Tag: statistics

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Oct 11. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-23434-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Today, most of people’s time is spent indoors. Air pollution indoors is much higher than outdoors. Therefore, the effect of indoor air on human health is much more than the outside air. One of the most effective methods of reducing indoor air pollution is the use of plants. However, in order for the plants to be used effectively for this purpose, it is first necessary to determine which plants are the most effective in reducing which pollutants. Within the scope of this study, the Al accumulation potential of seven ornamental plants, which are frequently used in interior architectural designs, was evaluated. Within the scope of the study, the variation of Al concentrations on the basis of species and environment was determined in plants grown in control, smoking environment, and traffic environment. As a result of the study, it was determined that Al concentrations changed statistically significantly both on the basis of environment and species, and the species with the highest Al accumulation potential was difenbahya.

PMID:36219289 | DOI:10.1007/s11356-022-23434-6

Insights Imaging. 2022 Oct 11;13(1):165. doi: 10.1186/s13244-022-01302-8.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between adipose tissue distribution and early allograft dysfunction (EAD) in liver transplantation (LT) recipients.

METHODS: A total of 175 patients who received LT from April 2015 to September 2020 were enrolled in this retrospective study. The areas of abdominal adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of all patients were measured based on the preoperative CT images. The appropriate statistical methods including the propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis were performed to identify the association between adipose tissue distribution and EAD.

RESULTS: Of 175 LT recipients, 55 patients (31.4%) finally developed EAD. The multivariate logistic analysis revealed that preoperative serum albumin (odds ratio (OR) 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17-0.70), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.18-4.79), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.56-6.43) were independent associated with EAD. After PSM analysis, VAT area was still significantly associated with EAD (OR 3.95, 95% CI 1.16-13.51). In survival analysis, no significant difference was identified in one-year graft failure (log-rank: p = 0.487), and conversely result was identified in overall survival (OS) (log-rank: p = 0.012; hazard ratio (HR) 4.10, 95% CI 1.27-13.16).

CONCLUSIONS: LT recipients with high VAT area have higher risk for the occurrence of EAD, and high VAT area might have certain clinical value for predicting the poor OS of patients. For LT candidates with large amount of VAT, the clinicians can take clinical interventions by suggesting physical and nutritional treatments to improve outcomes after LT.

PMID:36219263 | DOI:10.1186/s13244-022-01302-8

Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2022 Oct 11. doi: 10.1007/s00423-022-02701-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The choice for an ideal site of specimen extraction following laparoscopic colorectal surgery remains debatable. However, midline incision (MI) is usually employed for right and left-sided colonic resections while left iliac fossa or suprapubic transverse incision (STI) were reserved for sigmoid and rectal cancer resections.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) and incisional hernia (IH) in elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery for cancer and specimen extraction via MI or STI.

METHOD: Prospectively collected data of elective laparoscopic colorectal cancer resections between January 2017 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. MI was employed for right and left-sided colonic resections while STI was used for sigmoid and rectal resections. SSI is defined according to the US CDC criteria. IH was diagnosed clinically and confirmed by CT scan at 1 year.

RESULTS: A total of 168 patients underwent elective laparoscopic colorectal resections. MI was used in 90 patients while 78 patients had STI as an extraction site. Demographic and preoperative data is similar for two groups. The rate of IH was 13.3% for MI and 0% in the STI (p = 0.001). SSI was seen in 16.7% of MI vs 11.5% of STI (p = 0.34). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the choice of extraction site is associated with statistically significant higher incisional hernia rate.

CONCLUSION: MI for specimen extraction is associated with higher incidence of both SSI and IH. The choice of incision for extraction site is an independent predicative factor for significantly higher IH and increased SSI rates.

PMID:36219253 | DOI:10.1007/s00423-022-02701-7

Neuroradiology. 2022 Oct 11. doi: 10.1007/s00234-022-03061-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the alterations of topological organization of the whole brain functional networks in hypertension patients with cognitive impairment (HTN-CI) and characterize its relationship with cognitive scores.

METHODS: Fifty-seven hypertension patients with cognitive impairment and 59 hypertension patients with normal cognition (HTN-NC), and 49 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Graph theoretical analysis was used to investigate the altered topological organization of the functional brain networks. The global topological properties and nodal metrics were compared among the three groups. Network-based statistic (NBS) analysis was used to determine the connected subnetwork. The relationships between network metrics and cognitive scores were also characterized.

RESULTS: HTN-CI patients exhibited significantly decreased global efficiency, lambda, and increased shortest path length when compared with HCs. In addition, both HTN-CI and HTN-NC groups exhibited altered nodal degree centrality and nodal efficiency in the right precentral gyrus. The disruptions of global network metrics (lambda, Lp) and the nodal metrics (degree centrality and nodal efficiency) in the right precentral gyrus were positively correlated with the MoCA scores in HTN-CI. NBS analysis demonstrated that decreased subnetwork connectivity was present both in the HTN-CI and HTN-NC groups, which were mainly involved in the default mode network, frontoparietal network, and cingulo-opercular network.

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the alterations of topographical organization and subnetwork connectivity of functional brain networks in HTN-CI. In addition, the global and nodal network properties were correlated with cognitive scores, which may provide useful insights for the understanding of neuropsychological mechanisms underlying HTN-CI.

PMID:36219250 | DOI:10.1007/s00234-022-03061-1

World J Urol. 2022 Oct 11. doi: 10.1007/s00345-022-04181-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: A prospective case-control study was conducted to evaluate glycogen deposition within the detrusor and its correlation with the urodynamic findings in patients with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) due to benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from 50 patients with BPH (Study Group) and 20 controls (Control Group) were analyzed. BOO was confirmed by pressure-flow studies. The main outcome was glycogen deposition within the bladder wall. Bladder tissue biopsies were obtained from all patients, and histological assessment of the detrusor glycogen content was performed using Periodate Acid Schiff’s (PAS) stain. The obtained glycogen score ranged from 0 (no staining of glycogen granules) to 3 (staining of glycogen granules within the detrusor adjacent to the urothelium).

RESULTS: Fifty patients and 20 controls were included. Increased glycogen deposition was observed in 37 (74%) and 2 (10%) patients in the Study and Control Group, respectively (p < 0.01, OR 25.6, 95% CI 5.2-125.8). In the subgroup analysis, no statistically significant difference was found between glycogen deposition score and IPSS, maximum detrusor pressure at maximum flow (PdetQmax) and duration of LUTS. In multivariate logistic regression, history of retention was the only variable which could predict high glycogen deposition (p = 0.019).

CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate increased detrusor glycogen deposition in patients with BOO due to BPH, but the amount of deposition did not seem to correlate with symptom severity and duration or urodynamic findings.

PMID:36219231 | DOI:10.1007/s00345-022-04181-2

Autism Res. 2022 Oct;15(10):1941-1960. doi: 10.1002/aur.2788. Epub 2022 Aug 8.

ABSTRACT

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous pollutants that are associated with altered neurodevelopment and various neurodevelopmental disorders. However, studies evaluating internal biomarkers of PAH exposure in reference to the severity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptomology and autistic behaviors are scarce. Hence, we conducted a case-control study evaluating 12 urinary hydroxylated PAH metabolites (i.e., hydroxy-PAHs) in 101 children with autism and 101 neurotypical children, matching according to sex and age in a 1:1 ratio. In children with ASD, the severity of symptomology and autistic behaviors were assessed using the child autism rating scale (CARS) and the autism behavior checklist (ABC). We found that urinary levels of nine of the hydroxy-PAHs were statistically significantly higher in the ASD group, with the exception of 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-OHNap) and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene (4-OHPhe). Moreover, urinary hydroxy-PAH levels were associated with ASD risk, with odds ratios ranging from 1.86 to 17.19. Exposures to 1-hydroxynaphthalene (1-OHNap, β = 3.32), hydroxyphenanthrenes (1/2/3 + 9-OHPhes, β = 3.41-5.12), 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-Pyr; β = 3.91), 2-hydroxybenzofuran (2-OHDBF; β = 3.93), and ∑OH-PAHs (β = 4.67) were positively associated with CARS scores after adjusting for covariates (all p < 0.05). When applying the ABC scale, 1-OHPyr levels were positively associated with ABC total scores (β = 18.54), with the strongest associations evidenced in regard to the social relatedness (β = 6.51) and language domains (β = 6.51) (all p < 0.05). Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) showed consistent positive exposure responses for 1-OHNap, 1-OHPhe, and 3 + 9-OHPhe levels in regard to CARS scores, and for 1-OHPyr levels in regard to ABC total scores. Our findings suggest that children with ASD may have higher urinary levels of hydroxy-PAHs, and that these biomarker levels are associated with an increased odds of ASD, an increased severity of autism symptomology, and increased autistic behaviors in children with autism. LAY SUMMARY: We conducted an epidemiologic study evaluating the associations of urinary hydroxy-PAH levels with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), autism symptomology, and autistic behaviors. We found that urinary hydroxy-PAHs were statistically significantly associated with ASD. We note strong statistically significant associations between 1-OHNap, 1-OHPhe, and 3 + 9-OHPhe levels and increased severity of autism symptomology, as well as a strong statistically significant association between 1-OHPyr levels and behavioral characteristics within the social and linguistic domains. This work, if confirmed, will contribute to the future development of diagnostics for children with mild autism, as well as to environmental measures to promote the health and wellbeing of children with autism spectrum disorders.

PMID:36218012 | DOI:10.1002/aur.2788

J Card Surg. 2022 Oct 11. doi: 10.1111/jocs.17006. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The optimal therapeutic strategy for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) accompanied by mesenteric malperfusion syndrome (mMPS) has not been fully elucidated. The intent of this meta-analysis was to analyze the effectiveness and safety of the revascularization-first strategy among patients with ATAAD complicated with mMPS through comprehensive comparisons with the central repair-first strategy.

METHODS: Studies relevant to the comparison of the outcomes of early reperfusion combined with delayed proximal aortic repair and initial central repair in the treatment of ATAAD complicated with mMPS, were systematacially searched using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase up to June 30, 2022. And the primary outcome was early mortality, with mesenteric complications, adverse aortic events and hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) time served as the secondary outcomes. Screening of the relevant studies, data extraction, and assessment of the included studies were conducted by two authors independently. Standard statistical procedures provided in Review Manager 5.3 were used to perform all statistical analyses.

RESULTS: Five studies comprising 72 patients in total were included into the quantitative synthesis. In-hospital/30-day mortality was significantly reduced in patients receiving the revascularization-first strategy than in those with the central repair-first strategy, with a pooled risk ratio (RR) of 0.46 (p = .04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22-0.95). The revascularization-first strategy resulted in a lower incidence of mesenteric complications compared with the central repair-first strategy, with a pooled RR of 0.15 (p = .0002, 95% CI: 0.05-0.41). Moreover, no significant difference was found in the comparison of the revascularization-first strategy and central repair-first strategy regarding adverse aortic events (p = .31, 95% CI: 0.44-12.78). Compared with central repair-first, a longer HCA time was observed in revascularization-first with mean difference of 9.91 (p = .02, 95% CI: 1.34-18.48).

CONCLUSIONS: The revascularization-first strategy presented a lower in-hospital/30-day mortality and mesenteric complications than the central repair-first strategy without increasing the incidence of adverse aortic events. However, the revascularization-first strategy indicated a longer HCA time than the central repair-first strategy.

PMID:36217990 | DOI:10.1111/jocs.17006

Int Marit Health. 2022;73(3):125-132. doi: 10.5603/IMH.2022.0025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Occupation plays a major role in the well-being of an individual and has an influence on oral health. Fishing is one such occupation that entails a lot of physical labour and encourages habits that lead to poor oral health. Therefore, it is critical to shed light on the oral health of this isolated population to improve their quality of life by various means. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the prevalence of dental caries, oral hygiene status and treatment needs of fisherman and non-fisherman population in South Goa, India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study design was cross-sectional in nature. After a pilot study, multi-stage random sampling technique was employed and 400 study participants were recruited. World Health Organization Oral Health Assessment Form (1997) and Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S) were used to record the study variables. Inter-examiner reliability assessed using Kappa statistics were found to be 90% and 88%, respectively. The data was analysed using descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and linear and logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS: Fishermen had significantly higher caries prevalence (82%) and poor oral hygiene (46%) than non- -fishermen. Extraction (42.2%) and pulp care (23.6%) were the highest treatment need among fishermen. They were 2.08 times more prone to dental caries than non-fishermen. Fishermen who used a toothbrush were 4.5 times less susceptible to caries. The dependence of caries prevalence and OHI-S score on occupation, oral hygiene aid and age were 14% and 25.8%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Fishermen in South Goa had high caries prevalence, poor oral hygiene status and they required extensive dental treatment when compared to non-fishermen.

PMID:36217972 | DOI:10.5603/IMH.2022.0025

Hum Mutat. 2022 Oct 11. doi: 10.1002/humu.24481. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Psychiatric disorders have a polygenic architecture, often associated with dozens or hundreds of independent genomic loci. Most associated loci impact non-coding regions of the genome, suggesting that the majority of disease heritability originates from the disruption of regulatory sequences. While most research has focused on variants that modify regulatory DNA elements, those affecting cis-acting RNA sequences, such as miRNA binding sites, are also likely to have a significant impact. We intersected genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics with the dbMTS database of predictions for miRNA binding site variants (MBSVs). We compared the distributions of MBSV association statistics to non-MBSVs within brain-expressed 3’UTR regions. We aggregated GWAS p-values at the gene, pathway, and miRNA family levels to investigate cellular functions and miRNA families strongly associated with each trait. We performed these analyses in several psychiatric disorders as well as non-psychiatric traits for comparison. We observed significant enrichment of MBSVs in schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, and anorexia nervosa, particularly in genes targeted by several miRNA families, including miR-335-5p, miR-21-5p/590-5p, miR-361-5p, and miR-557, and a nominally significant association between miR-323b-3p MBSVs and schizophrenia risk. We identified evidence for association between MBSVs in synaptic gene sets in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We also observed significant association of MBSVs in other complex traits including type 2 diabetes. These observations support the role of miRNA in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders and suggest that MBSVs are an important class of regulatory variants that have functional implications for many disorders, as well as other complex human traits. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:36217923 | DOI:10.1002/humu.24481

Analyst. 2022 Oct 11. doi: 10.1039/d2an01222g. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Recent advancements in anatomical imaging of tumours as treatment targets have led to improvements in RT. However, it is unlikely that improved anatomical imaging alone will be the sole driver for new advances in personalised RT. Biochemically based radiobiological information is likely to be required for next-generation improvements in the personalisation of radiotherapy dose prescriptions to individual patients. In this paper, we use Raman spectroscopy (RS), an optical technique, to monitor individual biochemical response to radiation within a tumour microenvironment. We spatially correlate individual biochemical responses to augmentatively derived hypoxic maps within the tumour microenvironment. Furthermore, we pair RS with a data analytical framework combining (i) group and basis restricted non-negative matrix factorization (GBR-NMF), (ii) a random forest (RF) classifier, (iii) and a feature metric importance calculation method, Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), in order to ascertain the relative importance of individual biochemicals in describing the overall biological response as observed with RS. The current study found that the GBR-NMF-RF-SHAP model helped identify a wide range of radiation response biomarkers and hypoxia indicators (e.g., glycogen, lipids, DNA, amino acids) in H460 human lung cancer cells and H460 xenografts. Correlations between the hypoxic regions and Raman chemical biomarkers (e.g., glycogen, alanine, and arginine) were also identified in H460 xenografts. To summarize, GBR-NMF-RF-SHAP combined with RS can be applied to monitor the RT-induced biochemical response within cellular and tissue environments. Individual biochemicals were identified that (i) contributed to overall biological response to radiation, and (ii) spatially correlated with hypoxic regions of the tumour. RS combined with our analytical pipeline shows promise for further understanding of individual biochemical dynamics in radiation response for use in cancer therapy.

PMID:36217911 | DOI:10.1039/d2an01222g