Tag: statistics

BMC Geriatr. 2022 Sep 14;22(1):750. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03429-1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Previous studies exploring usual alcohol consumption and falls risk were scarce in China. In addition, the dose-response relationship has not been explored so far. This study aims to estimate the association between usual alcohol consumption and risk of falls among middle-aged and older Chinese adults based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which is representative of the population of the entire country.

METHODS: Baseline survey data in 2015 and follow-up data in 2018 in CHARLS were utilized. Alcohol consumption was calculated in grams per day (gr/day) according to self-reported drinking data and categorized accordingly to The Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (DGC) 2016. Fall was obtained from self-reported information. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the association of usual alcohol consumption with risk of falling. The dose-response relationship was also explored using restricted cubic splines.

RESULTS: A total of 12,910 middle-aged and older participants were included from the CHARLS 2015, of which 11,667 were followed up in 2018. We found that former, moderate, and excessive drinkers were at higher fall risk compared to never drinkers (former: OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.05-1.46; moderate: OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.06-1.41; excessive: OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.15-1.61) in the longitudinal analysis. Similarly, individuals with moderate and excessive alcohol consumption were at increased risk of falling in the cross-sectional analysis (moderate: OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02-1.37; excessive: OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.11,1.57). No significant increased risk of falls was found for former drinkers (former: OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.96-1.34). We observed a significant non-linear relationship.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that usual alcohol consumption was associated with a higher risk of falls, highlighting the key role of alcohol intake on the fall risk, which needed consideration in developing intervention and prevention strategies for reducing falls among middle-aged and older Chinese adults.

PMID:36104686 | DOI:10.1186/s12877-022-03429-1

BMC Med Imaging. 2022 Sep 14;22(1):166. doi: 10.1186/s12880-022-00875-6.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed to explore the value of mammography-based radiomics signature for preoperative prediction of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Initially, the clinical and X-ray data of patients (n = 319, age of 54 ± 14) with breast cancer (triple-negative-65, non-triple-negative-254) from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (n = 211, as a training set) and Suzhou Municipal Hospital (n = 108, as a verification set) from January 2018 to February 2021 are retrospectively analyzed. Comparing the mediolateral oblique (MLO) and cranial cauda (CC) mammography images, the mammography images with larger lesion areas are selected, and the image segmentation and radiomics feature extraction are then performed by the MaZda software. Further, the Fisher coefficients (Fisher), classification error probability combined average correlation coefficients (POE + ACC), and mutual information (MI) are used to select three sets of feature subsets. Moreover, the score of each patient’s radiomics signature (Radscore) is calculated. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) is analyzed to calculate the AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of TNBC.

RESULTS: A significant difference in the mammography manifestation between the triple-negative and the non-triple-negative groups (P < 0.001) is observed. The (POE + ACC)-NDA method showed the highest accuracy of 88.39%. The Radscore of triple-negative and non-triple-negative groups in the training set includes – 0.678 (- 1.292, 0.088) and – 2.536 (- 3.496, – 1.324), respectively, with a statistically significant difference (Z = – 6.314, P < 0.001). In contrast, the Radscore in the validation set includes – 0.750 (- 1.332, – 0.054) and – 2.223 (- 2.963, – 1.256), with a statistically significant difference (Z = – 4.669, P < 0.001). In the training set, the AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of TNBC include 0.821 (95% confidence interval 0.752-0.890), 74.4%, 82.5%, 72.5%, 41.2%, and 94.6%, respectively. In the validation set, the AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of TNBC are of 0.809 (95% confidence interval 0.711-0.907), 80.6%, 72.0%, 80.7%, 55.5%, and 93.1%, respectively.

CONCLUSION: In summary, we firmly believe that this mammography-based radiomics signature could be useful in the preoperative prediction of TNBC due to its high value.

PMID:36104679 | DOI:10.1186/s12880-022-00875-6

BMC Infect Dis. 2022 Sep 14;22(1):737. doi: 10.1186/s12879-022-07572-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Outbreaks of new HIV transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID) are a major public health concern. Oral daily PrEP, has been identified as a critical addition to the biomedical toolkit for this population. However, limited research on the acceptability of long-acting injectable PrEP has been conducted with this population.

METHODS: We conducted a cross sectional multi-site survey with 1127 participants from May 2019-February 2020 to assess the acceptability of novel PrEP regimens. We computed bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions to evaluate correlates of the outcome variable: acceptability of 3-month injectable-PrEP. SAS v.9.4 was used to conduct statistical analysis.

RESULTS: Limited knowledge of or use of PrEP, past or present, was evident within the sample. Injection drug use in the past six months was significantly associated with LA injectable PrEP acceptability, with the odds of acceptability being 1.885 (CI: 1.376, 2.582) times greater than those who did not inject drugs. After adjusting for confounders, injection drug use was significantly associated with the outcome, such that the odds of acceptability of LA injectable PrEP were 1.705 (CI: 1.198, 2.427) times greater among PWID compared to those who did not inject drugs (p < 0.03). The results demonstrate acceptability (38.2%) in a durable (3-month) injectable PrEP modality among participants who also identified as PWID.

CONCLUSIONS: PrEP promotion efforts among PWID to increase access to long-acting injectable PrEP are necessary. Through efforts to increase acceptance and regular use of long-acting injectable PrEP, public health strategies may be able to effectively lessen chances of future HIV outbreaks among PWID.

PMID:36104676 | DOI:10.1186/s12879-022-07572-3

BMC Infect Dis. 2022 Sep 14;22(1):735. doi: 10.1186/s12879-022-07701-y.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The clinical course of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is diverse, and the usefulness of phenotyping in predicting the severity or prognosis of the disease has been demonstrated overseas. This study aimed to investigate clinically meaningful phenotypes in Japanese COVID-19 patients using cluster analysis.

METHODS: From April 2020 to May 2021, data from inpatients aged ≥ 18 years diagnosed with COVID-19 and who agreed to participate in the study were collected. A total of 1322 Japanese patients were included. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using variables reported to be associated with COVID-19 severity or prognosis, namely, age, sex, obesity, smoking history, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, malignancy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hyperuricemia, cardiovascular disease, chronic liver disease, and chronic kidney disease.

RESULTS: Participants were divided into four clusters: Cluster 1, young healthy (n = 266, 20.1%); Cluster 2, middle-aged (n = 245, 18.5%); Cluster 3, middle-aged obese (n = 435, 32.9%); and Cluster 4, elderly (n = 376, 28.4%). In Clusters 3 and 4, sore throat, dysosmia, and dysgeusia tended to be less frequent, while shortness of breath was more frequent. Serum lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, KL-6, D-dimer, and C-reactive protein levels tended to be higher in Clusters 3 and 4. Although Cluster 3 had a similar age as Cluster 2, it tended to have poorer outcomes. Both Clusters 3 and 4 tended to exhibit higher rates of oxygen supplementation, intensive care unit admission, and mechanical ventilation, but the mortality rate tended to be lower in Cluster 3.

CONCLUSIONS: We have successfully performed the first phenotyping of COVID-19 patients in Japan, which is clinically useful in predicting important outcomes, despite the simplicity of the cluster analysis method that does not use complex variables.

PMID:36104674 | DOI:10.1186/s12879-022-07701-y

BMC Pediatr. 2022 Sep 14;22(1):547. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03591-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Preterm birth is serious public health worldwide, and early prediction of preterm birth in pregnant women may provide assistance for timely intervention and reduction of preterm birth. This study aimed to develop a preterm birth prediction model that is readily available and convenient for clinical application.

METHODS: Data used in this case-control study were extracted from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) database between 2018 and 2019. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were utilized to find factors associated with preterm birth. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as effect measures. The area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were utilized as model performance evaluation metrics.

RESULTS: Data from 3,006,989 pregnant women in 2019 and 3,039,922 pregnant women in 2018 were used for the model establishment and external validation, respectively. Of these 3,006,989 pregnant women, 324,700 (10.8%) had a preterm birth. Higher education level of pregnant women [bachelor (OR = 0.82; 95%CI, 0.81-0.84); master or above (OR = 0.82; 95%CI, 0.81-0.83)], pre-pregnancy overweight (OR = 0.96; 95%CI, 0.95-0.98) and obesity (OR = 0.94; 95%CI, 0.93-0.96), and prenatal care (OR = 0.48; 95%CI, 0.47-0.50) were associated with a reduced risk of preterm birth, while age ≥ 35 years (OR = 1.27; 95%CI, 1.26-1.29), black race (OR = 1.26; 95%CI, 1.23-1.29), pre-pregnancy underweight (OR = 1.26; 95%CI, 1.22-1.30), pregnancy smoking (OR = 1.27; 95%CI, 1.24-1.30), pre-pregnancy diabetes (OR = 2.08; 95%CI, 1.99-2.16), pre-pregnancy hypertension (OR = 2.22; 95%CI, 2.16-2.29), previous preterm birth (OR = 2.95; 95%CI, 2.88-3.01), and plurality (OR = 12.99; 95%CI, 12.73-13.24) were related to an increased risk of preterm birth. The AUC and accuracy of the prediction model in the testing set were 0.688 (95%CI, 0.686-0.689) and 0.762 (95%CI, 0.762-0.763), respectively. In addition, a nomogram based on information on pregnant women and their spouses was established to predict the risk of preterm birth in pregnant women.

CONCLUSIONS: The nomogram for predicting the risk of preterm birth in pregnant women had a good performance and the relevant predictors are readily available clinically, which may provide a simple tool for the prediction of preterm birth.

PMID:36104673 | DOI:10.1186/s12887-022-03591-w

Can J Microbiol. 2022 Sep 14. doi: 10.1139/cjm-2022-0125. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In this study, Illumina MiSeq/NovaSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence the terminal DNA fragments of microbial communities in Wuliangye pit mud. The results showed that there were 5 dominant bacterial phyla and 13 dominant bacterial genera in the pit mud, which belonged to 4 phyla, mainly Firmicutes. There were 3 dominant fungal phyla and 5 dominant fungal genera in cellar mud, which belonged to 2 phyla and concentrated in Ascomycota. According to the statistical data, the low pH value cellar pool is more conducive to the enrichment of acid-resistant or acid-biased bacteria, which is the key to flavor formation. In addition, the components of ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in pit mud need to be replenished in time. In addition, sampling time, fermentation time, temperature and other external environments also have certain effects on microbial diversity and abundance in the pit. With the use of cellars, various types of microorganisms are constantly evolving to adapt to the environment inside the pits. The succession rule of microbe in pit mud was preliminarily revealed, which provided the basis for improving the quality and technical development of Wuliangye.

PMID:36103727 | DOI:10.1139/cjm-2022-0125

J AOAC Int. 2022 Sep 14:qsac104. doi: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac104. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and tetracycline are approved antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections in cattle. To ensure human food safety, a tolerance has been established for the sum of these three tetracycline residues as 12 ppm in bovine kidney in the U.S. The current official regulatory method for quantifying these antibiotics in the target organ is a labor-intensive microbiological assay.

OBJECTIVE: Our laboratory developed and validated a fast, selective and less laborious method utilizing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination and confirmation of the three tetracyclines in bovine kidney.

METHODS: Briefly, homogenized kidney tissue was spiked with an internal standard, and then was extracted with 1% phosphate buffer. The crude extract was cleaned up using solid-phase extraction cartridges before instrumental analysis.

RESULTS: Accuracies for quantifying these three drugs in fortified kidney homogenate were between 99.9% and 110% at multiple concentrations, with respective coefficients of variation all below 9.5%. Quantitative correlation between the two methods (bridging) was evaluated with incurred bovine kidney samples for each of the three tetracyclines separately. The results were statistically evaluated using a measurement model called Functional Relationship Estimation by Maximum Likelihood.

CONCLUSIONS: A linear quantitative relationship was demonstrated between the two methods within the concentration range of regulatory relevance.

HIGHLIGHTS: This instrumental method is in addition to the established microbial assay for the detection of tetracyclines residue in beef kidney to ensure the food safety of cattle products.

PMID:36103709 | DOI:10.1093/jaoacint/qsac104

Am J Public Health. 2022 Oct;112(10):1416-1420. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2022.307043.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:36103697 | DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2022.307043

Sci Med Footb. 2022 Sep 14. doi: 10.1080/24733938.2022.2125170. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Relative Age Effects (RAEs) appear largely throughout youth soccer. However, little is known about how RAEs at youth levels can impact selection and performance at senior levels. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to provide further test of RAEs by exploring the birth quarter (BQ) distribution of 2,030 Italian players born from 1975 to 2001 (both years included) who have played in any of the Youth National Italian Soccer Teams (U15-U21); and (b) to investigate how RAEs influence future career outcomes, by exploring the BQ distribution of players who completed the transition from youth levels to the Senior National Team (n=182) and those who eventually achieved the Super International Achievers (SIA) status (i.e., plating at a senior level in a UEFA European Championship and/or FIFA World Championship; n=58). Chi-square statistics revealed a significantly skewed (all P value <0.0001) BQ distributions for all Youth squads (BQ1=41.4% vs. BQ4=10.8%), and for the cohort of players who completed the transition (P=0.003). In contrast, results from the Odds Ratios (ORs) highlighted how BQ4s are more likely to transition from youth-to-senior compared to BQ1s (ORs from 2.81 to 4.31). Results showed relatively older players remain overrepresented at senior level likely due to a residual bias effect. Whereas relatively younger players who were able to overcome selection process at youth levels had the highest likelihood of competing at senior levels. Therefore, involving players career trajectories in RAEs studies is needed to understand how relative age impacts career outcomes of early selected players.

PMID:36103671 | DOI:10.1080/24733938.2022.2125170

Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2022 Sep 15. doi: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0020. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Leptin polymorphism (LEP) has been associated with coronary heart disease (CAD), obesity, and high body mass index (BMI). However, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to discover the association because previous studies reached different conclusions.

METHODS: Review Manager, version 5.3.5, and Stata, version 15.0, were used for statistical analysis. We calculated the effect size of the studies using the OR with the corresponding 95% CI, and two-sided (bilateral) p-values of 0.05 were considered significant. To determine heterogeneity among the selected studies, the Q test and I2 statistics were used. Meta-regression was used to examine the disease (heart disease, obesity, and high BMI) and heterogeneity between these subgroups.

RESULTS: Eleven studies with 18,984 subjects were included in this study. The G-2548A (rs12112075), rs7799039, and A19G (rs2167270) polymorphisms of the leptin gene (but not the Lys656Asn (rs1805094) polymorphism) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Our pooled analysis revealed an association between the G-2548A (rs12112075) polymorphism and heart disease, high BMI, and obesity. This indicates that individuals carrying the AA allele are at an increased risk for heart disease, high BMI, and obesity. People with heart failure and coronary artery disease did not have the rs7799039 polymorphism or its alleles linked to them.

CONCLUSIONS: Combined analysis of data from current and published research suggests that the leptin gene polymorphisms G-2548A (rs12112075), rs7799039, and A19G (rs2167270) (but not the Lys656Asn (rs1805094) polymorphism) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Further research is needed to understand this association.

PMID:36103664 | DOI:10.1515/hmbci-2022-0020