Tag: statistics

Indian J Dent Res. 2021 Apr-Jun;32(2):147-152. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_676_18.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Parents’ infant and early childhood oral health knowledge is of paramount importance, because oral health behaviours are the exclusive domain of parents during the early years of life. Studies exploring the association between mother’s behaviour, oral health literacy and children’s oral health outcomes are scarce.

AIM: To evaluate the association between mother’s behaviour, oral health literacy and children’s dental caries experience.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among one hundred pre-school children aged 2-6 years and their mothers from pre-schools in Bangalore, India. Data regarding their demographics, mother’s knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) was collected through a questionnaire. Mother’s oral health literacy was assessed with Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry-30 (REALD-30) scale. Caries experience of the children was recorded using Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index. Data was entered into excel sheet and analysed using statistical package for SPSS 22.0.

RESULTS: : The mean KAP, REALD-30 and DMFT scores were 13.17 ± 4.57, 17.68 ± 5.85, 2.61 ± 2.21, respectively. In this study, REALD-30 score negatively correlated with DMFT score and positively correlated with KAP score. In a linear regression, KAP and REALD-30 scores showed a highly significant association with dental caries.

CONCLUSION: Mother’s behaviour and oral health literacy influenced caries experience of the children. Therefore, improving the behaviour and oral health literacy of the mothers is the key to influence child’s oral health.

PMID:34810380 | DOI:10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_676_18

J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2021 Oct-Dec;21(4):425-429. doi: 10.4103/jips.jips_135_21.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To evaluate the flexural properties of computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milled posts fabricated from the experimental fibre-reinforced composite disks in different fibre direction, and to compare the flexural properties of the CAD-CAM milled posts to those of commercial prefabricated posts, RelyX and FRC PostecPlus.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN: In vitro comparative study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: E-glass fibre was used to fabricate the CAD-CAM composite disks. The fibres were prepared in unidirectional and multidirectional arrangements into the epoxy resin, at 70% by weight. The disk was milled by the Cerec InLab CAD-CAM system to fabricate a post. Ten posts for each type of disk were prepared. Two types of commercial fibre posts, RelyX fibre post, and FRC PostecPlus were used as control. The three-point bending test was performed.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Game-Howell post-hoc test.

RESULTS: The results indicated that both commercial fibre posts had the highest flexural strength and flexural modulus. The unidirectional experimental post yielded significantly lower values in both flexural strengths (739.1 ± 24.1 MPa) and flexural modulus (21.0 ± 3.5 GPa) compared to the control posts, while the multidirectional experimental posts had extremely low flexural strength and flexural modulus.

CONCLUSIONS: The direction of the fibres significantly influenced the mechanical properties of the posts. The experimental unidirectional fibre-reinforced composite disk showed the potential to be used as a CAD-CAM disk for post and core fabrication.

PMID:34810372 | DOI:10.4103/jips.jips_135_21

Indian J Dent Res. 2021 Apr-Jun;32(2):140-146. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_508_18.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The disease profile of the world is changing at an astonishingly fast rate. It is essential that the impending nature of chronic disease is recognized and acted on urgently. India leads the world with the largest number of diabetics earning the dubious distinction of being termed the “diabetic capital” of the world.

AIM: To assess and compare the oral health status and related oral health risk factors among diabetic patients in Hyderabad and Secunderabad.

SETTINGS: A cross sectional study was carried out in various diagnostic centers among 801 patients aged 30 years and above.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Oral health status and self-assessed data on related oral risk factors were measured using modified World Health Organization (WHO) assessment form and oral health questionnaire for adults 2013.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Comparison of mean scores of the variables based on gender was assessed using ANOVA. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Females had higher proportion of untreated caries (362; 85%) and DMFT (Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth; 375; 88%) compared to males. On the basis of loss of attachment, the mean number of sextants with no loss of attachment was mostly noted among female subjects.

CONCLUSION: In the present study, though gingivitis was seen in higher percentage (82%), the presence of periodontal disease was relatively low (68.3%). It can be concluded that diabetic subjects may have poor oral health.

PMID:34810379 | DOI:10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_508_18

J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2021 Oct-Dec;21(4):412-419. doi: 10.4103/jips.jips_199_21.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The aim of this study is to assess the surface roughness and shear bond characteristics of pol-ether-ether-ketone after different surface treatments.

SETTING AND DESIGN: An in vitro, prospective.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty disc-shaped samples of 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness were milled and subjected to following surface treatments: 110 μm alumina particles, 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, and 10-20 μm synthetic diamond particles. Surface characteristics of treated sample were studied under SEM with ×500 and ×1000 magnification. Shear bond strength (SBS) with composite resin discs embedded in acrylic blocks after luting with self-etch resin cement and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) was evaluated using the universal testing machine (Instron®, Massachusetts U. S. A).

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The data collected were evaluated using the Analysis of variance and Tukey’s honest significant difference post hoc test.

RESULTS: Highest SBS and SR were noted with self-etch resin cement in the given order: 98% sulfuric acid (2.106 ± 0.186 μm), followed by alumina particles (1.706 ± 0.160 μm) and synthetic diamond particles (1.101 ± 0.167 μm).

CONCLUSION: The SBS of self-etch resin cement was higher compared to RMGIC for all three surface treatments done on test samples. Hundred percent samples treated by all three surface treatment methods showed mixed type of failure.

PMID:34810370 | DOI:10.4103/jips.jips_199_21

J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2021 Oct-Dec;21(4):420-424. doi: 10.4103/jips.jips_96_21.

ABSTRACT

AIM: Bacterial micro leakage at implant-abutment interface under functional loading is an important factor, may lead to crestal bone loss and affect the long term success of dental implants. Due to the limited studies about the implant systems with a connection of Slip joint design, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of dynamic loading on bacterial leakage at the implant-abutment interface with slip joint connection.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN: In vitro- comparative study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 20 implants and abutments with slip joint connections (Tapered Screw-Vent, 3.7 mm ×10 mm, Zimmer Dental, USA) was examined and depends on using functional loading were divided into two groups; loaded and unloaded. Initially, 10 μl of Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) culture broth was pipetted to the internal lumen of each implant, then the abutments were tightened to the fixtures and crowns were cemented. In the unloaded group, samples were immersed in E-Coli suspension for 5 days. In the loaded group, samples were immersed in microbial suspension under 500000 cycles using a cyclic load device. Following disconnection of fixtures and abutments, microbial samples were taken from the internal lumen of implants and colonies were counted. Data were analyzed using.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Mann-Whitney statistical test, SPSS version 24.

RESULTS: The mean rate of micro leakage in unloaded and loaded groups was 4000 CFU/ml and 27000 ± 31640 CFU/ml respectively. Bacterial colonies grew in 10% of unloaded samples and 50% of loaded samples. This difference was statistically significant. (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Microbial micro leakage at the implant-abutment interface with slip joint design increased significantly after functional loading.

PMID:34810371 | DOI:10.4103/jips.jips_96_21

J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2021 Nov 22. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.34966. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the physicochemical and biological properties of novel reparative materials composed of pure tricalcium silicate (Ca₃ SiO₅ ), Ca₃ SiO₅ doped with fluoride ions (Ca₃ SiO₅ -F) and their association with ZrO₂ (Ca₃ SiO₅ + ZrO₂ , Ca₃ SiO₅ -F + ZrO₂ ), in comparison with Biodentine (BIO). Setting time radiopacity, pH, solubility, and dimensional change were evaluated based on ISO 6876 Standard. Volumetric change and flow/filling were assessed by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Biological properties were evaluated by the MTT assay 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), Neutral Red (NR), cell migration, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and Alizarin Red Staining (ARS) assays. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA, Tukey, or Bonferroni tests (α = .05). Ca₃ SiO₅ -F + ZrO₂ had higher radiopacity, shorter setting time, and lower solubility and volumetric loss than BIO (p < .05). Ca₃ SiO₅ -F + ZrO₂ had flow and filling capacity similar to BIO (p > .05). All the cements evaluated had an alkaline pH. Ca₃ SiO₅ -F + ZrO₂ demonstrated cell viability similar to negative control (p > .05), increase in ALP activity in 7 days, mineralized nodule production in 21 days and repair capacity according to cell migration. In conclusion, Ca₃ SiO₅ -F + ZrO₂ had adequate setting time, radiopacity, solubility, and dimensional change. This material presented low volumetric change besides flow and filling capacity in micro-CT assessment. In addition, Ca₃ SiO₅ -F + ZrO₂ was biocompatible and bioactive, suggesting its use as reparative material.

PMID:34808030 | DOI:10.1002/jbm.b.34966

Eur J Dent Educ. 2021 Nov 22. doi: 10.1111/eje.12725. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUNDS: Canalis sinuosus (CS) is a neurovascular canal that corresponds to a small branch of the infraorbital canal.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at assessing the knowledge and detection performance of CS among dentists and dental students.

METHODS: Four-hundred and five dentists and dental students answered a questionnaire with three parts: 1. Socio-demographic; 2. Clinical cases with cone- beam computed tomography (CBCT) sections showing CS, and 3. Previous knowledge about CS. Chi-square test and Spearman’s correlation test were used to compare results as appropriate. P-values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: Most participants did not identify CS in any CBCT. There was association between the number of correct answers and dental specialties. Most individuals had not learned about CS previously. There was association between past knowledge of CS and gender, highest academic degree, working environment, dental specialty, and number of correct answers but not with age or experience in dentistry.

CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that most dentists are not aware about CS and do not know how to diagnose it. Previous knowledge about CS positively influenced its identification in CBCT.

PMID:34808014 | DOI:10.1111/eje.12725

Int J Clin Pract. 2021 Nov 22:e15014. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.15014. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is increasing. This study evaluates the etiologic causes and findings of CSDH and compared unilateral CSDH with bilateral CSDH. This study aims to draw attention to this increasingly prevalent condition.

METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 195 surgically treated cases of CSDH in our clinic between 2008 and 2018.

RESULTS: The average age of the patients was 65.7±19.6 years. The most common symptom was headache (53.3%). The case background was use of anticoagulant (37.9%), head trauma (34.3%). The hematomas were 28.7% right side, 44.6% left side, and 26.7% bilateral. The mean Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) was13.4±2.9, early postop 13.8±2.5, and late postop was 14.6±1.1. Postoperative complications included acute subdural hematoma (5.1%), cerebral infarction (1.5%), wound infection (0.5%) and others (13.3%). Re-expansion of brain were statistically significantly less frequent and impaired consciousness, anticoagulant use, early and late postop thickness were statistically significantly more frequent in patients with bilateral CSDH.

CONCLUSIONS: CSDH is seen more patients of advanced age, those who use anticoagulants, patients with hypertension and diabetes and in patients with a history of head trauma. Prognosis is worse in bilateral CSDH. We estimate that the incidence of CSDH will go up in the future.

PMID:34808025 | DOI:10.1111/ijcp.15014

Eur J Neurol. 2021 Nov 22. doi: 10.1111/ene.15193. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A sensitive and frequent clinical sign of a vestibular tone imbalance is the tilt of the perceived subjective visual vertical (SVV). So far there are no data yet focusing on lesion location at the cortical level as a factor for predicting compensation from tilt of SVV.

METHODS: With modern voxelwise lesion-behavior mapping (VLBM) analysis, the present study determines whether lesion location in 23 right-hemispheric cortical stroke patients with an otolith dysfunction could predict the compensation of a vestibular tone imbalance in the chronic stage.

RESULTS: Our statistical anatomical lesion analysis revealed that lesions of the posterior insular cortex (IC) are involved in vestibular otolith compensation.

CONCLUSION: The IC appears to be a critical anatomical region for predicting a tilt of SVV as a chronic disorder in stroke patients.

PMID:34808013 | DOI:10.1111/ene.15193

PLoS One. 2021 Nov 22;16(11):e0260301. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260301. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

Wasting in children under-five is a form of acute malnutrition, a predictor of under-five child mortality and of increased risk of future episodes of stunting and/or wasting. In India, national estimates of wasting are high compared to international standards with one in five children found to be wasted. National surveys are complex logistical operations and most often not planned or implemented in a manner to control for seasonality. Collection of survey data across differing months across states introduces seasonal bias. Cross-sectional surveys are not designed to collect data on seasonality, thus special methods are needed to analyse the effect of data collection by month. We developed regression models to estimate the mean weight for height (WHZ), prevalence of wasting for every month of the year for an average year and an overall weighted survey estimates controlling for the socio-demographic variation of data collection across states and populations over time. National level analyses show the mean WHZ starts at its highest in January, falls to the lowest in June/August and returns towards peak at year end. The prevalence of wasting is lowest in January and doubles by June/August. After accounting for seasonal patterns in data collection across surveys, the trends are significantly different and indicate a stagnant period followed by a decline in wasting. To avoid biased estimates, direct comparisons of acute malnutrition across surveys should not be made unless seasonality bias is appropriately addressed in planning, implementation or analysis. Eliminating the seasonal variation in wasting would reduce the prevalence by half and provide guidance towards further reduction in acute malnutrition.

PMID:34807959 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0260301