Tag: statistics

BJU Int. 2022 Jun;130 Suppl 1:28-36. doi: 10.1111/bju.15724.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To assess the correlation of pathological radical prostatectomy (RP) specimen features and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) characteristics to imaging findings on subsequent ¹⁸ F-DCFPyL positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with biochemical failure (BF).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of combined ¹⁸ F-DCFPyL PET/CT database of patients from centres in Australia and New Zealand was performed. A total of 205 patients presenting with BF after RP were included in this study. Imaging findings on ¹⁸ F-DCFPyL PET/CT were recorded and correlated with the PSA characteristics at BF and pathological features of the original tumour.

RESULTS: Of the 205 patients, 120 (58.5%) had evidence of abnormal prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression compatible with recurrent prostate cancer. Increasing PSA velocity (P = 0.01), International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Grade Group (P = 0.02), lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.05) and nodal positivity (P = 0.02) at the time of RP were more likely to demonstrate PSMA positivity. Multivariable logistic regression revealed a higher PSA level prior to PSMA PET/CT (P < 0.01), adjuvant radiotherapy (P = 0.09), Gleason score ≥8 (P < 0.01) and nodal positivity (P = 0.05) were all predictive of PSMA positivity.

CONCLUSION: ¹⁸ F-DCFPyL PET/CT positivity, both generally and site specific, correlates with PSA and RP pathological factors. Our results echo cohorts focussing on post-RP patients, those imaged with ⁶⁸ Ga-PSMA and those concerning biochemical persistence. Nomograms that include risk factors for ‘PSMA-positive recurrence’ in the BF population may increase the catchment of patients with disease confined to the prostate bed or pelvis who have a greater probability of prolonged disease-free survival.

PMID:35768883 | DOI:10.1111/bju.15724

BMC Rheumatol. 2022 Jun 30;6(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s41927-022-00275-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Increased cancer-risk has been reported with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, but the risk is poorly studied in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Conflicting data in AS have been reported in Asia and Europe, with lack of US population-based studies. Our objective is to study the prevalence of cancer in patients with AS in the US.

METHODS: Using the Explorys database, we performed a cross-sectional study. Data from AS patients and controls were stratified by 2 rheumatology visits, age groups, clinical characteristics, and frequency of cancers. The data were analyzed using a series of chi-square tests of independence as well as logistic regression to test for association between AS and cancer.

RESULTS: 1410 AS patients (12.88%) had cancer. Female AS patients had a lower prevalence of cancer compared to controls (OR 0.840, 95% CI [0.769, 0.916]), while male AS patients had no statistically significant difference (OR 1.011, 95% CI [0.929, 1.099]). Among patients with AS, Skin cancers (squamous cell, malignant melanoma, and basal cell) and head and neck cancers were significantly increased.

CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that the prevalence of “any-type-cancer” was not increased in AS patients compared to controls with no rheumatic disease. Skin, head, and neck cancers were more frequently seen in AS patients.

PMID:35768880 | DOI:10.1186/s41927-022-00275-x

BMC Nurs. 2022 Jun 29;21(1):171. doi: 10.1186/s12912-022-00950-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Whether knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses on nursing post-stroke dysphagia patients varies between different ranking hospitals is still unknown. This study aimed to compare the knowledge, attitude and practice level of nurses on nursing post-stroke dysphagia patients between iii-A and ii-A hospitals in China.

DESIGN: A cross-sectional study design was used.

METHODS: Data were collected from eighteen hospitals in Wuhan, Hubei in May-July 2020, and a total of 824 nurses were recruited by convenient sampling. After propensity score matching, 205 participants in iii-A hospitals were matched with 205 participants in ii-A hospitals.

RESULTS: There were no statistically differences in the socio-demographic characteristics between two groups after propensity score matching. Before matching, the regression coefficients between hospital ranking and knowledge, attitude, practice were -0.415, -0.718 and -1.855, respectively. After matching, the coefficients changed to -0.394, -0.824 and -1.278. Nurses from iii-A hospitals had higher knowledge and attitude scores than nurses from ii-A hospitals, but no significant practice scores difference was observed between various rankings of hospitals.

CONCLUSIONS: The KAP of nurses on nursing post-stroke dysphagia patients were different in iii-A and ii-A hospitals. Administrators should strengthen management, provide more learning resources and trainings to meet nurses’ needs about methods to deal with and recognize dysphagia, so as to further improve the quality of post-stroke dysphagia management.

PMID:35768870 | DOI:10.1186/s12912-022-00950-x

Genome Biol. 2022 Jun 29;23(1):142. doi: 10.1186/s13059-022-02704-z.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:35768851 | DOI:10.1186/s13059-022-02704-z

BMC Public Health. 2022 Jun 29;22(1):1266. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13508-y.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: South Africa’s National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), the only clinical laboratory service in the country’s public health sector, is an important resource for monitoring public health programmes.

OBJECTIVES: We describe NHLS data quality, particularly patient demographics among infants, and the effect this has on linking multiple test results to a single patient.

METHODS: Retrospective descriptive analysis of NHLS data from 1^st January 2017-1^st September 2020 was performed. A validated probabilistic record-linking algorithm linked multiple results to individual patients in lieu of a unique patient identifier. Paediatric HIV PCR data was used to illustrate the effect on monitoring and evaluating a public health programme. Descriptive statistics including medians, proportions and inter quartile ranges are reported, with Chi-square univariate tests for independence used to determine association between variables.

RESULTS: During the period analysed, 485 300 007 tests, 98 217 642 encounters and 35 771 846 patients met criteria for analysis. Overall, 15.80% (n = 15 515 380) of all encounters had a registered national identity (ID) number, 2.11% (n = 2 069 785) were registered without a given name, 63.15% (n = 62 020 107) were registered to women and 32.89% (n = 32 304 329) of all folder numbers were listed as either the patient’s date of birth or unknown. For infants tested at < 7 days of age (n = 2 565 329), 0.099% (n = 2 534) had an associated ID number and 48.87% (n = 1 253 620) were registered without a given name. Encounters with a given name were linked to a subsequent encounter 40.78% (n = 14 180 409 of 34 775 617) of the time, significantly more often than the 21.85% (n = 217 660 of 996 229) of encounters registered with a baby-derivative name (p-value < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Unavailability and poor capturing of patient demographics, especially among infants and children, affects the ability to accurately monitor routine health programmes. A unique national patient identifier, other than the national ID number, is urgently required and must be available at birth if South Africa is to accurately monitor programmes such as the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV.

PMID:35768861 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-022-13508-y

Transl Neurodegener. 2022 Jun 29;11(1):35. doi: 10.1186/s40035-022-00310-4.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:35768847 | DOI:10.1186/s40035-022-00310-4

BMC Surg. 2022 Jun 29;22(1):250. doi: 10.1186/s12893-022-01703-y.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of sternoclavicular hook plate for treatment of proximal clavicle fracture with dislocation of sternoclavicular joint.

METHODS: Between October 2016 and December 2020, 16 cases (9 male and 7 female patient, with a mean age of (42 ± 10) years) of proximal clavicle fracture with dislocation of sternoclavicular joint were included in the study. Injured side, injury mechanism, time to surgery, Complications and duration of follow-up were recorded. The outcomes were evaluated with radiographic assessment, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons’ Form (ASES). All the patients were evaluated on postoperative 3rd, 6th, and 12th months.

RESULTS: According to the ASES scoring system, the average score was 49 ± 4 (preoperative score), 87 ± 5 (3 months follow-up), 88 ± 3 (6 months follow-up) and 91 ± 3 (12 months follow-up). Statistics differences was showed between preoperative and 3,6,12 months follow-up score of ASES score (p < 0.001). The postoperative physical function was better than the preoperative function. Internal fixation failure and fracture non-union complications in two patients.

CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that open reduction and sternoclavicular hook plate fixation for the treatment of traumatic sternoclavicular fracture is a safe, relatively straightforward surgical procedure that can lead to satisfactory outcomes.

PMID:35768816 | DOI:10.1186/s12893-022-01703-y

BMC Geriatr. 2022 Jun 29;22(1):538. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03183-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of of cross-sectional research that has investigated muscle morphology, function, and functional capability in all age-bands of healthy adults. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate age-related differences in indices of vastus lateralis (VL) muscle morphology, function and functional capability in a sample of healthy males and females aged 18-70yrs. Secondary aims were to evaluate relationships between age and VL muscle morphology and function and functional capability.

METHODS: B mode Ultrasonography and Tensiomyography were used to measure VL muscle thickness, pennation angle, fascicle length, and contractile properties in 274 healthy adults aged 18-70yrs. Measurements of grip strength and functional capability (1-min chair rise test) were also taken. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlations, one-way ANOVAs, and multiple regressions.

RESULTS: Negative correlations were found between age and muscle thickness (r_s = -.56), pennation angle (r_s = -.50), fascicle length (r_s = -.30), maximal displacement (r_s = -.24), grip strength (r_s = -.27) and the 1-min chair rise test (r_s = -.32). Positive correlations were observed between age and the echo intensity of the muscle (r_s = .40) and total contraction time (r_s = .20). Differences in the indices of muscle health were noticeable between the 18-29 age band and the 50-59 and 60-70 age bands (p < 0.05). The interaction of age and level of physical activity predicted changes in the variables (r² = .04-.32).

CONCLUSION: Age-related differences in muscle health are noticeable at 50 years of age, and age-related differences are larger in females compared to males. It was suggested that the thickness of the VL changed the most with age across the adult lifespan and that physical activity likely acts to abate detrimental change.

PMID:35768788 | DOI:10.1186/s12877-022-03183-4

BMC Pediatr. 2022 Jun 29;22(1):381. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03435-7.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Despite the high proportion of adolescents living with mental health issues in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs), especially in Botswana, there is a significant deficit of local research to guide an increase in prevention and treatment. We, therefore, aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of psychiatric disorders (PD) in a sample of secondary school students in Botswana.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 750 students from the 13 public secondary schools in Gaborone using a multi-stage sampling technique. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID) was used to screen for PDs.

RESULTS: The participant’s mean age was 15.26 and SD 1.57 years, with 53.6% being female. Approximately 34% had a PD, with depression being the commonest, of whom 35% were neither receiving treatment nor aware of the available services. Perinatal complications (AOR = 4.29; 95%CI: 1.04-17.70), a family history of mental illness (AOR = 2.19; 95%CI: 1.17-4.11) and substance-related problems (AOR = 1.80; 95% CI:1.22-2.65) predicted the likelihood of developing PD.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings revealed that adolescents in Botswana have many mental health issues which may affect their developmental phases. A multi-sectoral collaboration is needed for the timely detection of identified risk factors and initiation of the necessary prevention and treatment measures.

PMID:35768787 | DOI:10.1186/s12887-022-03435-7

BMC Geriatr. 2022 Jun 29;22(1):541. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03234-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In Korea, nurse aides (NAs) are legally permitted as substitutes for registered nurses (RNs) in long-term care (LTC) facilities, even though they have very different levels of education and qualification standards. Many studies in hospitals have shown better hospital nurse staffing, more educated nurses, and improved nurse work environments have been associated with lower hospital mortality and length of stay. There is research showing that a higher percentage of RNs with a bachelor’s degree corresponded to lower incidence rates of pressure ulcers in Korean LTC facilities. This study aimed to explore the factors that influence patient safety activities of the RNs and NAs working in LTC facilities and to identify the relationship between patient safety culture (PSC) and patient safety activities.

METHODS: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional survey. The study participants were conveniently collected from 88 RNs and 71 NAs who worked at 33 LTC facilities for more than three months. The patient safety activities tool was developed by the researchers for residents of LTC facilities based on the tools developed by Park et al. (2012) for hospital nurses and the patient safety goals of the Joint Commission. The questionnaires were collected by email or mobile application and kept confidential. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis.

RESULTS: The mean scores of PSC and patient safety activities were 4.03 ± 0.51 points and 4.29 ± 0.49 points out of 5, respectively. There was significant correlation between PSC and patient safety activities (r = .23, p = .004). Factors influencing patient safety activities among RNs and NAs in LTC facilities were RNs (β = .377, p < .001), organizational system of PSC (β = .314, p < .010), and work shift type (fixed night shift, on-call, 24-h shift) (β = -.264, p = .004), which explained about 36.0% of total variance (F = 5.69, p < .001).

CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that it is necessary to mandate RNs instead of NAs to enhance residents’ safety in LTC facilities. Additionally, the importance of an organizational safety system and effective working shift types to prevent residents’ safety accidents in LTC facilities is indicated.

PMID:35768765 | DOI:10.1186/s12877-022-03234-w