Tag: statistics

BMC Womens Health. 2022 Jul 31;22(1):321. doi: 10.1186/s12905-022-01905-9.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Violence against women is a significant health and legal problem and has been declared as a health priority by the World Health Organization. The most common type of violence against women is domestic violence, more prevalent against women with disabilities than other women. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating neurological disease and has experienced sudden growth in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of domestic violence and its various types (psychological, economic, physical, and sexual) experienced by women with MS.

METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 275 married women with MS were selected using convenience sampling. After obtaining informed consent and reviewing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the Domestic Violence against Women Questionnaire developed by Mohseni Tabrizi et al. was completed by the participants on a self-report basis. The results were analyzed using SPSS software version 16. To analyze data, statistical tests including chi-square and Fisher exact tests for univariate analysis and logistic regression, were employed.

RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 37.12 ± 8.48 years. Domestic violence in different forms of psychological, economic, physical, and sexual violence was present in 53.1%, 63%, 33.6%, and 20.4% of participants, respectively. Economic violence (33.8%) was the highest, and sexual violence (5.1%) was the lowest rate of severe violence among participants. There was a significant relationship between the overall rate of domestic violence and the variables including income (P = 0.013), spouse’s income (P = 0.001), participant’s job (P = 0.036) and participant’s education (P = 0.001). In logistic regression, the overall rate of domestic violence was higher in participants with education less than a diploma than in participants with a diploma (P = 0.014) and participants with a university education (P = 0.016).

CONCLUSION: According to the results, providing opportunities such as promoting the social status of women, fulfilling the rights of women with disabilities and debilitating diseases such as MS in society is recommended. Additionally, educating men about the negative impact of domestic violence on the current and future status of the family seems necessary. Providing counseling facilities on various forms of violence, especially domestic violence, for women with MS, is also recommended.

PMID:35909119 | DOI:10.1186/s12905-022-01905-9

Contracept Reprod Med. 2022 Aug 1;7(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s40834-022-00178-9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Unmet need for family planning has been remaining high in developing countries than developed countries, notably in sub-Saharan Africa. Data on unmet needs can help countries set service priorities. This study aimed to explore the geographical disparities of unmet need among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia using a 2016 national population-based survey.

METHODS: This study was based on the nationally representative 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. We used a total weighted sample of 15,683 reproductive-aged women. A multi-level logistic regression analysis was used to account for the Demographic Health Survey data’s hierarchal nature. In the multivariable multi-level analysis, those variables with a p-value < 0.05 were significantly associated with unmet needs. Spatial autocorrelation techniques were used to explore the clustering tendencies of unmet needss using Getis-Ord Gi* statistics.

RESULTS: Overall, 15.2% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 14.63, 15.76) of women of the reproductive age group in Ethiopia had an unmet need for family planning in 2016. In multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis; individual-level variables such as being married (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 25.7,95% CI: 11.50,60.42), lowest wealth status (AOR = 1.43,95% CI:1.14,1.79), having five or more children (AOR = 1.98, 95% CI:1.62,2.41), being a follower of Muslim religion (AOR = 1.35,95% CI:1.03,1.76) and protestant religion (AOR = 0.73,95% CI: 0.53,0.99) than orthodox Christian followers were statistically associated factors with unmet need. Among community-level variables; being in rural residency (AOR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.93), belong to the Oromia region (AOR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.10, 2.11) and Somali region (AOR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.61) were significantly associated unmet need. The spatial analysis of unmet need among all women revealed that Oromia, Southern Nations, and Nationality of People and Gambela regions had high hotspots than other parts of the country.

CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the prevalence of unmet needs was high. Significant regional unmet need variation was indicated among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia, specifically in western parts of the country. Wealth status, number of children, marital status, residence, and religion were the most important associated factors with unmet needs. Addressing unmet needs targeted rural residents with low socioeconomic status, and western regions should be given top priority.

PMID:35909115 | DOI:10.1186/s40834-022-00178-9

Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2022 Jul 29. doi: 10.14701/ahbps.22-041. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: In Korea, pancreatic cancer and “gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct cancer” were ranked the 8th and 9th most frequent cancers in 2019 and the 4th and 6th most common causes of cancer deaths in 2020, respectively.

METHODS: This review provides national cancer statistics and secular trends of 207,521 patients with gallbladder (n = 44,178), extrahepatic bile duct (n = 61,856), and pancreatic cancer (n = 101,487) between 1999 and 2019 in Korea.

RESULTS: The crude incidence rate in both sexes increased in the gallbladder (2.8 to 5.4 per 100,000), extrahepatic bile duct (3.6 to 9.0), and pancreatic cancer (5.5 to 15.8). The age-standardized incidence rate in both sexes significantly increased in the extrahepatic bile duct (3.7 to 4.1) and pancreatic (5.6 to 7.6) cancers but decreased in gallbladder cancer (2.9 to 2.4). The overall 5-year relative survival rate increased in the gallbladder (21.8% to 30.6%), extrahepatic bile duct (23.1% to 27.5%), and pancreatic (8.5% to 13.3%) cancers. Between 2006 and 2019, the proportion of localized or regional stages remained stable. The proportion of surgical treatment within the first 4 months after diagnosis was relatively higher in the gallbladder (42.2%) and extrahepatic bile duct (45.9%) cancers than in pancreatic cancer (22.2%).

CONCLUSIONS: The crude incidence and mortality rates of the gallbladder, extrahepatic bile duct, and pancreatic cancer are steadily increasing in Korea, and the prognosis remains poor. Early detection, active application of surgical treatment, and minimization of the proportion of untreated patients are required to improve the survival rates of these cancers.

PMID:35909086 | DOI:10.14701/ahbps.22-041

J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2022 Jul 11:S1053-0770(22)00519-5. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.07.005. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To identify and quantify the predictors of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) use among the patients undergoing cardiac valve or isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

DESIGN: An observational cohort study.

SETTING: This study used the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services administrative claims dataset of the beneficiaries undergoing valve or isolated CABG surgery between 2013 to 2015.

PARTICIPANTS: Adults aged ≥65 years of age undergoing cardiac valve or isolated CABG surgery.

INTERVENTIONS: Generalized linear mixed-model (GLMM) analyses were used to examine the relationship between the TEE and patient characteristics, hospital factors, and staffing differences, while accounting for clustering within hospitals. The proportion of variation in TEE use attributable to patient-level characteristics was quantified using odds ratios. Hospital-level factors and staffing differences were quantified using the median odds ratios (MOR) and interval odds ratios (IOR).

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among 261,860 patients (123,702 valve procedures and 138,158 isolated CABG), the GLMM analysis demonstrated that the strongest predictor for intraoperative TEE use was the hospital where the surgery occurred (MOR for TEE of 2.57 in valve and 4.16 in isolated CABG). The TEE staffing variable reduced the previously unexplained across-hospital variability by 9% in valve and 21% in isolated CABG, and hospitals with anesthesiologist TEE staffing (versus mixed) were more likely to use TEE in both valve and CABG (MOR for TEE of 1.21 in valve and 1.84 in isolated CABG).

CONCLUSION: Hospital practice was the strongest predictor for TEE use overall. In isolated CABG surgery, hospitals with anesthesiologist TEE staffing were a primary predictor for TEE use.

PMID:35909042 | DOI:10.1053/j.jvca.2022.07.005

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2022 Jun 17:S1748-6815(22)00323-0. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.06.007. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Acute upper limb infections represent a large proportion of on-call referrals and emergency theatre time in plastic surgery. To enable us to maintain effective service provision despite reallocation of hospital resources as a result of COVID-19, and to minimise patient exposure in a hospital setting during the pandemic, we introduced a walk-in clinic and dedicated local anaesthetic (LA) operating theatre for these infections. In this work, we sought to analyse our service changes and resulting patient outcomes. Using electronic records, data from patients presenting with upper extremity infections was collected before the pandemic from 1st January to 30th March 2020, then for a period of three months from 30th March until 30th June 2020, after our changes were implemented. Seventy-two patients were included before 30th March 2020, and 49 patients after. Prior to our changes, most patients underwent surgery (n = 58, 80.6%), requiring overnight admission (n = 64, 88.9%), following mainly general anaesthetic procedures (n = 56, 96.6%). After our service changes, a similar percentage of patients were treated operatively (n = 41, 83.7%), but these procedures mostly utilised LA (n = 37, 90.2%) in the outpatient setting (n = 25, 51.0%). Despite this shift in management approach, no statistically significant difference in readmission rates was calculated between the two groups (p = 0.556) and post-operative complications were fewer in absolute terms. Our results suggest that in many instances, these infections can be managed in an outpatient setting without the need for inpatient care. Selective admission with strict follow-up of patients may be feasible, improving patient experience and reducing resource burden.

PMID:35909036 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2022.06.007

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022 Jul 28:S0901-5027(22)00304-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2022.07.004. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Dentoskeletal changes in minimally invasive surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) were evaluated using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). This was a prospective study of 30 patients who underwent minimally invasive SARPE performed under local anaesthesia plus sedation by the same surgeon, in an ambulatory setting. Pre- and postoperative CBCT images were obtained for each patient. A statistically significant increase in the linear transverse dimensions of the maxilla occurred systematically. In the canine region, a mean increase of 5.84 mm occurred at the apex level and 7.82 mm at the crown level. These dimensions were 4.83 mm and 7.68 mm, respectively, in the molar region. The cross-sectional area of the maxilla increased by a mean 12.9 mm² at the palate level and 23.3 mm² at the crown level. Dental inclination to the buccal aspect was detected (mean 6.1° at the canines and 8.4° at the first molars). The alveolar process tipped buccally 10° at the molar level. Nasal width increased a mean of 3.0 mm at the canine level. Through a three-dimensional analysis, this study found that minimally invasive SARPE was effective in the correction of transverse maxillary discrepancies> 5 mm in non-growing patients. Although dental inclination to the buccal aspect occurred, significant expansion of the maxilla at the skeletal and dentoalveolar levels was confirmed.

PMID:35909027 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijom.2022.07.004

Foot Ankle Surg. 2022 Jul 13:S1268-7731(22)00134-5. doi: 10.1016/j.fas.2022.07.003. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Various fixation methods have been described for Akin osteotomy, based on using metal implants or transosseous sutures. The aim of this study was to evaluate radiological outcomes and complications of closing wedge Akin osteotomy based on a crossed suture configuration of the joint capsule rather than using implants. The null hypothesis is that a crossed suture has comparable radiological results to other techniques, with no additional complications.

METHODS: It’s a retrospective study. Patients who underwent Akin osteotomy fixed either with implant or joint capsule suture between 2015 and 2018 were included. Distal articular set angle corrections in pre- and postoperative anteroposterior foot x-rays were calculated by 2 observers. Complications, such as pain, infection, non-union and need of surgery revision, was compared at 1 year follow-up.

RESULTS: 89 patients, 30 in the implant group and 59 in the suture group. Mean distal articular set angle corrections were 6.43 (SD 5.54) and 7.36 (SD 5.48) degrees in the implant and suture groups, respectively, without statistically significant differences (p 0.454). Complications were 2 local pain and 1 wound infection cases in the suture and implant groups, respectively (p 0.138, p 0.197).

CONCLUSION: Akin osteotomy with suture fixation yields comparable radiological results to metal implant fixation methods without increasing the associated complications.

PMID:35909025 | DOI:10.1016/j.fas.2022.07.003

Arch Bronconeumol. 2022 Jul 20:S0300-2896(22)00492-6. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2022.07.006. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:35908987 | DOI:10.1016/j.arbres.2022.07.006

Gynecol Oncol. 2022 Jul 28:S0090-8258(22)00510-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.07.025. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Endosalpingiosis is a poorly understood condition of ectopic epithelium resembling the fallopian tubes. It has been described as an incidental pathology finding, a disease similar to endometriosis, and in association with malignancy. The objective of this study is to determine if endosalpingiosis (ES) has an increased association with gynecologic malignancy when compared to endometriosis (EM).

METHODS: This is a retrospective case-control analysis of patients with a histologic diagnosis of endosalpingiosis or endometriosis at three affiliated academic hospitals between 2000 and 2020. All ES patients were included, and 1:1 matching was attempted to obtain a comparable cohort of EM patients. Demographic and clinical data were obtained, and statistical analysis was performed.

RESULTS: A total of 967 patients (515 ES and 452 EM) were included. ES patients were significantly older than EM patients (median age 52 vs 48 years, p < 0.001). The ES group had significantly more cancer diagnoses at surgery than the EM group (40.1% vs 18.1%, p < 0.001); this difference persisted in a sub-analysis excluding patients with known or suspected malignancy (20.9% vs 5.6%, p < 0.001). ES patients had lower overall survival (10-year freedom from death: 77.0% vs 90.5%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, multivariable analysis showed that ES patients had increased cancer diagnosed at surgery (OR = 2.48, p < 0.001) and greater risk of death (OR = 1.69, p = 0.017).

CONCLUSIONS: Endosalpingiosis was found concurrently with malignancy in 40% of cases, and this effect was preserved in multi-variable and sub-group analyses. Further research consisting of longer follow-up and exploration of molecular relationships between ES and cancer are forthcoming.

PMID:35909004 | DOI:10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.07.025

Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2022 Jul 29. doi: 10.11236/jph.21-118. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Objectives Some young adults often tend to perceive interpersonal relationships and social interactions as stressful, and as such, avoid them. Seeking help from parents and interactions with neighbors during childhood are known to be important in forming positive impressions of people, thereby influencing help-seeking behavior in adulthood. However, it remains unclear how these experiences are related and how they influence interpersonal relationships in adulthood. This study aimed to investigate whether childhood experience(s) of social interactions in the community has any modifying effect on the association between seeking support from parents in childhood and avoidance of interpersonal relationships in adulthood.Methods Data pertaining to 1,274 individuals (aged 18 to 39 years) were collected from a questionnaire survey conducted in 2018 by Nagoya City of Japan. Modified Poisson regression analyses were performed to estimate the prevalence ratio of current avoidance of interpersonal relationships depending on the experience(s) of seeking help from a parent (father/mother analyzed respectively) and participating in community events in childhood. Data were stratified according to gender, and adjusted for age, parents’ educational background, mother’s working status in childhood, subjective recognition of economic status in childhood and seeking help from the other parent. Effect estimates were calculated to evaluate the existence of any modifying effect.Results No modifying effect of participating in community events in childhood was seen in the association between experience of seeking help from the father and current avoidance of interpersonal relationships, in either gender. Regarding experience of seeking help from the mother, a modifying effect was seen in men. Among men who had sought help from their mother, those who had participated in community events were less likely to avoid interpersonal relationships in adulthood.Conclusion In order to reduce the tendency to avoid interpersonal relationships in adulthood, childhood experiences of seeking help from the mother and participating in community events may be important, particularly for men. In addition to appropriate parental support, promoting interactive events for children in communities may mitigate the problem of poor social skills later in life.

PMID:35908927 | DOI:10.11236/jph.21-118