Tag: statistics

J Prosthet Dent. 2021 Feb 26:S0022-3913(21)00043-3. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.01.006. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The lost-wax technique is commonly used for fabricating partial fixed dental prostheses. The casting patterns can be fabricated by using vat photopolymerization (a type of additive manufacturing), but the adaptation of these casting patterns has not been elucidated.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of build orientation on the adaptation of casting patterns fabricated by digital light projection (DLP).

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 3-unit partial fixed dental prosthesis with mandibular left second premolar and second molar abutment teeth was scanned and virtually designed with a computer-aided design software program. The cement space was designed to be 30 μm. Specimens were fabricated with 3 build orientations: 0 degrees (with the occlusal surface parallel to the platform), 30 degrees, and 45 degrees (by rotating the file along the long axis). The casting patterns were fabricated by using DLP (Cara Print 4.0) with a photopolymerizable monomer (dima Print Cast Q). Photopolymerization, cleaning, and postpolymerization processes were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The adaptation of the specimens was examined by using a silicone replica method. The vertical marginal discrepancy and axial wall, occlusal, and marginal gaps were measured by using a digital measuring microscope. The effect of build orientation at each cross-sectional area was statistically analyzed by using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the pairwise Wilcoxon rank sum test with Bonferroni correction (α=.05).

RESULTS: Excess polymerized resin was observed along the intaglio buccal wall at build orientations of 30 degrees and 45 degrees. Vertical marginal discrepancies in the buccolingual section ranged from -50 to 248 μm, while those in the mesiodistal section ranged from -25 to 182 μm. The gaps in the buccolingual section ranged from 0 to 236 μm, while those in the mesiodistal section ranged from 0 to 177 μm. According to the observation of vertical marginal discrepancies and gaps, the 30-degree specimens inclined during insertion, and the 45-degree specimens were not completely seated. However, the marginal gaps of the 0- and 30-degree specimens were within the clinically acceptable limit of 120 μm.

CONCLUSIONS: The limited data indicated that the build orientation influenced the adaptation of casting patterns for 3-unit partial fixed dental prostheses fabricated by using DLP. A build orientation of 0 degrees is recommended for fabricating casting patterns for 3-unit partial fixed dental prostheses because no excess polymerization of the intaglio buccal wall was observed.

PMID:33648796 | DOI:10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.01.006

Auris Nasus Larynx. 2021 Feb 27:S0385-8146(21)00066-3. doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2021.02.008. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Retrospective videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) evaluations of pharyngeal swallowing were used to evaluate the types of dysphagia alleviated by the chin-down maneuver.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 64 patients who underwent VFSS evaluations during neutral and chin-down maneuvers presenting specifically penetration or aspiration. The assessment of the VFSS movie clips of each maneuver was performed using parameters of the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP) and the presence and degree of airway invasion(PDAI) by three blinded raters in the following five subcategorized groups, 1. patietns presenting penetration or aspiration during swallow 2. after swallow, patients of 3. head and neck, 4. digestive and 5. neuromuscular disorders, respectively. The scores registered for the two maneuvers were statistically compared. Additionally, we examined statistically which factors had the impact on the improvement of the PDAI using fisher’s exact test.

RESULTS: Compared with the neutral position, PDAI, pharyngeal constriction, anterior hyoid movement, pharyngeal constriction, laryngeal elevation, laryngeal closure, upper esophageal sphincter opening, initiation of the pharyngeal swallow, and pharyngeal clearance in pyriform sinus were significantly (p < 0.01-0.05) improved with the chin-down maneuver. In a subcategory comparison with group 1, 3 and 4, the PDAI improved significantly (p < 0.01) with the chin-down maneuver, in which laryngeal elevation and laryngeal closure had statistically the impact (p < 0.01-0.05) on improvement of PDAI.

CONCLUSION: The chin-down maneuver was most effective in improving swallow function when the impairment included penetration and aspiration during swallow caused by inadequate laryngeal elevation and laryngeal closure.

PMID:33648799 | DOI:10.1016/j.anl.2021.02.008

Dent Mater. 2021 Feb 26:S0109-5641(21)00069-5. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.02.007. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the incorporation of chlorhexidine-hexametaphosphate nanoparticles (CHX-HMP NPs) on antibacterial, cytotoxic and physicochemical properties of AH Plus (AH), MTA Fillapex (MTA) and Pulp Canal Sealer (PCS).

METHODS: The NPs were synthesized and characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), zeta potential, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The incorporation was made by weight, 2% and 5% of NPs. The antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, flow, radiopacity, setting time, solubility and pH were evaluated. The statistical analysis was performed by two-way analysis of variance test and Tukey post hoc test (P < 0.05).

RESULTS: SEM analysis showed the tendency for CHX-HMP NPs to cluster, the effective mean diameter measured by DLS: 169.39 nm and the zeta potential: -10.18 mV. The NPs were individually measured by AFM: 22.99-52.75 nm. EDS analysis identified the presence of C, N, O, Na, P, Cl. After incorporation: The Direct Contact Test showed an increase in the antimicrobial action of AH, PCS and MTA; the sealers showed a decrease in flow and at 24 h of immersion also an increase in solubility, but did not affect the radiopacity of the samples; AH setting time increased and MTA did not reach setting under any of the conditions tested. All samples showed a decrease in pH value as the immersion time progressed.

SIGNIFICANCE: The incorporation of NPs can improve the antimicrobial performance of endodontic sealers without impairing other biological and physicochemical properties.

PMID:33648745 | DOI:10.1016/j.dental.2021.02.007

Encephale. 2021 Feb 26:S0013-7006(21)00031-2. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.10.006. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The Receptive Composite Montage (RCM) is a musical induction technique designed to cause a positive state to in-patients diagnosed with depression in a psychiatric institution. This research aims at proving that the RCM brings patients into a relaxation state and a positive mood within 20min.

METHOD: Thirty-seven in-patients with depression took part in this study. The average age of the sample was slightly under 49 years old (48.73±12.41). The relaxing aspect of the RCM was monitored thanks to data given by an oximeter, which measures the heartbeats and the oxygen saturation level in the in-patient’s bloodstream. In order to complete these data, a focal-sampling observation was carried out. Positive mood induction was estimated based on interviews. The data have been processed through analytical statistics.

RESULTS: Heartbeats and oxygen saturation in the bloodstream during the relaxing phase of the montage (P<.001 and z=.018 respectively) tended to increase during the wake-up phase (P<.001) as was anticipated. In-patients who had felt a negative mood before listening to the RCM reported feeling a significant positive mood once they had listened to the RCM (z=.017).

CONCLUSION: The results obtained show that the RCM does induce a relaxation state by decreasing heartbeats and breathing cycles. Moreover, the qualitative data show that when in-patients listen to the RCM, their mood becomes positive through an emotional exercise causing their mood to shift from negative to positive.

PMID:33648753 | DOI:10.1016/j.encep.2020.10.006

Injury. 2021 Feb 18:S0020-1383(21)00152-2. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.02.049. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: . Early hip fracture surgery (<48 hours) has shown to improve mortality for geriatric patients and is recommended in national hip fracture guidelines. However, this may be at the expense of surgery being performed out-of-hours where concerns about mortality risk exist. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to determine the mortality risk for hip fracture surgery performed in-hours (IH) compared to out-of-hours (OH), and on weekdays (WD) compared to weekends (WE).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: . A systematic search of literature in the databases of MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane from the dates of inception was performed. All studies published in English were included. Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies (ROBINS-I) and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) framework were utilised. Relative risk (RR) was used for dichotomous outcomes, while mean difference (MD) was used for continuous variables, with 95% confidence intervals. Alpha was set at 0.05.

RESULTS: . A total of 13 studies with 177,090 patients were included for analysis. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference for 30-day or inpatient mortality in IH vs OH groups (RR 0.93, p=0.46 and RR 1.16, p=0.63) and for WD vs WE groups (RR 0.98, p=0.73 and RR 0.76, p=0.67). There was no difference in length of stay between groups (p>0.05). The number of patients with American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) physical status classification ≥3 and male gender between the groups were similar (p>0.05).

CONCLUSION: . Performing hip fracture surgery OH or on the WE does not appear to increase the risk of 30-day or inpatient mortality or post-operative complications. Consideration should be given to performing hip fracture surgery out-of-hours to meet national guidelines (<48 hours).

PMID:33648740 | DOI:10.1016/j.injury.2021.02.049

Biol Psychiatry. 2021 Jan 9:S0006-3223(21)00033-0. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.12.024. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The origin of sex differences in prevalence and presentation of neuropsychiatric and behavioral traits is largely unknown. Given established genetic contributions and correlations, we tested for a sex-differentiated genetic architecture within and between traits.

METHODS: Using European ancestry genome-wide association summary statistics for 20 neuropsychiatric and behavioral traits, we tested for sex differences in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability and genetic correlation (r_g < 1). For each trait, we computed per-SNP z scores from sex-stratified regression coefficients and identified genes with sex-differentiated effects using a gene-based approach. We calculated correlation coefficients between z scores to test for shared sex-differentiated effects. Finally, we tested for sex differences in across-trait genetic correlations.

RESULTS: We observed no consistent sex differences in SNP-based heritability. Between-sex, within-trait genetic correlations were high, although <1 for educational attainment and risk-taking behavior. We identified 4 genes with significant sex-differentiated effects across 3 traits. Several trait pairs shared sex-differentiated effects. The top genes with sex-differentiated effects were enriched for multiple gene sets, including neuron- and synapse-related sets. Most between-trait genetic correlation estimates were not significantly different between sexes, with exceptions (educational attainment and risk-taking behavior).

CONCLUSIONS: Sex differences in the common autosomal genetic architecture of neuropsychiatric and behavioral phenotypes are small and polygenic and unlikely to fully account for observed sex-differentiated attributes. Larger sample sizes are needed to identify sex-differentiated effects for most traits. For well-powered studies, we identified genes with sex-differentiated effects that were enriched for neuron-related and other biological functions. This work motivates further investigation of genetic and environmental influences on sex differences.

PMID:33648717 | DOI:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.12.024

J Natl Med Assoc. 2021 Feb 26:S0027-9684(21)00027-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jnma.2021.02.001. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The African American (AA) community in Washington DC is at an elevated risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that has a dismal prognosis. The recent rapid increase in the incidence and diagnosis of HCC and liver metastases (LM) in DC prompted us to evaluate the past six decades of this incidence and some of its underlying causes using a single institutional cohort in a hospital located in the center of the city. Electronic medical and pathology records of 454 liver cancer patients from 1959 to 2013 at Howard University Hospital (HUH) were reviewed. Demographic, clinical and pathology characteristics were examined, and statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Incidence of HCC rose substantially between 1959 and 2013, increasing eight-fold from 1.05 to 8.0 per 100,000 AAs. The rate of increase in the last decade was highest at 550%. Cases were disproportionately male (67.2%), and median age at diagnosis was 57 years. Towards the last decade, the most common etiology for HCC was nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) followed by NAFLD/HCV combination. Liver cancer was clustered in the eastern region of DC in wards 4, 5, 7, and 8. Cases of liver metastases clinically diagnosed and confirmed by biopsies increased 96.4% from 1959 to 1968 to 2009-2013. This study confirms that HCC incidence has been increasing (initially driven by HCV, and NAFLD in the latter decades) more rapidly in DC than previously believed, highlighting the impact of case definitions especially regarding NAFLD in the context of changing diagnostic approaches including the revised ICD10. The rising burden, disproportionate population distribution, and low survival rate among AAs emphasize the importance of prevention and early detection as a public health imperative.

PMID:33648723 | DOI:10.1016/j.jnma.2021.02.001

Br J Anaesth. 2021 Feb 26:S0007-0912(21)00077-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.02.001. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:33648702 | DOI:10.1016/j.bja.2021.02.001

Clin Exp Reprod Med. 2021 Mar;48(1):61-68. doi: 10.5653/cerm.2020.03965. Epub 2021 Feb 17.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of semen parameters in samples used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with fertilization and pregnancy rates in infertile couples.

METHODS: In this prospective study of Infertile couples with male factor infertility that had undergone ICSI, fractions of the same semen samples obtained for microinjection (to ensure the best predictability) were evaluated to determine the semen parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) on the day of oocyte recovery.

RESULTS: In total, 120 couples completed the study and were subdivided into fertilized (n=87) and non-fertilized couples (n=33). The fertilized couples were further classified into pregnant (n=48) and non-pregnant (n=39) couples. Compared to non-fertilized and non-pregnant couples, fertilized and pregnant couples showed statistically significantly higher sperm viability and percentage of normal sperm morphology, as well as significantly lower sperm DFI values. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of data from the 120 ICSI cycles showed that sperm viability, normal sperm morphology percentages, and sperm DFI were significant prognostic indicators of fertilization at cutoff values of 40%, 7%, and 46%, respectively. A sperm DFI of 46% showed sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 90%, respectively, for predicting fertilization, and no clinical pregnancies occurred in couples with a sperm DFI above 46%.

CONCLUSION: Semen parameters from the ICSI day sample, especially sperm viability, normal morphology, and DFI, had an impact on fertilization and pregnancy outcomes in ICSI cycles.

PMID:33648046 | DOI:10.5653/cerm.2020.03965

J Health Polit Policy Law. 2021 Feb 22:8893515. doi: 10.1215/03616878-8893515. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Understanding the role of drug-related issues in political campaign advertising can provide insight on the salience of this issue and the priorities of candidates for elected office. This study sought to quantify the share of campaign advertising mentioning drugs in the 2012 and 2016 election cycles and to estimate the association between local drug overdose mortality and drug mentions in campaign advertising across US media markets.

METHODS: The analysis used descriptive and spatial statistics to examine geographic variation in campaign advertising mentions of drugs across all 210 US media markets, and it used multivariable regression to assess area-level factors associated with that variation.

FINDINGS: The share of campaign ads mentioning drugs grew from 0.5% in the 2012 election cycle to 1.6% in the 2016 cycle. In the 2016 cycle, ads airing in media markets with overdose mortality rates in the 95th percentile were more than three times as likely to mention drugs as ads airing in areas with overdose mortality rates in the 5th percentile.

CONCLUSIONS: A small proportion of campaign advertising mentioned drug-related issues. In the 2016 cycle, the issue was more prominent in advertising in areas hardest hit by the drug overdose crisis and in advertising for local races.

PMID:33647977 | DOI:10.1215/03616878-8893515