Rev Med Virol. 2021 Aug 27:e2286. doi: 10.1002/rmv.2286. Online ahead of print.
NO ABSTRACT
PMID:34449945 | DOI:10.1002/rmv.2286
Tag: statistics
J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021 Aug 27. doi: 10.1111/jocd.14400. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Midface rejuvenation is an important component of overall facial rejuvenation. Traditionally, midfacial skin laxity and volume loss have been addressed with surgical midfacial lifting and soft tissue augmentation with dermal fillers. We present a novel noninvasive approach to midface rejuvenation with a bipolar fractionated radiofrequency (FRF) device that addresses both volume loss and improves skin laxity.
METHODS: An institutional review board-approved retrospective review was performed and included subjects who received midfacial treatment with a bipolar FRF device. Follow-up photographs were objectively assessed by a blinded evaluator using a validated scale, the Facial Laxity Rating Scale. Paired t tests were used to evaluate the results for statistical significance.
RESULTS: A total of 15 subjects were included in the study. The average age was 64 and ranged from 48 to 73. The average midface laxity score prior to treatment was 5.6 and post-treatment was 6.3 (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Bipolar FRF is a promising noninvasive intervention for midface rejuvenation.
PMID:34449948 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.14400
Phytother Res. 2021 Aug 27. doi: 10.1002/ptr.7252. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
A systematic review and a meta-analytic approach were considered to investigate the effects of lemon balm as a medicinal herb on anxiety and depression in clinical trials and its side effects. All randomized clinical trials published up to October 30, 2020 that examined lemon balm in patients with symptoms of depression or anxiety, with acute or chronic manifestations, were searched in 12 online databases. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan software. Continuous data were analyzed using standardized mean differences. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using Chi2 , I2 , and p value tests. Based on meta-analysis results, lemon balm significantly improved mean anxiety and depression scores compared with the placebo (SMD: -0.98; 95% CI: -1.63 to -0.33; p = 0.003), (SMD: -0.47; 95% CI: -0.73 to -0.21; p = 0.0005) respectively, without serious side effects. Current evidence suggests that lemon balm may be effective in improving anxiety and depressive symptoms, particularly in the acute setting. Due to the high level of heterogeneity between studies, results should be interpreted with caution. The small number of clinical trials and differences between their methods were the limitations of the present study. Further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of the lemon balm.
PMID:34449930 | DOI:10.1002/ptr.7252
Eur J Neurosci. 2021 Aug 27. doi: 10.1111/ejn.15432. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) experience motor and non-motor symptoms, suggesting alterations of the motor and/or limbic system, or more probably of their communications. We hypothesized that the communication between the insula (part of the limbic system) and sensorimotor cortex in PD is altered and hemispheric asymmetric. Furthermore, that this asymmetry relates to non-motor symptoms, and specifically, that apathy-related asymmetry is unique to PD. To test these hypotheses, we used a novel multivariate time-frequency analysis method applied to resting-state functional MRI data of 28 controls and 25 participants with PD measured in their OFF medication state. The analysis infers directionality of coupling, that is, afferent or efferent, among four anatomical regions, thus defining directed pathways of information flow, which enables the extension of symmetry measures to include directionality. A major right asymmetry reduction of the dorsal-posterior insula efferent and a slight bilateral increase of insula afferent pathways were observed in participants with PD versus controls. Between-group pathways that correlated with mild cognitive impairments combined the central-executive and default-mode networks through the right insula. Apathy-correlated pathways of the posterior insula in participants with PD versus controls exhibited reduced right efferent and increased left afferent. Since apathy scores were comparable between the groups and effects of the other motor and non-motor symptoms were statistically removed by the analysis, the differences in apathy-correlated pathways were suggested as unique to PD. These pathways could be predictors in the pre-symptomatic phase in patients with apathy.
PMID:34449938 | DOI:10.1111/ejn.15432
Andrologia. 2021 Aug 27:e14232. doi: 10.1111/and.14232. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Elevated concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the semen can lead to oxidative protein damage as they react with the amino acids’ side chains in the protein, leading to the generation of carbonyl groups. This study aimed to investigate the effect of protein carbonyl (PC) concentration on sperm motility and the laboratory intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes. A total of 150 couples from the ICSI cycle were enrolled in this study and were divided into three groups (G) according to the PC concentration as following, G1 included samples with PC concentrations <0.65 nmol/mg, G2 included samples with 0.65≤PC≤2.23 nmol/mg and G3 included samples with PC>2.23 (nmol/mg). PC concentrations were measured in all semen samples, and the laboratory ICSI outcomes were evaluated for all injected oocytes. The Kruskal-Wallis p-values for the differences in the medians of sperm motility, fertilisation rate, embryo cleavage score and embryo quality score were <0.05. Furthermore, Dunn’s post hoc test showed a significant difference between all groups, p-values <0.05, except for the medians of embryo quality score between G2 and G3. In conclusion, our results showed that sperm motility and laboratory ICSI outcomes are affected negatively by higher concentrations of PC in the semen.
PMID:34449913 | DOI:10.1111/and.14232
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2021 Aug 27. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.13904. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of headache, review variables believed to be associated and assess distress levels in pregnant women.
METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on pregnant women who presented to a Training and Research Hospital in Sakarya, Turkey from 01.06.2020 to 01.12.2020. The study group consisted of 600 pregnant women who agreed to take part in the study. Chi-squared test and Logistic Regression Analysis were used to analyze the data. Statistical significance level was accepted as p ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS: The ages of pregnant women ranged from 19 to 44 with a mean age of 29.01 ± 5.27 years. Prevalence of headache during pregnancy was found to be 55.7% (n=334). The number of pregnant women under the risk of distress was found to be 144 (24.0%). There was no difference between women with and without headache and between severity of headache and prevalence of distress (p>0.05 for each).
CONCLUSION: Headache is an important health issue in pregnant women. There was no relationship between the presence and severity of headache and distress level.
PMID:34449878 | DOI:10.1002/ijgo.13904
Int J Cancer. 2021 Aug 27. doi: 10.1002/ijc.33779. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Epidemiological evidence is consistent with a protective effect of vitamin D against colorectal cancer (CRC), but the observed strong associations are open to confounders and potential reverse causation. Previous Mendelian randomisation (MR) studies were limited by poor genetic instruments and inadequate statistical power. Moreover, whether genetically higher CRC risk can influence vitamin D level, namely the reverse causation, still remains unknown. Herein, we report the first bi-directional MR study. We employed 110 newly-identified genetic variants as proxies for vitamin D to obtain unconfounded effect estimates on CRC risk in 26 397 CRC cases and 41 481 controls of European ancestry. To test for reserve causation, we estimated effects of 115 CRC-risk variants on vitamin D level amongst 417 580 participants from the UK Biobank. The causal association was estimated using the random-effect inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. We found no significant causal effect of vitamin D on CRC risk (IVW estimate OR: 0.97, 95%CI: 0.88-1.07, P = 0.565). Similarly, no significant reverse causal association was identified between genetically increased CRC risk and vitamin D levels (IVW estimate β: -0.002, 95% CI: -0.008 to 0.004, P = 0.543). Stratified analysis by tumour sites did not identify significant causal associations in either direction between vitamin D and colon or rectal cancer. Despite the improved statistical power of this study, we found no evidence of causal association of either direction between circulating vitamin D and CRC risk. Significant associations reported by observational studies may be primarily driven by unidentified confounders.
PMID:34449871 | DOI:10.1002/ijc.33779
Int J Cancer. 2021 Aug 27. doi: 10.1002/ijc.33776. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Worldwide, colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer and third cause of cancer death in women. Estrogen exposure has been inversely associated with colorectal cancer. Oophorectomy reduces circulating estrogen, but the effect on colorectal cancer remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to examine the association between unilateral and bilateral oophorectomy and subsequent risk of colorectal cancer, and whether this association varied by menopausal status at time of oophorectomy, use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) at baseline, hysterectomy and baseline body mass index (BMI). The study included 25 698 female nurses (aged ≥45 years) participating in the Danish Nurse Cohort. Nurses were followed from baseline until date of colorectal cancer, death, emigration or end of follow-up at 31st December 2018, whichever came first. We examined the association between oophorectomy and colorectal cancer (all ages and stratified by menopausal status). The potential modifying effects of hysterectomy, HRT use at baseline and BMI were investigated. During 542 140 person-years of follow-up, 863 (3.4%) nurses were diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Bilateral oophorectomy was associated with a 79% increased colorectal cancer rate, adjusted rate ratio (aRR) (95% confidence interval, CI): 1.79 (1.33; 2.42). Effect estimates following unilateral oophorectomy also showed higher rate of colorectal cancer, although less pronounced and non-statistically significant (aRR) (95% CI): 1.25 (0.86;1.82). Similar results were seen when stratifying by menopausal status. The association was not modified by baseline HRT use, hysterectomy or BMI. Oophorectomy was associated with increased rate of colorectal cancer, with highest rates among women with bilateral oophorectomy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
PMID:34449872 | DOI:10.1002/ijc.33776
Med J (Ft Sam Houst Tex). 2021 Jul-Sep;(PB 8-21-07/08/09):50-56.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Sports injuries are an important non-battle cause of attrition and morbidity among deployed US service members (SMs). Injuries secondary to sport may cause physical disability and prolonged periods of limited duty days. Our objective was to provide a descriptive analysis of sports injuries sustained by US SMs which may assist in the preventive strategies and thereby decrease their burden on the deployed force.
METHODS: Using the Department of Defense Trauma Registry’s (DoDTR) data between October 2001 and December 2018, a retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted. We reported summary statistics of injury characteristics and care provided, stratified by geographic location.
RESULTS: We found 1,578 causalities with sport injuries (4.9% of DoDTR); 1,081 (68.5%) in Iraq and Syria and 497 (31.5%) in Afghanistan. Most casualties had mild injuries (injury severity score: 1-9; n=1,514; 95.9%) and most sustained injuries in the lower extremities (n=741; 47%) followed by upper extremities (n=430; 27.2%). Most injuries were caused by a striking force (n=827; 52.4%) followed by overexertion (n=444; 28.2%), and 512 casualties (32.4%) had a fall incident. About 833 casualties (52.8%) received at least one surgery, and 931 casualties (59%) were hospitalized for two days or more. One casualty died of wound (0.1%).
CONCLUSIONS: Sports injuries continue to be an important source of morbidity and attrition and require disproportional medical attention, relative to their mild severity, representing a significant burden to the deployed health care system and impact combat readiness. Further research addressing the prevention of sports injury among deployed US SMs is needed.
PMID:34449861
Int J Cancer. 2021 Aug 27. doi: 10.1002/ijc.33780. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Chronic inflammation has been associated with the development of lung cancer. In this study, we examined the association between CRP and lung cancer in a prospective cohort study and used Mendelian randomization (MR) to clarify the causality. We included 420 977 participants from the UK Biobank in the analyses; 1892 thereof were diagnosed with lung cancer during the follow-up. Hazards ratios (HRs) of CRP concentrations were estimated by Cox proportional hazard models and two approaches of MR analysis were performed. Besides, we added CRP concentrations to epidemiological model of lung cancer to evaluate its pre-diagnostic role through time-dependent ROC analysis. Elevated CRP levels were associated with a 22% increased lung cancer risk per 1 standard deviation increase (HR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.18 to 1.26). Positive associations were observed in small cell lung cancer (HR= 1.21, 95%CI: 1.10 to 1.33), lung adenocarcinoma (HR=1.17, 95%CI: 1.11 to 1.23) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (HR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.14 to 1.31). No genetical association of circulating CRP levels and lung cancer risk was observed in MR analysis. When added to a risk model of lung cancer, CRP improved the performance of model as long as 8 years among current smokers (basic model: C-statistic=0.78 [95%CI: 0.75 to 0.80]; CRP model: C-statistic=0.79 [95%CI: 0.76 to 0.81]; Pnon-adjusted =0.003, Padjusted =0.014). Our results did not support the causal association of circulating CRP with lung cancer risk. However, circulating CRP could be a pre-diagnostic marker of lung cancer as long as 8 years in advance for current smokers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
PMID:34449869 | DOI:10.1002/ijc.33780