Tag: statistics

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 30;15(1):27784. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-96266-2.

ABSTRACT

This work aims to determine the chemical composition of E. arborescens leaves for the first time, screening and quantifying various phytochemical compounds. The chemical composition revealed high levels of valuable nutrients, mainly ash (19.32%), which increases its nutritional value and offers health benefits. The phytochemical screening identified numerous secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds, phytosterols, and flavonoids. Quantification of photosynthetic pigments showed that chlorophyll a is dominant in the leaves. In addition, the methanolic extract of the leaves has inhibitory activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The methanolic leaf extract showed an IC₅₀ of 0.04 mg/mL and an EC_0.5 of 0.06 mg/mL for antioxidant activity as assessed by DPPH scavenging assay and iron reducing power respectively. The methanolic extract showed significantly higher reducing power than the aqueous extract. Both methanolic and aqueous leaf extracts exhibited α-amylase inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner with statistically significant differences in their IC₅₀ values. Furthermore, the methanolic extract was as effective as acarbose in inhibiting porcine α-amylase with an IC₅₀ of 0.06 mg/mL. It also showed dose-dependent inhibition of pancreatic lipase, with an IC₅₀ of 0.92 mg/mL. Although the IC₅₀ values were not statistically different, both aqueous and methanolic extracts also contained protease inhibitors. Therefore, these results suggest that E. arborescens leaf extracts may be useful for future drug applications, and further research is needed to investigate the mechanisms of enzyme inhibition.

PMID:40739322 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-96266-2

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 30;15(1):27801. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11002-0.

ABSTRACT

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in nursing care is an important professional issue. However, few studies have investigated the knowledge, attitudes, application, and acceptance of artificial intelligence in nursing care. This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude, application, and acceptance of artificial intelligence in health care among Iranian nurses. A descriptive design conducted on 400 nurses who worked in university hospitals in Tabriz, Iran in 2024. A stratified random sampling method was used for selecting participants. Data collection tools included a demographic-social questionnaire and questionnaires of knowledge, attitude, application, and acceptance towards artificial intelligence in nursing care. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of the study showed that most nurses (41.1%) had low knowledge, (65.8%) good attitude, (74.6%) a moderate level of acceptance and (55.8%) applied AI at a high level. There was a positive and significant correlation between nurses’ knowledge and their attitude (R = 0.311, P < 0.001), application (R = 0.514, P < 0.001), and acceptance (R = 0.381, P < 0.001) regarding AI. The study’s results showed that nurses have low knowledge about AI, which shows the need to hold training workshops on this subject. The study’s results also showed that nurses have positive opinions of AI in the healthcare industry, which will help them speed up procedures and improve nursing care.

PMID:40739307 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-11002-0

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 30;15(1):27746. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11102-x.

ABSTRACT

Memory systems with biologically constrained synapses have been the topic of intense theoretical study for over thirty years. Perhaps the most fundamental and far-reaching finding from this work is that the storage of new memories implies the partial erasure of already-stored ones. This overwriting leads to a decorrelation of sensory-driven activity patterns over time, even if the input patterns remain similar. Representational drift (RD) should therefore be an expected and inevitable consequence of ongoing memory storage. We tested this hypothesis by fitting a network model to data from long-term chronic calcium imaging experiments in mouse hippocampus. Synaptic turnover in the model inputs, consistent with the ongoing encoding of new activity patterns, accounted for the observed statistics of RD. This mechanism also provides a parsimonious explanation for the diverse effects of experience on drift found in experiment. Our results suggest that RD should be observed wherever neuronal circuits are involved in a process of ongoing learning or memory storage.

PMID:40739304 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-11102-x

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 30;15(1):27846. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-08152-6.

ABSTRACT

Loss of brain tissues and cognitive abilities are natural processes of aging, but longitudinal studies are limited. We explored the longitudinal association between global and regional brain measures with cognitive abilities among individuals with normal cognitive status, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s Disease, including those with stable or progressive cognitive status, from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Follow-up was conducted approximately every six months for two to three years to classify participants by their cognitive status (n = 814). Mixed effects models were used to measure the longitudinal association between global and regional brain measures with cognitive abilities assessed by the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment cognition sub-scale after controlling for covariates. While whole brain volume (controlling for head size) affected the rate of cognition changes among those with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s, other volumetric and thickness measures (hippocampus volume, ventricles volume, and entorhinal cortex thickness) had differential effects on cognition, but not on the speed of their changes. Results highlight the potential importance of different brain regions on cognition, but perhaps not on the rate of change and should be further investigated.

PMID:40739300 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-08152-6

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 30;15(1):27870. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-12572-9.

ABSTRACT

Mistreatment can adversely affect students’ academic performance and mental health. This study investigated the prevalence of mistreatment and its association with academic motivation among Thai clinical-year medical students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students throughout Thailand using the Composite Questionnaire of Mistreatment and Academic Motivation Scale (AMS). Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, correlations, and regression analyses were conducted. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The sample included 399 students, with a median age of 23 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 22-24), and 61.5% were female. A total of 81% of participants experienced mistreatment. Twenty-nine percent of students thought that mistreatment occurred because the maltreaters did not consider mistreatment as inappropriate or serious. Students who experienced mistreatment exhibited lower AMS (B = – 9.16, 95% CI – 15.37 to – 2.95, p value = 0.004) than those who did not. Moreover, students who experienced academic mistreatment exhibited a higher amotivation score (B = 1.50, 95% CI 0.16 to 2.85, p value = 0.029) than those who did not. The prevalence of mistreatment was unexpectedly high, and it was associated with students’ motivation to study. Educational institutions should prioritize addressing this issue and developing strategies to provide assistance, including enhancing reporting systems.

PMID:40739292 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-12572-9

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 30;15(1):27771. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13738-1.

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the relationship between protein and energy intake during the early (days 1-2) and late (days 3-7) acute phase and prognosis in septic patients with nutritional risk screening 2002 ≥ 3. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with 28-day mortality. Among 293 shock patients, higher energy intake in days 3-7 was signifcantly associated with lower 28-day mortality (hazard ratio, 0.969; 95% confidence interval, 0.942-0.997; P = 0.033). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed achieving 75% of energy target in days 3-7 correlated with decreased 28-day mortality (P = 0.040). In 309 non-shock patients, no significant relationships between nutritional therapy during acute phase and 28-day mortality were observed. Enhanced energy intake in days 3-7 showed no correlation with improvements in length of intensive care unit/hospital stay, ventilator-free days, non-ICU survival days or hospitalization costs for septic patients. In shock patients, energy intake in days 3-7 demonstrated no relationship with secondary infections; however, among non-shock patients, achieving 50% of energy intake in days 3-7 was linked to lower incidence of fungus infections (P = 0.006) and intra-abdominal infections(P = 0.003). Our findings demonstrate statistical associations between augmenting energy intake during the late acute phase and potential benefits in sepsis.

PMID:40739291 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-13738-1

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 30;15(1):27758. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13245-3.

ABSTRACT

Intussusception is a significant cause of child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, yet its exact causes remain unclear. Two main theories suggest it may be linked to dietary factors or infections, highlighting the need for research to identify specific risk factors. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the factors associated with intussusception in children under five years of age. A hospital-based unmatched case-control study design was employed, using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and a review of medical records for data collection. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25, and both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were applied. Variables with a p-value < 0.25 in the bivariate analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression model. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value of less than 0.05. The study included 52 cases and 156 controls. The average age of the cases was 11.5 months (SD ± 8.60), and that of the controls was 18.9 months (SD ± 15.4). Among the participants, males accounted for 65.4% of the cases and 53.8% of the controls, while females comprised 34.6% of the cases and 46.2% of the controls. Variables significantly associated with intussusception included age between 6 and 12 months [AOR = 3.13; 95% CI: 1.04-9.41], history of gastrointestinal infections [AOR = 5.07; 95% CI: 2.14-11.9], mixed feeding with breast milk and formula [AOR = 17.12; 95% CI: 5.42-54], and feeding with breast milk and homemade foods [AOR = 9.28; 95% CI: 2.52-34.2]. This study demonstrates that children aged 6 to 12 months, a history of gastrointestinal infections, previous medication use, and mixed feeding practices (breast milk combined with formula or homemade foods) are associated with an increased risk of intussusception. Educating mothers and caregivers on proper hygiene practices to reduce infections, and promoting awareness of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, are essential preventive strategies.

PMID:40739284 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-13245-3

Stem Cell Res Ther. 2025 Jul 30;16(1):413. doi: 10.1186/s13287-025-04537-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived fibroblasts (iFBs) hold promise for autologous disease modelling, but their ability to replicate tissue-specific fibroblast characteristics remains unclear. Fibroblasts exhibit significant heterogeneity, with distinct subtypes playing critical roles in organ function and integrity. This study investigates whether iFBs can acquire tissue-specific transcriptional profiles through co-culture with cells from different germ layers, including skin (keratinocytes), heart (cardiomyocytes), gut (intestinal cells), and lung (bronchial epithelial cells).

METHODS: iFBs were co-cultured directly or indirectly with organ-specific cell types, followed by bulk RNA sequencing and pathway analysis. Transcriptional profiles were compared to primary fibroblasts using principal component analysis (PCA), large single-cell databases of over 20,000 cells for single-cell deconvolution and targeted qPCR validation. Statistical significance was assessed via one-way ANOVA.

RESULTS: Transcriptomic analysis revealed that iFBs exhibit transcriptional plasticity, adopting molecular phenotypes aligned with their co-culture environment across all germ layers. Paracrine signalling induced transient tissue-specific changes in indirectly co-cultured iFBs, but sustained interactions were required for stable adaptations. Pathway analysis highlighted functional shifts, such as TGF-β activation in cardiac iFBs and ECM remodelling in dermal iFBs. However, single-cell deconvolution showed incomplete tissue specification, with iFBs retaining mixed fibroblast subpopulations.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that iFBs can adopt tissue-specific transcriptional profiles, supporting their potential for modelling fibrotic microenvironments in 3D in vitro systems. However, the partial and transient nature of these adaptations underscores the need to validate whether transcriptional changes translate to functional fibroblast behaviours, such as ECM dysregulation or aberrant TGF-β signalling, in complex tissue models. Optimising co-culture conditions to stabilise these phenotypes will be critical for leveraging iFBs in fibrosis research, drug screening, and personalised disease modelling.

PMID:40739279 | DOI:10.1186/s13287-025-04537-6

BMC Chem. 2025 Jul 30;19(1):227. doi: 10.1186/s13065-025-01570-7.

ABSTRACT

Today’s crystal engineering in coordination chemistry community offers diverse applications and innovative bonding concepts in crystal assembly. The current research delves into synthesizing one novel Cu(II) complex, [(NO₃)Cu(H₂O)(L^2,2-Me2)(μ-H₂O)Cu(L^2,2-Me2)](H₂O)ClO₄ (L^2,2-Me2 = Schiff base) with NaClO₄. A combination of standard spectroscopic methods, including SEM-EDX, XPS, and SCXRD (single-crystal X-ray diffraction) study, was used to characterize the complex. The X-ray structure reveals that the di-nuclear Cu(II) complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1, and the crystal assembly is stabilized predominantly by C-H···π interactions, as well as hydrogen bonding interactions such as N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O. A comprehensive DFT analysis, a hallmark of our research, explored the complex semiconductors and sensing capabilities for cations (Co²⁺/Ni²⁺/Cd²⁺) and anions (Br^–/I^–), providing valuable insights into the ECT (Electronic Charge Transfer) processes within the complex. MEP surface and FMO energy gap support the complex sensing and semiconductor behaviour. Antimicrobial screening reveals comparable activity for the Schiff base and its Cu(II) complex against both Gram +ve/-ve bacterial and fungal strains based on zone of inhibition (ZOI) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Meanwhile, the in vitro anticancer activity of the Cu(II) complex was assessed using the Trypan blue exclusion and MTT methods on the HepG2 and H9c2 cancer cell lines. The IC₅₀ value indicates that the Cu(II) complex exhibits significant anticancer activity. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) through the chelation/Tweedie’s polarization theory, complex geometry, hydrogen bond-type supramolecular interactions, the redox role of Cu(II) metal ions, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by Cu(II) metal ions, which adequately explain the biological activity of the complex. Subsequently, the complex was utilized for potential applications in sensors or therapeutics, and combined DFT and biological findings underscore the novel research on the Cu(II) complex.

PMID:40739274 | DOI:10.1186/s13065-025-01570-7

Cost Eff Resour Alloc. 2025 Jul 30;23(1):38. doi: 10.1186/s12962-025-00645-5.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Hospitals provide essential health services, focusing on quality, safety, and patient-centered care. The rising prevalence of communicable and non-communicable diseases in Indonesia has led to increased National Health Insurance (NHI) costs, with communicable diseases representing a significant burden despite global progress in disease control. Tuberculosis remains a major global health concern, causing 1.25 million deaths in 2023, while Indonesia ranks second globally for tuberculosis burden, accounting for 10% of global TB cases with an estimated 969,000 cases annually. Despite efforts to improve quality, Haji and Labuang Baji Hospitals face challenges, including financial losses and suboptimal patient outcomes. This study aims to assess the impact of an Integrated Clinical Pathway (ICP)-based Professional Nursing Practice Model on clinical outcomes, hospital costs, and patient satisfaction at these hospitals.

METHODS: This study employed action research methodology by developing, implementing, and evaluating the clinical guidelines and ICP for 10 diseases that were categorized as high volume, high risk, and high cost based on secondary data analysis using the NHI databases. Data was collected through observation of the ICP implementation on 40 patients and interviews of Professional Care Providers (PCPs) and was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 28.

RESULTS: A total of 40 patients from Haji Hospital (n = 20) and from Labuang Baji Hospital (n = 20) with diagnoses of pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumonia, dyspepsia, typhoid fever, normal delivery, and COPD were included and analyzed. Compliance with ICPs in both hospitals was quite low: 50.02% in Haji Hospital and 44.46% in Labuang Baji Hospital. However, the length of patients’ stays (LOS) generally complied with ICP standards, although some cases exceeded the benchmarks. Hospital costs varied across different disease diagnoses, impacting overall financial outcomes. Patient satisfaction improved across all diagnostic categories.

CONCLUSION: The implementation of ICP at both hospitals showed that all indicators of patient clinical outcomes improved according to the time specified in ICP, resulting in patients’ LOS being shorter than stipulated in ICP and an increase in patient satisfaction. ICP implementation has also led to hospitals earning different profits in almost all diagnoses.

PMID:40739272 | DOI:10.1186/s12962-025-00645-5