational study, we recruited inpatients affected by moderate COVID-19 disease. The clinical evaluation comprised the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS), numerical rating scale (NRS), modified Rankin scale (mRS), and the modified Borg dyspnea scale (mBDS). Respiratory involvement was assessed with computed tomography (CT) and graded with a CT-severity score (CT-SS). We retrospectively assessed functioning using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) codes of the Clinical Functioning Information Tool (ClinFIT) COVID-19 in the acute phase. Correlation analysis was performed 1) between clinical, instrumental, and functional parameters and 2) between ICF categories.

RESULTS: The data showed statistically significant moderate correlations between CT-SS and the following categories: b152 “emotional functions” and b440 “respiratory functions”.

CONCLUSION: This is the first study to use the ICF framework in people with a moderate form of COVID-19 in the acute phase. Considering the correlations between some ICF categories and radiological findings, our results support the use of the ClinFIT COVID-19 for a comprehensive assessment of COVID-19 patients.

PMID:36168714 | DOI:10.1177/03000605221126657

Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2022;122(9):104-109. doi: 10.17116/jnevro2022122091104.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the cerebral hemodynamics and executive functioning in patients with alcohol use disorders.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 58 patients with alcohol use disorders aged 30 to 55 years and 40 healthy controls. Rheoencephalography was used to detect cerebrovascular changes. Executive functioning was assessed using the Go-No-Go, Corsi, and Color Stroop tests.

RESULTS: Patients with alcohol use disorders have higher values of the tone of resistive vessels and medium – caliber arteries, as well as lower indicators of volumetric pulse blood filling and elastic properties of the main arteries in both right and left leads compared with the controls (p≤0.003). Patients with alcohol dependence had lower rates in all studied cognitive tests compared to the norm (p≤0.011). We also found statistically significant correlations between the studied parameters in patients with alcohol use disorders: a decrease in volumetric pulse blood filling correlated with impaired psychomotor response in the Go-No-Go task (errors on the Go signal) (rs=-0.36; p=0.048), as well as cognitive flexibility in the Stroop test (rs=-0.40; p=0.024).

CONCLUSION: Disturbances of the psychomotor reaction and cognitive flexibility in alcohol dependence are due to the regional changes (decrease) in cerebral blood flow, as well as to a decrease in the elasticity of the wall of cerebral vessels.

PMID:36168694 | DOI:10.17116/jnevro2022122091104