Tag: statistics

Vopr Pitan. 2022;91(2):51-57. doi: 10.33029/0042-8833-2022-91-2-51-57. Epub 2022 Mar 14.

ABSTRACT

Sleeping disorders can impair sleeping efficiency and lead to eating disorders and night eating syndrome. Eating disorders and night eating syndrome can be considered as factors that reduce the quality of life. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of eating and sleeping disorders, and night eating syndrome, on quality of life. Material and methods. The sample of the descriptive, cross-sectional research was comprised of 846 students, who were studying at Uskudar University in the 2020/2021 academic year, accepted to participate in the study and provided complete information. Data was collected with a diagnostic form, a SCOFF Eating Disorders Scale form, a Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) form, a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) form, and a World Health Organization Quality of Life Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF-TR) together, all were created in Google Forms and applied online. Research data was evaluated with IBM SPSS v® software. Results. A total of 846 university students, consisting of 712 (84.2%) females and 134 (15.8%) males participated in the study. The mean age of the participants was 21.4±3.1 years, and the mean body mass index was 22.5±8.0 kg/m². Eating disorders risk was found as 38.4%, night eating syndrome risk as 67.7% and all participants had poor sleep quality. WHOQOL-BREF-TR scale’s total and all sub-dimension mean scores were found to be lower in students with a risk of eating disorders and night eating syndrome, compared to students without it (p<0.001). A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the PSQI total score and WHOQOL-BREF-TR scale’s total and all sub-dimension scores of the participants (p<0.001). Conclusion. Students with a risk of night eating syndrome have interrupted sleep due to desire to eat at night, which is another factor that reduces sleep quality. For healthy generations, sleep and nutrition habits should be carefully examined and appropriate treatment methods should be applied by determining the faulty attitudes of individuals in nutrition, eating and sleeping disorders.

PMID:35596635 | DOI:10.33029/0042-8833-2022-91-2-51-57

Vopr Pitan. 2022;91(2):5-14. doi: 10.33029/0042-8833-2022-91-2-5-14. Epub 2022 Mar 14.

ABSTRACT

The TCF7L2 gene is one of the new markers associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Evaluation of the effect of TCF7L2 gene polymorphisms on the effectiveness of hypoglycemic therapy will allow an individual approach to the choice of methods for treating type 2 DM in their carriers. The aim of the research was to study the effect of carriage of TCF7L2 gene polymorphisms on glycemic control parameters in patients with type 2 DM receiving metformin glucose-lowering therapy in combination with a low-calorie version of the standard diet. Material and methods. The study included 55 patients with type 2 DM (mean age 59.9±6.9, BMI 44.3±8.2 kg/m²) receiving metformin monotherapy at a dosage of 1500-2000 mg/day in combination with a low-calorie variant of the standard diet (1730±130 kcal/day). The frequency of occurrence of polymorphisms rs7903146/rs12255372 of the TCF7L2 gene was studied. The indicators of glycemic and metabolic control, anthropometric parameters and body composition were evaluated. Results. The frequency of occurrence of the T-allele of both single nucleotide polymorphisms rs7903146 and rs12255372 of the TCF7L2 gene among patients was 38.2%. Among carriers of the T-allele rs7903146 of the TCF7L2 gene, 72% of patients responded to therapy, showing a statistically significant decrease in the level of fasting glycemia by an average of 16.2±1.6% from the baseline, while among carriers of the CC genotype – 10.5±1.5% (p=0.017). There were no statistically significant changes in glycemic control indicators on hypoglycemic therapy during 7 months of observation, both in the group of T allele and CC genotype carriers. Conclusionss. An improvement in glycemic control was established in patients with type 2 DM among carriers of the T allele rs7903146 of the TCF7L2 gene during metformin therapy in combination with a low-calorie standard diet. The study of TCF7L2 gene polymorphism in combination with indicators of glucose metabolism makes it possible to predict the effectiveness of hypoglycemic therapy with great accuracy.

PMID:35596630 | DOI:10.33029/0042-8833-2022-91-2-5-14

Vopr Pitan. 2022;91(2):43-50. doi: 10.33029/0042-8833-2022-91-2-43-50. Epub 2022 Mar 14.

ABSTRACT

Glutathione is an antioxidant with powerful restorative and detoxifying properties, a progressive decrease in its reserves in erythrocytes and pancreas observed in pancreatic necrosis indicates a lack of functioning of the system for maintaining the level of glutathione in cells and the use of its endogenous reserve. The study of the role of glutathione metabolism enzyme genes in the risk of acute pancreatitis in this regard is especially relevant. The aim of the study was to evaluate the joint contribution of the rs11546155 and rs6119534 polymorphic loci of the GGT7 gene and some risk factors to the development of acute pancreatitis (AP). Material and methods. Molecular genetic analysis of DNA samples of 506 unrelated patients with acute pancreatitis and 524 unrelated individuals of Russian nationality without gastrointestinal diseases, isolated by the standard method of phenol-chloroform extraction, was carried out. The average age of patients was 48.9±13.1 years, healthy persons – 47.8±12.1 years. The diagnosis was established using Clinical guidelines developed by the working group of the Russian Society of Surgeons. All patients signed informed consent to participate in the study. Genotyping was performed using iPLEX technology by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Associations of gene alleles and genotypes with the risk of acute pancreatitis were assessed by the χ2 criterion and the odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical analysis was performed using the SNPStats and Statistica 10.0 programs (Stat-Soft, USA). Results. We have identified an association of the C/T (rs6119534) GGT7 genotype with an increased risk of AP, both in men and women. When analyzing the effect of polymorphic loci on the development of the polymorphic locus rs6119534 of the GGT7 C>T gene with an increased risk of developing acute alcoholic (AAlcP) and biliary pancreatitis (ABP), it was found that the C/T rs6119534 genotype of the GGT7 gene was more common both among patients with AAlcP and ABP, and the G/G GGT7 genotype (rs11546155) was found only among ABP patients. An analysis of the combined influence of polymorphic loci and environmental factors showed that the frequency of drinking alcohol more than 2 times a week and eating fat more than 89 grams per day increased the risk AAlcP in carriers of C/T-T/T rs6119534 of the GGT7 gene. As for ABP, non-smoking carriers of the G/A-A/A GGT7 (rs11546155) genotypes had a reduced risk of the disease, while the consumption of fats over 89 g/day and fresh vegetables and fruits below 27 g/day increased the risk in carriers of genotypes C/T-T/T and C/T rs6119534 of the GGT7 gene, respectively. Conclusion. Polymorphic loci rs6119534 and rs11546155 of the GGT7 gene, when exposed to certain risk factors, increase the risk of acute pancreatitis.

PMID:35596634 | DOI:10.33029/0042-8833-2022-91-2-43-50

Health Soc Care Community. 2022 May 21. doi: 10.1111/hsc.13852. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Grandparenting is known to impact psychological health in older people. However, the extent to which the effect is altered by migration-related and sociodemographic determinants is less clear. Therefore, we conducted this cross-sectional study to investigate whether the association between grandparenting and psychological distress differs between rural-urban migrants and local older adults from May to September 2019. A total of 373 rural-urban migrants and 602 local older adults involved in grandparenting in Hangzhou completed measurements assessing sociodemographic characteristics, childcare burden and psychological distress. In total, 22.2% of the grandparents reported psychological distress. Rural-urban migrant grandparents had a lower socioeconomic status (SES), a higher childcare burden (23.6 ± 9.2 vs. 20.7 ± 9.5, p < 0.001) and higher levels of psychological distress (29.8% vs. 17.4%, p < 0.001) than local grandparents. Childcare burden and pressure from adult children were the most significant predictors for psychological distress in both groups (ps < 0.05). Psychological distress was also significantly associated with self-rated health status (β = -0.276, p = 0.033) and willingness to participate in grandparenting (β = -0.659, p = 0.024) in migrant grandparents but associated with female gender (β = 0.346, p = 0.022), caring for children at night (β = 0.424, p = 0.011), conflict with adult children (β = 0.432, p < 0.001) and annual income (β = -0.237, p < 0.001) in local grandparents. Migrant status showed a statistically significant moderating effect between childcare burden and psychological distress. These results may be of assistance in comprehensively understanding the social determinants of mental health of grandparents involved in grandparenting.

PMID:35596595 | DOI:10.1111/hsc.13852

J Sleep Res. 2022 May 21:e13592. doi: 10.1111/jsr.13592. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Hypoglossal nerve stimulation is an established treatment option for obstructive sleep apnea in selected patients. A unilateral hypoglossal nerve stimulation system was approved a decade ago, yet the physiological effect of unilateral hypoglossal stimulation on bilateral tongue motion remains unclear. This study examined how electrode configuration, stimulation cuff position, or body mass index influenced the contralateral genioglossus electromyography (EMG) signal. Twenty-nine patients underwent three EMG recordings in a polysomnographic setting after being implanted with a unilateral hypoglossal nerve stimulator for at least 6 months. The ratio of EMG signals between the ipsi- and contralateral sides was evaluated. No difference in EMG signals was demonstrated based on electrode configurations, stimulation-cuff position, body-mass-index, or sleep apnea severity, even in patients with right tongue protrusion only. Our findings may be explained by a significant level of cross-innervation and by a smaller and less variable circumferential electric field than expected based on prior biophysical models. A patient’s individual anatomy needs to be considered during therapy titration in order to achieve an optimal response.

PMID:35596592 | DOI:10.1111/jsr.13592

Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2022 May 20. doi: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2081151. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have found potential benefits of vitamin D in relieving pain, while the results from randomized controlled trials of vitamin D for fibromyalgia have been promising. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D in the treatment of fibromyalgia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched. The language used was limited to English. We selected only randomized controlled studies that reported vitamin D versus placebo-controlled cure for fibromyalgia. After extracting valid data, a meta-analysis was performed using Stata version 12.0. The major outcome in the pooled analysis was the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) changes in fibromyalgia patients before and after treatment. The pooled effects were analyzed as mean differences and 95% confidence intervals.

RESULTS: : Five studies including 315 participants were identified. These studies found that vitamin D was effective in reducing Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire scores compared with that in the control group, with significant differences (weighted mean difference = -7.82, 95% confidence interval: -12.05 to -3.59, P < 0.001). However, there was no statistical difference in VAS between the two groups (weighted mean difference = -0.60, 95% confidence interval: -1.38 to 0.17, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Data from randomized controlled studies suggest that vitamin D supplementation may be an effective fibromyalgia therapeutic approach.

PMID:35596576 | DOI:10.1080/17512433.2022.2081151

Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2022 May 20. doi: 10.1111/acps.13457. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the economic value of clinical interventions for delirium. This review aims to synthesise and appraise available economic evidence, including resource use, costs, and cost-effectiveness of interventions for reducing, preventing, and treating delirium.

METHODS: Systematic review of published and grey literature on full and partial economic evaluations. Study quality was assessed using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS).

RESULTS: Fourteen economic evaluations (43% full, 57% partial) across nine multicomponent and nonpharmacological intervention types met inclusion criteria. The intervention costs ranged between US$386-$553 per person in inpatient settings. Multicomponent delirium prevention intervention and the Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP) reported statistically significant cost savings or cost offsets somewhere else in the health system. Cost savings related to inpatient, outpatient, and out-of-pocket costs ranged between $194-$6022 per person . The average CHEERS score was 74% (±SD 10%).

CONCLUSION: Evidence on a joint distribution of costs and outcomes of delirium interventions was limited, varied and of generally low quality. Directed expansion of health economics towards the evaluation of delirium care is necessary to ensure effective implementation that meets patients’ needs and is cost-effective in achieving similar or better outcomes for the same or lower cost.

PMID:35596552 | DOI:10.1111/acps.13457

Thyroid. 2022 May 20. doi: 10.1089/thy.2022.0083. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Thyroid autoimmunity is common in pregnant women and associated with thyroid dysfunction and adverse obstetric outcomes. Most studies focus on thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPOAbs) assessed by negative-positive dichotomy and rarely take into account thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAbs). This study aimed at determining the association of TPOAbs and TgAbs, respectively and interdependently, with maternal thyroid function.

METHODS: This was a meta-analysis of individual participant cross-sectional data from 20 cohorts in the Consortium on Thyroid and Pregnancy. Women with multiple pregnancy, pregnancy by assisted reproductive technology, history of thyroid disease or use of thyroid interfering medication were excluded. Associations of (log2) TPOAbs and TgAbs (with/without mutual adjustment) with cohort-specific z-scores of (log2) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free thyroxine (FT4), total thyroxine (TT4) or T3:T4 ratio were evaluated in a linear mixed model.

RESULTS: In total, 51,138 women participated (51,094 had TPOAb-data and 27,874 TgAb-data). Isolated TPOAb-positivity was present in 4.1% (95% confidence interval(CI):3.0-5.2), isolated TgAb-positivity in 4.8% (95%CI:2.9-6.6), and positivity for both antibodies in 4.7% (95%CI:3.1-6.3). Compared to antibody-negative women, TSH was higher in women with isolated TPOAb-positivity (z-score increment 0.40, 95% confidence interval(CI):0.16-0.64) and TgAb-positivity (0.21,95%CI:0.10-0.32), but highest in those positive for both antibodies (0.54,95%CI:0.36-0.71). There was a dose-response effect of higher TPOAb and TgAb concentrations with higher TSH (TSH z-score increment for TPOAbs 0.12,95%CI:0.09-0.15, TgAbs 0.08,95%CI:0.02-0.15)). When adjusting analyses for the other antibody, only the association of TPOAbs remained statistically significant. Higher TPOAb concentration was associated with lower FT4 (p<0.001) and higher T3:T4 ratio (0.09, 95%CI:0.03-0.14), however, the association with FT4 was not significant when adjusting for TgAbs (p=0.16).

CONCLUSIONS: This individual participant data meta-analysis demonstrated an increase in TSH with isolated TPOAb-positivity and TgAb-positivity, respectively, which was amplified for individuals positive for both antibodies. There was a dose-dependent association of TPOAbs, but not TgAbs, with TSH when adjusting for the other antibody. This supports current practice of using TPOAbs in initial laboratory testing of pregnant women suspected of autoimmune thyroid disease. However, studies on the differences between TPOAb- and TgAb-positive women are needed to fully understand the spectrum of phenotypes.

PMID:35596568 | DOI:10.1089/thy.2022.0083

Inquiry. 2022 Jan-Dec;59:469580221102202. doi: 10.1177/00469580221102202.

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim: Alternative treatments for respiratory disorders attempt to prevent or relieve symptoms and enhance functions. Furthermore, substantial evidence shows that several herbal medicines have been clinically effective against respiratory disorders. Thus this study assesses the Saudi students’ use, beliefs, and practices related to herbal and dietary supplements for the possible prevention of respiratory infections. Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey was designed using Google Forms to collect the data from the healthcare and non-healthcare students currently pursuing their courses at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The data was collected over 4 months, from November 2021 to February 2022, using convenience sampling with a 25-item questionnaire. A statistical package for social sciences, SPSS 26, was used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 274 participants responded to the study. The mean age of the respondents was 21.9 ± 3.08 (mean (SD)). The prevalence of herbal medicine (HM) was found to be 62.7% (n = 172). Around 48.5% (n = 133) of the respondents occasionally used some form of HM during the period of an illness associated with a respiratory infection. About 66% of the respondents agreed that using HMs prevents or controls respiratory symptoms and strengthens immunity. A majority (75.2%) of the respondents agreed that ginger extract possesses antiviral and immunity-boosting properties, followed by garlic extract (59.5%), cinnamon (39.4%), and lemongrass (38.3%). In addition, between 37% and 45.6% of the respondents agreed that vitamin C and vitamin D intake helps in boosting immunity and reducing the likelihood of developing respiratory infections. The overall mean of the positive beliefs and practice score was 9.6 (range 0-14). The mean positive beliefs and practice scores were significantly higher for males (11.4 ± 3.2) compared to females (8.6 ± 3.6) (P < .001). The numbers were not significantly different regardless of the source of information (9.6 ± 3.5), respondents being in health colleges (8.9 ± 4.1) or non-health colleges (9.8 ± 3.7), them being previously or currently infected (9.7 ± 3.8), the absence of infection (9.7 ± 3.8), or the respondents possessing a history of chronic diseases (10.5 ± 3.9) or not (9.5 ± 3.7) (P > .05). Conclusions: This study found a relatively high prevalence of herbal and dietary supplements’ use, positive beliefs, and practices to strengthen one’s immunity against respiratory symptoms.

PMID:35596542 | DOI:10.1177/00469580221102202

Stat Med. 2022 May 20. doi: 10.1002/sim.9443. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This article extends the semiparametric mixed model for longitudinal censored data with Gaussian errors by considering the Student’s t$$ t $$ -distribution. This model allows us to consider a flexible, functional dependence of an outcome variable over the covariates using nonparametric regression. Moreover, the proposed model takes into account the correlation between observations by using random effects. Penalized likelihood equations are applied to derive the maximum likelihood estimates that appear to be robust against outlying observations with respect to the Mahalanobis distance. We estimate nonparametric functions using smoothing splines under an EM-type algorithm framework. Finally, the proposed approach’s performance is evaluated through extensive simulation studies and an application to two datasets from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome clinical trials.

PMID:35596519 | DOI:10.1002/sim.9443