Tag: statistics

Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022 Apr 28. doi: 10.1007/s10006-022-01063-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate using microCT and positron emission tomography (PET) analysis, the influence on bone healing of the placement of particulate autogenous bone in the antrostomy, and in the subjacent region after maxillary sinus elevation with xenograft.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sinus mucosa was elevated in sixteen male New Zealand rabbits and they were both grafted with a collagenated cortico-cancellous porcine bone. The antrostomy and the near subjacent region were filled with either the same xenograft (control site) or with particulate autogenous bone (test site) harvested from the tibia. The antrostomies were covered with collagen membranes. MicroCT (measured in Hounsfield Units) and microPET (kBq/cm³) using sodium fluoride infiltration (¹⁸F-NaF) were performed at the time of euthanasia that was performed after 1 and 8 weeks of healing, using 8 animals in each group. The Wilcoxon test was used for analysis.

RESULTS: At the microCT analysis, after 1 and 8 weeks of healing, no statistically significant differences were found between groups. Bone increased and xenograft decreased significantly between the two periods of healing. At the microPET analysis, the percentage of bone increased significantly over time in both test and control groups and no significant differences were found between groups.

CONCLUSION: The placement of autogenous bone in the antrostomy and the subjacent region after maxillary sinus elevation did not enhance bone formation compared with sites where only xenograft was used. Both microCT and microPET showed increase bone formation over time.

PMID:35482147 | DOI:10.1007/s10006-022-01063-0

Egypt Heart J. 2022 Apr 28;74(1):35. doi: 10.1186/s43044-022-00275-9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Prompt evaluation and treatment of acute coronary syndrome has demonstrated to reduce mortality. Although several biomarkers have been studied for risk stratification and prognostic purposes, none is recommended to guide treatment based on its prognostic value. Copeptin and hepatocyte growth factor have been associated with poor outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The aim of this study is to evaluate the early prognostic value of measurements of copeptin and hepatocyte growth factor for hospital mortality risk and 1-year-follow-up mortality, in patients with acute myocardial infarction. In our retrospective observational study, we measured hepatocyte growth factor and copeptin in blood samples collected at hospital arrival in patients with acute myocardial infarction; and follow-up them until 1-year.

RESULTS: 84 patients with were included in the study, mainly male (65%) with a median age of 70.3 ± 13.56 years. Hospital mortality was 11.9%. Plasma levels of copeptin at hospital arrival were statistically significant higher in patients who died during hospital admission (145.60 pmol/L [52.21-588.50] vs. 24.79 pmol/L [10.90-84.82], p 0.01). However, we found no statistically significant association between plasma levels of hepatocyte growth factor and hospital mortality (381.05 pg/ml [189.95-736.65] vs. 355.24 pg/ml [175.55-521.76], p 0.73). 1-year follow-up mortality was 21.4%. Plasma levels of copeptin at hospital arrival were higher in those patients who died in the following year (112.28 pmol/L [25.10-418.27] vs. 23.82 pmol/L [10.96-77.30], p 0.02). In the case of HGF, we also find no association between hepatocyte growth factor plasma levels and 1 -year follow-up mortality (350.00 pg/ml [175.05-555.08] vs. 345.53 pg/ml [183.68-561.15], p 0.68).

CONCLUSIONS: In patients with acute myocardial infarction measurement of copeptin at hospital arrival could be a useful tool to assess the prognosis of these patients, since their elevation is associated with a higher hospital mortality and higher 1-year follow-up mortality. We have not found this association in the case of hepatocyte growth factor measurement.

PMID:35482134 | DOI:10.1186/s43044-022-00275-9

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Apr 28. doi: 10.1007/s00405-022-07370-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study is to compare the accuracy of 2D BLADE turbo gradient- and spin-echo imaging (TGSE BLADE) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with that of readout-segmented echo-planar (RESOLVE) DWI in the detection of primary and residual/recurrent temporal bone cholesteatoma.

METHODS: The prospective study population consisted of 58 patients who were underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the evaluation of suspected temporal bone cholesteatoma. Two radiologists independently evaluated the two sequences. Kappa (k) statistics, the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), and a paired t test were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: Of the 58 patients included, all had histo-pathologically confirmed cholesteatomas. In ≤ 3 mm group (n = 13), TGSE BLADE sequence correctly identified all cases except one that was recorded as equivocal on both sequences because of high signal intensity on T1WI; while on RESOLVE sequences, 6 were positive, 4 were equivocal, and 3 were false negative. For > 3 mm group (n = 45), detection performance was similar between the two sequences. The mean ADC of cholesteatoma on TGSE BLADE DWI was 0.923 × 10^-3 mm²/s, and the mean ADC of cholesteatoma on RESOLVE DWI was 0.949 × 10^-3 mm²/s, with no significant difference in the mean ADC values of cholesteatoma measured on the two sequences (p = 0.9216).

CONCLUSION: TGSE BLADE outperforms RESOLVE in the detection of small temporal bone cholesteatoma ≤ 3 mm.

PMID:35482118 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-022-07370-2

Eur Radiol. 2022 Apr 28. doi: 10.1007/s00330-022-08794-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided dry needling and open-release surgery in reducing pain and improving function in workers with lateral epicondylosis refractory to at least 6 months of nonsurgical management.

METHODS: We randomly assigned participants in a 1:1 ratio to receive dry needling or surgery. The primary outcome was the Patient Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) score at 6 months. Secondary outcome measures examined the impact of these techniques on professional activity, grip strength, and Global Rating of Change and Satisfaction scales. Statistical analyses included mixed-effects models and Fisher’s exact tests.

RESULTS: From October 2016 through June 2019, we enrolled 64 participants. Two participants were excluded, and data from 62 participants (48 ± 8 years, 33 men) with a mean duration of symptoms of 23 ± 21 months were analyzed. Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. In the intention-to-treat analysis, no treatment-by-time interaction was observed (F_(4,201) = 0.72; p = .58). The least-squares mean difference from baseline in PRTEE scores at 6 months was 33.4 (CI 25.2 – 41.5) in the surgery group and 26.9 (CI 19.4 – 34.4) in the dry needling group (p = .25). The proportion of successful treatment was 83% (CI 63 – 95%) and 81% (CI 63 – 93%) in the surgery and dry needling groups, respectively (p = 1.00). Changes in secondary outcomes were in the same direction as those of the primary outcome. No adverse event occurred.

CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided dry needling resulted in comparable improvement in outcome scores on scales of pain, physical function, and global assessment of change and satisfaction than open-release surgery.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02710682 KEY POINTS: • In patients with chronic lateral epicondylosis, ultrasound-guided tendon dry needling provides comparable therapeutic efficacy to open-release surgery. • Ultrasound-guided tendon dry needling allows for an earlier return to work and may be less costly than open-release surgery. • Care management guidelines should recommend treatment by ultrasound-guided tendon dry needling before open-release surgery.

PMID:35482125 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-022-08794-4

Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2022 Apr 28. doi: 10.1007/s00420-022-01866-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Farmers have an increased risk for chronic bronchitis and airflow obstruction. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of these health outcomes with farm activities.

METHODS: We evaluated the Keokuk County Rural Health Study (KCRHS) enrollment data for farm activities and the two health outcomes chronic bronchitis based on self-reported symptoms and airflow obstruction based on spirometry. We used logistic regression to model the health outcomes, yielding an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for farm activities while adjusting for potential confounders and other risk factors.

RESULTS: Of the 1234 farmers, 104 (8.4%) had chronic bronchitis, 75 (6.1%) fulfilled the criteria for airflow obstruction, and the two outcomes overlapped by 18 participants. Chronic bronchitis without airflow obstruction (n = 86) had a statistically significant association with crop storage insecticides (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.6, 6.1) and a low number of years (≤ 3) worked with turkeys (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.2, 9.4). The latter result should be interpreted with caution because it is based on a small number of cases (n = 5). Airflow obstruction with or without chronic bronchitis (n = 75) was significantly associated with ever working in a hog or chicken confinement setting (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0, 4.5).

CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that work with crop storage insecticides or turkeys may increase the risk for chronic bronchitis and work in hog or chicken confinement may increase the risk for airflow obstruction.

PMID:35482110 | DOI:10.1007/s00420-022-01866-4

Environ Monit Assess. 2022 Apr 28;194(6):393. doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-09927-4.

ABSTRACT

The present study was carried out to monitor the ambient concentrations of particulate matter and carbon dioxide caused by vehicular pollution in Srinagar City of Jammu and Kashmir, India, for a period of 12 months from June 2019 to May 2020 as the major contributions in these areas are due to vehicular movement. Out of five, four locations (viz. Dalgate, Jehangir Chowk, Parimpora and Pantha Chowk) had highest traffic density in the city and the fifth location (Shalimar) had low traffic volume. The sampling was done on every fortnight using AEROCET 831-aerosol mass monitor and CDM 901-CO₂ monitor with each sampling being carried out three times a day, i.e. morning (9:00 am-10:30 am), afternoon (1:00 pm-2:30 pm) and evening (4:30 pm-6:00 pm) with three replications at each site based on the peak traffic hours. The results show that during the whole period, average PM₁ concentrations ranged from 15.10 to 108.9 µg/m³, PM_2.5 (28.70-577.50 µg/m³), PM₄ (44.50-780.87 µg/m³), PM₁₀ (57.13-1225.53 µg/m³), total suspended particulates (77.77-1410.27 µg/m³) and CO₂ (332.4-655.0 ppm). The average concentrations of these parameters showed that the maximum PM₁ concentration was found at Dalgate (53.77 µg/m³) and PM_2.5 had its maximum average concentration at Jehangir Chowk (140.13 µg/m³). Other parameters like PM₄, PM₁₀, TSP and CO₂ had a maximum average values at Jehangir Chowk (240.23 µg/m³, 633.40 µg/m³, 853.50 µg/m³ and 533.20 ppm, respectively). The pollution load was observed to be maximum during winter season followed by autumn, summer and spring. The lowest concentration of all pollutants except CO₂ was observed in April 2020 and this might be due to COVID-19 lockdown observed in the country during the same period.

PMID:35482106 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-022-09927-4

Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi. 2022 Apr 20;25(4):253-258. doi: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2022.101.15.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In recent years, with the advancement of minimally invasive techniques, thoracoscopic thymoma resection has experienced a development process from three-port video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) to two-port (TP) and single-port (SP) variants. However, the feasibility and safety of SP-VATS have not been generally recognized. This study intends to explore the safety and feasibility of SP-VATS in thymoma resection, in order to provide a reference for clinical surgicalselection.

METHODS: The clinical data of 197 patients who underwent thoracoscopic thymoma resection in Beijing Tongren Hospital from January 2018 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into SP-VATS group (n=42) and TP-VATS group (n=155). After matching propensity scores, there is no statistically significant difference in preoperative baseline data between SP-VATS group and TP-VATS group. Among them, there were 17 males and 25 females with an average age of 28-72 (48.00±9.43) years in the SP-VATS group, and 20 males and 22 females with an average age of 30-75 (50.38±9.83) years in TP-VATS group. The clinical effects of the two groups were compared.

RESULTS: The operation was successfully completed in both groups, and there was no conversion to thoracotomy or increased surgical incisions. Compared with the TP-VATS group, the chest drainage time and hospital stay in the SP-VATS group were shorter [(2.95±0.76) d vs (3.33±0.85) d; (4.57±0.83) d vs (5.07±1.13) d], and the visual pain score at 24 h and 72 h after surgery were lower [(3.64±0.85) points vs (4.05±0.66) points; (2.33±0.75) points vs (3.07±0.68) points] (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in operation time [(130.00±26.23) min vs (135.24±27.03) min], intraoperative blood loss [(69.52±22.73) mL vs (82.38±49.23) mL] (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: SP-VATS in thymoma is a safe, feasible, and less invasive procedure, with less postoperative pain and faster recovery than multi-port VATS.

PMID:35477189 | DOI:10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2022.101.15

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2022 Apr 27:1-7. doi: 10.1159/000524548. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The Quick Dementia Rating System (QDRS) is a brief, patient-reported dementia staging tool that has approximated scores on the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, no studies have examined its relationship with AD-related biomarkers.

METHODS: One-hundred twenty-one older adults (intact, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, mild AD) completed the QDRS, and three biomarkers (amyloid deposition via positron emission tomography, hippocampal volume via magnetic resonance imaging, and apolipoprotein [APOE] ε4 status).

RESULTS: The Total score on the QDRS was statistically significantly related to all three biomarkers (after controlling for age, education, sex, and race), with greater levels of dementia severity being associated with greater amyloid deposition, smaller hippocampi, and having copies of APOE ε4 allele.

DISCUSSION: In participants across the cognitive spectrum, the QDRS showed modest relationships with amyloid deposition, hippocampal volumes, and APOE status. Therefore, the QDRS may offer a cost-effective screening method for clinical trials in AD.

PMID:35477163 | DOI:10.1159/000524548

Nephron. 2022 Apr 27:1-6. doi: 10.1159/000524292. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis have an attenuated immune response to vaccination. The aim of our study was to determine the predictive factors for humoral response to vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND MEASUREMENTS: In this retrospective, single-center study, we included patients on maintenance hemodialysis already vaccinated with two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) and with a post-vaccination serological follow-up.

RESULTS: 252 patients were included for study with a mean age of 71.9 (±14.4) years. Twelve patients (4.7%) were under immunosuppressive therapy (calcineurin inhibitors: n = 4; chemotherapy for myeloma: n = 3; last infusion of rituximab over the previous 4 years: n = 2; abatacept: n = 2; adalimumab n = 1). Three of these patients were under immunosuppressive therapy for nonrenal solid organ transplantation. Multivariate analysis identified immunosuppressive therapy (OR 4.73 [1.38-16.17], p = 0.013) and lower baseline albumin levels (OR 1.23 [1.09-1.38], p < 0.001) as independent predictive factors of nonresponse to vaccination. Older age (β = -0.59 ± 0.21, p = 0.006) and immunosuppressive therapy (β = 40.33 ± 13.33, p = 0.003) were significantly associated with lower humoral response to vaccination.

CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 90% of patients under maintenance hemodialysis developed specific antibodies to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Immunosuppressive therapy, malnutrition, and older age were associated with a higher risk of nonseroconversion or lower humoral response to mRNA-based vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. We strongly recommend serological monitoring after vaccination to determine booster timing, especially for patients with malnutrition or on immunosuppressive therapy.

PMID:35477156 | DOI:10.1159/000524292

J Phys Condens Matter. 2022 Apr 27. doi: 10.1088/1361-648X/ac6b0b. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Non-collinear magnetic texture breaks the spin-sublattice symmetry which gives rise to a spin-splitting effect. Inspired by this, we study the spin-dependent transport properties in a non-collinear antiferromagnetic fractal structure, namely, the Sierpinski Gasket (SPG) triangle. We find that though the spin-up and spin-down currents are different, the degree of spin polarization is too weak. Finally, we come up with a proposal, where the degree of spin polarization can be enhanced significantly in the presence of a time-periodic driving field. Such a prescription of getting spin-filtering effect from an unpolarized source in a fractal network is completely new to the best of our knowledge. Starting from a higher generation of SPG to smaller ones, the precise dependencies of driving field parameters, spin-dependent scattering strength, interface sensitivity on spin polarization are critically investigated. The spatial distribution of spin-resolved bond current density is also explored. Interestingly, our proposed setup exhibits finite spin polarization for different spin-quantization axes. Arbitrarily polarized light is considered and its effect is incorporated through Floquet-Bloch ansatz. All the spin-resolved transport quantities are computed using Green’s function formalism following the Landauer-B”{u}ttiker prescription. In light of the experimental feasibility of such fractal structures and manipulation of magnetic textures, the present work brings forth new insights into spintronic properties of non-collinear antiferromagnetic SPG. This should also entice the AFM spintronic community to explore other fractal structures with the possibility of unconventional features.

PMID:35477129 | DOI:10.1088/1361-648X/ac6b0b