Tag: statistics

J Prosthodont. 2022 May 14. doi: 10.1111/jopr.13534. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Innovations in macroimplant design, specifically ultrawide implants 7.0 mm or greater in diameter, have allowed immediate molar replacement. This is a retrospective study assessing the survival rates of ultrawide diameter implants (7.0, 8.0, 9.0 mm) immediately placed into molar extraction sockets. Implants were followed up to 144 months post-placement.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted of all patients treated in a private surgical practice between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2020, who received ultrawide dental implants (7.0, 8,0, 9.0mm.) placed immediately into molar extraction sockets. Wide diameter healing abutments were placed on all implants at the time of surgery. Abutments and crown restorations were fabricated after at least 4 months of unloaded healing. Patient age, gender, implant location and implant diameters were examined for survival. Insertion torque values at the time of placement and time in function were also evaluated. Biometric statistics were computed with P values (<0.05. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed; P values were set at .05.

RESULTS: Five hundred forty-four patients (225 males; 319 females) [average age 62.5 years; range 27 to 95] had 563 implants placed. Five hundred thirty-five of five hundred sixty-three (535/563) implants survived; 28 failed [clinical survival rate (CSR) 95.03%]. Number and time in function were: 0-12 years 100%; 0-9 years 85%; 0-6 years 69%; 0-3 years 35% or 10-12 years 16%; 7-9 years 16%; 4-6 years 34%; 0-3 years 35%. No significant differences were found between gender and implant failures (p = 0.22). Maxillary (266/285; 93.3%) and mandibular (269/278; 96.8%) implant CSRs were not significantly different. Three implant diameters were used: 7.0 mm (206/563) [36.6%]; 8.0 mm (267/563) [47.4%]; 9.0 mm (90/563) [15.9%]. Clinical survival rates were: 7.0 mm (201/206) [97.6%]; 8.0 mm (252/267) [94.4%]; 9.0 mm (82/90) [91.1%]. Mean age for patients with failed implants did not show any significant differences (p = 0.1398). Fifteen of the 28 failed implants failed within 120 days of surgical placement (prior to definitive restoration; [53.6%]; 4 implants failed between 4 and 12 months [14.3%]; 9 implants failed at least 1-year post-loading [32.1%].

CONCLUSIONS: The results of this long-term retrospective study regarding ultrawide diameter implants suggested that these implants were viable treatment options for immediate molar replacement following tooth extraction in either jaw with an unloaded healing protocol. High clinical survival rates were reported over a 144 month (12 year) timeframe. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35567405 | DOI:10.1111/jopr.13534

Laryngoscope. 2022 May 14. doi: 10.1002/lary.30214. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. These tumors frequently stain positive for HER2/ErbB2, but data on the prognostic significance of HER2 status in SDC are mixed. We sought to determine whether HER2 status affects survival outcomes in SDC.

METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to October 2020. Eligibility was restricted to studies reporting HER2/ErbB2 overexpression in histologically confirmed de novo SDC or SDC ex pleomorphic adenoma, with corresponding overall (OS) and disease-free (DFS) survival measures. Separate multivariable and univariable meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models. Statistical heterogeneity was estimated by Cochran’s Q and I² tests. Funnel plots were generated and Egger’s test was used to assess for publication bias. The risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

RESULTS: Of 183 unique citations, 14 studies of 663 patients were included. Most included studies determined HER2 status according to ASCO/CAP guidelines. The univariable meta-analysis did not reveal an effect between HER2 status and OS (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.84-1.42). In the multivariable analysis, HER2 positivity was associated with a HR of 1.49 for OS (95% CI 0.96-2.30). Fewer studies reported data for DFS than OS, with no relationship between HER2 status and DFS found on multivariable or univariable meta-analyses.

CONCLUSION: In patients with salivary duct carcinoma, HER2 positivity was not found to be associated with worse overall survival. This information may be useful when counseling patients and considering treatment options. Laryngoscope, 2022.

PMID:35567387 | DOI:10.1002/lary.30214

Stat Med. 2022 May 14. doi: 10.1002/sim.9431. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The continuous evolution of metabolomics over the past two decades has stimulated the search for metabolic biomarkers of many diseases. Metabolomic data measured from urinary samples can provide rich information of the biological events triggered by organ rejection in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. With additional validation, metabolic markers can be used to build clinically useful diagnostic tools. However, there are many methodological steps ranging from data processing to modeling that can influence the performance of the resulting metabolomic classifiers. In this study we focus on the comparison of various classification methods that can handle the complex structure of metabolomic data, including regularized classifiers, partial least squares discriminant analysis, and nonlinear classification models. We also examine the effectiveness of a physiological normalization technique widely used in the clinical and biochemical literature but not extensively analyzed and compared in urine metabolomic studies. While the main objective of this work is to interrogate metabolomic data of pediatric kidney transplant recipients to improve the diagnosis of T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR), we also analyze three independent datasets from other disease conditions to investigate the generalizability of our findings.

PMID:35567357 | DOI:10.1002/sim.9431

J Sleep Res. 2022 May 14:e13635. doi: 10.1111/jsr.13635. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In adults, recent evidence demonstrates that sleep and circadian physiology change across lunar phases, including findings that endogenous melatonin levels are lower near the full moon compared to the new moon. Here, we extend these results to early childhood by examining circalunar fluctuations in children’s evening melatonin levels. We analysed extant data on young children’s circadian rhythms (n = 46, aged 3.0-5.9 years, 59% female). After following a strict sleep schedule for 5-7 days, children completed an in-home, dim-light circadian assessment (<10 lux). Salivary melatonin was assessed at regular 20- to 30-min intervals until 1 h past each child’s scheduled bedtime. Melatonin levels varied significantly across lunar phases, such that melatonin was lower in participants assessed near the full moon as compared to near the new moon. Significant differences were observed at 50 min (mean_full = 2.5 pg/ml; mean_new = 5.4 pg/ml) and 10 min (mean_full = 7.3 pg/ml; mean_new = 15.8 pg/ml) before children’s scheduled bedtime, as well as at 20 min (mean_full = 15.5 pg/ml; mean_new = 26.1 pg/ml) and 50 min (mean_full = 19.9 pg/ml; mean_new = 34.3 pg/ml) after bedtime. To our knowledge, these are the first data demonstrating that melatonin secretion, a process regulated by the human circadian system, is sensitive to changes in lunar phase at an early age. Future research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying this association (e.g., an endogenous circalunar rhythm) and its potential influence on children’s sleep and circadian health.

PMID:35567349 | DOI:10.1111/jsr.13635

Am J Mens Health. 2022 May-Jun;16(3):15579883221099427. doi: 10.1177/15579883221099427.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:35567283 | DOI:10.1177/15579883221099427

Biometrics. 2022 May 13. doi: 10.1111/biom.13693. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The Globaltest is a powerful test for the global null hypothesis that there is no association between a group of features and a response of interest, which is popular in pathway testing in metabolomics. Evaluating multiple feature sets, however, requires multiple testing correction. In this paper, we propose a multiple testing method, based on closed testing, specifically designed for the Globaltest. The proposed method controls the family-wise error rate simultaneously over all possible feature sets, and therefore allows post hoc inference, i.e. the researcher may choose feature sets of interest after seeing the data without jeopardizing error control. To circumvent the exponential computation time of closed testing, we derive a novel shortcut that allows exact closed testing to be performed on the scale of metabolomics data. An R package ctgt is available on CRAN for the implementation of the shortcut procedure, with applications on several real metabolomics data examples. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35567306 | DOI:10.1111/biom.13693

Am Surg. 2022 May 13:31348221101489. doi: 10.1177/00031348221101489. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Stop the Bleed (STB) is a national training program aiming to decrease the mortality associated with life-threatening bleeding due to injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and confidence level of security personnel placing a tourniquet (TQ) compared to civilians.

METHODS: Pre and post questionnaires were shared with security personnel (Group 1) and civilians (Group 2). Both groups were assessed to determine comfort level with TQ placement. Time and success rate for placement was recorded pre- and post-STB training. A generalized linear mixed model or generalized estimating equations was used to compare pre and post measurements.

RESULTS: There were 234 subjects enrolled. There was a statistically significant improvement between the pre- and post-training responses in both groups with respect to comfort level in placing a TQ. Participants also demonstrated increased familiarity with the anatomy and bleeding control after STB training. A higher successful TQ placement was obtained in both groups after STB training (Pre-training: Group 1 [17.4%], Group 2 [12.8%]; Post-training: Group 1 [94.8%], Group 2 [92.3%]). Both groups demonstrated improved time to TA placement with a longer mean time improvement achieved in Group 1. Although the time to TQ placement pre-and post-training was statistically significant, we found that the post-training times between Groups 1 and 2 were similar (P = .983).

CONCLUSIONS: Participants improved their confidence level with the use of hemorrhage control techniques and dramatically increased the rate and time to successful placement of a TQ. While civilians had the greatest increase in comfort level, the security personnel group saw the most significant reduction in the time to successful TQ placement. These findings highlight the critical role of STB in educating and empowering both civilians and security personnel in bleeding control techniques.

PMID:35567282 | DOI:10.1177/00031348221101489

Am Surg. 2022 May 13:31348221101486. doi: 10.1177/00031348221101486. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Residents of plain communities constitute an underserved minority population that is not reliably captured in contemporary surgical outcomes research. We hypothesized that plain communities (PC) patients would have higher postoperative complication rates than a general surgical population.

METHODS: A retrospective review of 30-day postoperative outcomes for PC patients compared to a majority (non-PC) matched patient population from September 2014 to March 2020 was performed. The primary outcome measure was any complication within 30 days of surgery.

RESULTS: 270 PC patients were matched with 493 non-PC patients. The 30-day complication rate was higher for the PC group (6.3% vs 3.7%, P = .09), though not statistically significant. There was significantly lower utilization of preventive care services, and postoperative follow-up among PC patients.

DISCUSSION: Although our regional PC surgical patient population utilized preventive and postoperative health care services less than the non-PC population, there was no statistically significant difference in overall 30-day postoperative morbidity or mortality.

PMID:35567279 | DOI:10.1177/00031348221101486

Plants (Basel). 2022 May 6;11(9):1256. doi: 10.3390/plants11091256.

ABSTRACT

The present article aimed to study the effects of four selected concentrations (1%, 2%, 5%, and 10%) of apple pomace powder (APP), obtained from juice production, on the nutritional value and selected physico-chemical, antioxidant, and sensory properties of wheat bread. We have found that the ash and total carbohydrate contents, total polyphenols content, and antioxidant activity of the supplemented bread loaves were markedly higher (p &lt; 0.05) as compared to the control ones. On the other hand, values for protein and fat contents and loaf volume in APP-containing bread samples were statistically lower (p &lt; 0.05). Finally, sensory evaluation revealed no significant differences in all tested attributes between the investigated groups of bread samples. The current results suggest that 10% APP addition appears to be an attractive ingredient applied to bread formulation to obtain a bakery product with high nutritional value and required qualitative and sensory properties. In such a manner, apple pomace as by-products from apple juice processing can be efficiently utilized in an eco-friendly way by the food industry to decrease unnecessary waste and environmental pollution.

PMID:35567257 | DOI:10.3390/plants11091256

Plants (Basel). 2022 Apr 26;11(9):1166. doi: 10.3390/plants11091166.

ABSTRACT

Environmental conditions are crucial for crops’ growth, development, and productivity. One of the most important physiological factors associated with the production of crops is the use of solar radiation for the photosynthesis process, which determines the amount of assimilates available for crop growth and yield. Three age classes (4, 6, and 14 years) and three planting densities (143, 128, and 115 palms ha^-1) were evaluated in a commercial interspecific Elaeis Oleifera x Elaeis guineensis hybrid Coari x La Mé. The light interception patterns and the photosynthetic performance were determined. Measurements were taken of the leaf area, the number of leaves, and incident and photosynthetically transmitted active radiation. Also, photosynthetic rates, light, and yield were measured. The canopy extinction coefficient (Kc) was estimated using the Monsi and Saeki model. Under the evaluated conditions, the average Kc value for 4-year-old palms was 0.44; for the 6-year-old group of palms, the average value was 0.40, and 0.32 for the 14-year-old palms, with coefficients of determination (R²) greater than 0.8. A pattern associated with the age of the crop was observed, where the Kc decreased in groups of adult palms. The results showed increased Kc as the planting density decreased. No statistically significant differences were observed between planting densities or ages in the light and CO₂ curves regarding photosynthesis. The leaf level in which the measurement was made influenced photosynthesis. Thus, the highest values of the photosynthesis parameters were observed in leaf 17. The crop yield tended to stabilize 8 years after planting under 143 and 128 palms per hectare, but 14 years after planting, the Fresh fruit bunch (FFB) production was still growing under 115 palms per hectare. The results showed that, up to year 14 after planting, the highest cumulative yield was achieved with 115 palms per hectare. This was partly caused by a sharp decline in production observed under 128 palms per hectare, which could indicate that in the long production cycle of the OxG hybrids, the 115-palms-per-hectare planting density would result in higher cumulative FFB production. Furthermore, the results showed that the optimum planting density for the hybrids of the present study would be 120 palms ha^-1, corresponding to a planting distance of 9.8 m between plants.

PMID:35567167 | DOI:10.3390/plants11091166