Tag: statistics

Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2025 Jun 10;(4):1. doi: 10.15620/cdc/174588.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This report presents final 2022 data on U.S. deaths, death rates, life expectancy, infant and maternal mortality, and trends by selected characteristics such as age, sex, Hispanic origin and race, state of residence, and cause of death.

METHODS: Information reported on death certificates is presented in descriptive tabulations. The original records are filed in state registration offices. Statistical information is compiled in a national database through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program of the National Center for Health Statistics. Causes of death are processed according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision . Beginning in 2018, all states and the District of Columbia were using the 2003 revised certificate of death for the entire year, which includes the 1997 Office of Management and Budget revised standards for race. Data based on these revised standards are not completely comparable to previous years.

RESULTS: In 2022, a total of 3,279,857 deaths were reported in the United States. The age-adjusted death rate was 798.8 deaths per 100,000 U.S. standard population, a decrease of 9.2% from the 2021 rate. Life expectancy at birth was 77.5 years, an increase of 1.1 years from 2021. Age-specific death rates decreased from 2021 to 2022 for age groups 15-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, 75-84, and 85 and older and increased for age groups 1-4 and 5-14. In 2022, the 10 leading causes of death remained the same as in 2021, although four causes changed rank. Heart disease remained the top leading cause, followed by cancer. The infant mortality rate, 5.60 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2022, increased 2.9% from the rate in 2021 (5.44).

CONCLUSIONS: In 2022, the age-adjusted death rate decreased and life expectancy at birth increased for the total, male, and female populations, primarily due to the decrease in deaths from COVID-19.

PMID:40712053 | DOI:10.15620/cdc/174588

Aesthet Surg J. 2025 Jul 25:sjaf139. doi: 10.1093/asj/sjaf139. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40712045 | DOI:10.1093/asj/sjaf139

Interdiscip Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2025 Jul 25:ivaf171. doi: 10.1093/icvts/ivaf171. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Two major types of stapling devices exist: those with disposable built-in knives and those with non-disposable built-in knives. This study investigated whether the stapler type influences the incidence of local recurrence, including margin recurrence and pleural dissemination, after curative sublobar resection for lung cancer.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent sublobar resection at our institution between 2010 and 2021. We compared disease-free survival, overall survival, and local recurrence between procedures using a stapler with a disposable knife and those using a stapler with a non-disposable knife.

RESULTS: A total of 269 patients were included: 84 were treated with the disposable-knife stapler and 185 with the non-disposable-knife stapler. Local recurrence occurred in 22 of 269 patients (8.2%), including 9 of 84 (10.7%) in the disposable group and 13 of 185 (7.0%) in the non-disposable group (p = 0.72). Patients who developed local recurrence tended to be older, male, have a smoking history, squamous cell carcinoma, absence of a ground-glass component, positive stapling cartridge cytology, partial resection, right lower lobe tumors, elevated carcinoembryonic antigen, and higher maximum standardized uptake values. In a propensity score-matched study (78 patients per group), no significant differences in disease-free survival, overall survival, or local recurrence were detected between the stapler types.

CONCLUSIONS: No statistically significant differences in oncological outcomes were observed between stapler types in this retrospective study; however, the absence of a significant difference does not rule out a real effect. Further large-scale research is warranted. (247words).

PMID:40712002 | DOI:10.1093/icvts/ivaf171

Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2025 Jul 25;40(4):459-467. doi: 10.11607/jomi.11308.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate implant success rates and facial mucosal profile changes in maxillary single immediate implant placement and provisionalization with the socket-shield (IIPP+SS) technique and without the socket-shield (IIPP-SS) technique.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 dental implants in 25 patients were assigned to either the IIPP-SS group (15 implants) or the IIPP+SS (15 implants) group. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were collected preoperatively (T0) as well as at 2-week (T1), 6-month (T6), and 12-month (T12) postoperative follow-ups. The implant success rate, marginal bone level changes, facial mucosal level changes, and papilla level changes were evaluated at different time points. Facial mucosal profile changes were assessed individually for hard and soft tissue zones and as a whole using volumetric analysis.

RESULTS: Two implants were excluded (one patient dropped out and one implant failed) from the data analysis in this study, resulting in an overall implant success rate of 96.6% (28/29) after 1 year. Fewer facial mucosal profile changes were noted in the IIPP+SS group than in the IIPP-SS group; however, the difference was only marginally statistically significant (P = .06). No statistically significant difference was found in the facial mucosal level changes (P = .18) and papilla level changes (P = .67 for the mesial papilla level, P = .41 for the distal papilla level) between the IIPP-SS and IIPP+SS groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this 1-year randomized controlled clinical trial, the IIPP+SS group appeared to maintain the implant facial mucosal profile slightly better than IIPP alone. Both treatment modalities provide clinically satisfactory outcomes biologically, functionally, and esthetically.

PMID:40711987 | DOI:10.11607/jomi.11308

Mol Oncol. 2025 Jul 25. doi: 10.1002/1878-0261.70100. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) has emerged as a powerful tool to map gene expression patterns to the local tissue structure in cancer, enabling unprecedented insights into cellular heterogeneity and tumour microenvironments. As the technology matures, developing new, spatially informed analytical frameworks will be essential to fully leverage its potential to elucidate the complex organisation and emerging properties of cancer tissues. Here, we highlight key challenges in cancer spatial transcriptomics, focusing on three emerging topics: (a) defining cell states, (b) delineating cellular niches and (c) integrating spatial data with other modalities that can pave the way towards clinical translation. We discuss multiple analytical approaches that are currently implemented or could be adapted in the future in order to tackle these challenges, including classical biostatistics methods as well as methods inherited from geospatial analytics or artificial intelligence. In the rapidly expanding landscape of ST, such methodologies lay the foundation for biological discoveries that conceptualise cancer as an evolving system of interconnected niches.

PMID:40711978 | DOI:10.1002/1878-0261.70100

Clin Neuropsychol. 2025 Jul 25:1-21. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2025.2537902. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Background: Early differentiation between amnestic multidomain mild cognitive impairment (aMCI-md) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is critical for timely diagnosis and care planning. The Mattis Dementia Rating Scale-2 (DRS-2) is a multidomain cognitive screening tool with potential value in detecting early neurodegenerative changes, though its performance in distinguishing aMCI-md from early AD remains underexplored. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the DRS-2 total and subscale scores in a Spanish clinical cohort by comparing cognitively unimpaired individuals, patients with aMCI-md, and those with early AD. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study including 684 participants: 333 cognitively healthy controls, 141 with aMCI-md, and 210 with early AD. The DRS-2 was administered as part of a neuropsychological battery. Receiver operating characteristic curves, area under the curve (AUC), and optimal cut-off values were used to assess discriminative performance. Results: The DRS-2 total score and the Memory and Initiation/Perseveration subscales demonstrated good discriminative accuracy across all diagnostic contrasts. In the most clinically relevant comparison (aMCI-md vs. early AD), both the total score and Memory subscale reached an AUC of .87, while Initiation/Perseveration followed closely (AUC = .83). The total score yielded 87.2% accuracy (cut-off = 126), and Memory alone achieved 86.6% accuracy (cut-off = 19). Attention and Construction subscales consistently showed limited diagnostic value. Conclusion: The DRS-2, particularly the Memory and Initiation/Perseveration subscales, appears to be a reliable tool for distinguishing the early stages of cognitive impairment, supporting its clinical use for early diagnosis and risk stratification in memory clinic settings.

PMID:40711805 | DOI:10.1080/13854046.2025.2537902

Gynecol Endocrinol. 2025 Dec;41(1):2532613. doi: 10.1080/09513590.2025.2532613. Epub 2025 Jul 25.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) impacts the quality of life of women globally. While international classifications and frameworks exist, there are still critical unmet needs in awareness, diagnosis, treatment, and patient support. To better understand these, the lived experiences of patients with AUB shared on social media can offer valuable insights.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyze unmet needs in the management of AUB as expressed during social media discussions.

METHODS: Using the social media listening tool Sprinklr Social (Sprinklr Inc.), public posts from X (X Corp.) related to AUB from seven countries (Brazil, China, India, Mexico, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Ukraine) over a 10-year period (2014-2024) were analyzed. Posts were categorized by topic, sentiment, and emotion; further analyses assessed patients’ unmet needs and feelings.

RESULTS: A total of 926 posts were included. Analysis revealed five critical unmet needs: lack of awareness and understanding (41.8%), impact on wellbeing (27.6%), diagnosis issues (10.9%), dissatisfaction with treatment options (9.7%), and undervalued impact and advocacy (8.6%). Posts about diagnosis and symptoms carried the most negative sentiments; many patients expressed frustration over delayed diagnoses and dissatisfaction with treatment options. Additionally, the emotional and psychological burden of AUB was a recurring theme, suggesting the need for more holistic care approaches.

CONCLUSIONS: Gaps in AUB management were identified, with strong emphasis on the need for better patient education, more effective diagnostic processes, and personalized treatment strategies. Incorporating patient voices during the development of treatment guidelines and healthcare policies is crucial for addressing these unmet needs and improving patient outcomes.

PMID:40711799 | DOI:10.1080/09513590.2025.2532613

JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Jul 1;8(7):e2524181. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.24181.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40711795 | DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.24181

JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Jul 1;8(7):e2523220. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.23220.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: Adherence to quality-of-care indictors (QCIs) is associated with better Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) outcomes. It is unknown whether clinical trial participation adventitiously improves QCI adherence and clinical outcomes compared with nontrial routine care for SAB.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether health care practitioners of trial participants with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia have better QCI adherence compared with practitioners of contemporaneous nontrial patients with MRSA bacteremia and whether QCI adherence or trial participation is associated with lower mortality.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This ad hoc, post hoc analysis of the Combination Antibiotics for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CAMERA2) Trial included 17 CAMERA2 hospital sites from 4 countries. The present study involved data collection mirroring the CAMERA2 case report forms from nontrial patients selected from sites’ CAMERA2 screening logs. The newly collected data were analyzed with existing data from trial participants. Both groups of patients were diagnosed with MRSA bacteremia between August 2015 and July 2018. Statistical analyses were performed from September 2024 to February 2025.

EXPOSURES: Nontrial vs trial participation, including health care practitioner adherence to 7 evidence-based QCIs (individually and collectively) for SAB management.

MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: All-cause 90-day mortality; the association of the exposures with this outcome was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regressions. Multiple sensitivity analyses were performed, including propensity score matching and exclusion of early deaths.

RESULTS: This study included 722 participants (467 nontrial [64.7%] and 255 trial [35.3%]; mean [SD] age, 63.2 [18.4] years; 482 [66.8%] male). Demographics were comparable in the 2 study groups. Nontrial patients had a higher range of Charlson Comorbidity Index (median, 2.0 [range, 0-16.0] vs 2.0 [range, 0-13.0]; P < .001) and Pitt bacteremia score (median, 1.0 [range, 1.0-12.0] vs 1.0 [range, 1.0-7.0]; P < .001) compared with trial participants. Ninety-day mortality was not significantly different in the nontrial and trial groups (106 of 457 [23.2%] vs 48 of 251 [19.1%]; P = .25). Health care practitioners of nontrial patients had a lower mean (SD) number of adherent QCIs compared with practitioners of trial participants (3.90 [1.38] vs 4.28 [1.17]; P = .003). While increasing number of adherent QCIs was associated with lower 90-day mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.59-0.91; P = .005), adherence to QCIs individually was not associated with lower mortality. Study group (nontrial vs trial) was not associated with mortality (AHR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.73-1.61; P = .68).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial, health care practitioners of trial participants had greater adherence to QCIs for MRSA bacteremia management compared with practitioners of nontrial patients. Trial participation was not associated with lower mortality.

PMID:40711789 | DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.23220

JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Jul 1;8(7):e2523434. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.23434.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: Death after cytoreductive surgery for advanced-stage ovarian cancer is more frequent in low-volume hospitals. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has been shown to reduce surgical complexity, complications, and surgical mortality without compromising oncologic outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: To measure whether more frequent NACT utilization is associated with postoperative mortality and overall survival after cytoreductive surgery, especially in low-volume hospitals.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study included patients treated for newly diagnosed stage III or IV epithelial ovarian cancer at Commission on Cancer-accredited cancer programs in the United States between January 2010 and December 2019. Data were analyzed from August 2023 to April 2025.

EXPOSURES: The main exposures of interest were cancer program-level rates of NACT and tertile of program mean annual volume of cytoreductive surgery (<12.0, 12.0-23.9, or ≥24.0 cases/y).

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Standardized rates and odds ratios (ORs) for 90-day perioperative morality and differences in 60-month life expectancy (restricted mean survival time).

RESULTS: A total of 70 707 patients (mean [SD] age, 63.1 [12.1] years; 5807 [8.2%] Black, 4745 [6.7%] Hispanic, and 56 336 [79.7%] White) treated in 1333 programs were identified. After adjusting for observed demographic and clinical covariates, 90-day surgical mortality was lower in centers with higher NACT rates, and the magnitude of this association differed by hospital volume (P for interaction < .001). High utilization of NACT (59%) compared with low utilization (22%) was associated with a larger decrease in 90-day mortality in high-volume centers (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.17-0.41; rates, 10.0% vs 2.9%) compared with average-volume centers (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.33-0.72; rates, 7.3% vs 3.7%) or low-volume centers (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.39-0.60; rates, 9.5% vs 4.8%). Among high-volume centers, high utilization was associated with a 4.0 month (95% CI, 1.6-6.5 month)-improvement in 60-month life expectancy compared with low NACT utilization (42.2 vs 38.1 months).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cross-sectional study, treatment in high-volume centers with high NACT utilization was associated with the lowest 90-day surgical mortality and longest 60-month survival for patients with advanced stage ovarian cancer.

PMID:40711787 | DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.23434