Mathematicians have developed a new model to explore what the impact of changes to Luftwaffe tactics would actually have been. Their approach uses statistical modelling to calculate how the Battle might have played out if history had followed one of several alternative courses.
Tag: statistics
What rules shaped humanity’s original social networks? The earliest social networks were tightly knit cultural groups made of multiple biologically related families. That single group would then develop relationships with other cultural groups in their local area. Researchers used statistical physics and computer models common in evolutionary biology to explain the origin of common community structures documented by cultural anthropologists around the world.
Theoretical physicists have found a deep link between one of the most striking features of quantum mechanics — quantum entanglement — and thermalization, which is the process in which something comes into thermal equilibrium with its surroundings.
With some reports predicting the precision agriculture market will reach $12.9 billion by 2027, there is an increasing need to develop sophisticated data-analysis solutions that can guide management decisions in real time. A new study offers a promising approach to efficiently and accurately process precision agricultural data.
Psychiatrists have used a computer-based approach to assign psychotic patients diagnosed as bipolar or schizophrenic to five different subgroups. The method could lead to better therapies for psychoses.
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Fracture Toughness Comparison of Three Indirect Composite Resins Using 4-Point Flexural Strength Method.
Eur J Dent. 2020 Apr 13;:
Authors: Moradi Z, Abbasi M, Khalesi R, Tabatabaei MH, Shahidi Z
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The advantages of indirect composite restorations such as less crack formation during their computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing process, compared with ceramic restorations, have resulted in their growing popularity. However, restoration failure is a major concern with regard to the long-term clinical success of restorations and may occur as the result of propagation of a crack originated from an internal flaw in the restoration. This study aimed to compare the fracture toughness of three indirect composite resins.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this in vitro experimental study, 10 specimens measuring 3 × 3 × 18 mm were fabricated of Gradia, Crios, and high impact polymer composite indirect composites. A single edge notch with a diameter < 0.3 mm and 0.3 mm length was created in the 9 mm longitudinal dimension of specimens using a no. 11 surgical scalpel. The specimens were then subjected to 4-point flexural strength test in a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 0.1 mm/s until failure.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s HSD (honestly significant difference) test. The statistical power was set at p ˂ 0.05.
RESULTS: One-way ANOVA showed a significant difference in fracture toughness of the three composite groups (p = 0.000). According to the Tukey HSD analysis, the fracture toughness of HIPC was significantly higher than that of the other two composites. The fracture toughness of Gradia was significantly lower among all.
CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, the results showed that high temperature-pressure polymerization can increase resistance to crack propagation and subsequently improve the clinical service of indirect composite restorations. Although we do not know the filler volume percentage of HIPC, it seems that filler volume percentage of the composite is inversely correlated with fracture toughness.
PMID: 32283561 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
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Update of the BEVQ-15, a beverage intake questionnaire for habitual beverage intake for adults: determining comparative validity and reproducibility.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2020 Apr 13;:
Authors: Fausnacht AG, Myers EA, Hess EL, Davy BM, Hedrick VE
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The BEVQ-15 is a beverage intake questionnaire that estimates the habitual average daily intake of 15 beverage categories (kcal and fl oz), as well as total sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and total beverages. However, subsequent to its initial validation in 2010, it has not been updated. The present study aimed to assess the convergent validity and reproducibility of the updated form of the BEVQ-15 to better reflect current beverage consumption trends.
METHODS: The study population included adults (n = 50) aged ≥18 years, recruited from a local university community. Participation consisted of three laboratory visits within a 4-week period in which the updated BEVQ-15 was administered during the first and last visit and four 24-h dietary recalls were collected. BEVQ-15 modifications included removing limits of 60 fl oz per beverage, adding a nut milk category, and providing creamer and sweetener preferences for coffee/tea categories. Convergent validity was assessed by comparing reported beverage intake between the BEVQ-15 and dietary recalls. Reproducibility was assessed by comparing both BEVQ-15 administrations. Analyses included descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon signed rank tests, Bland-Altman plots and Spearman’s correlations.
RESULTS: For validity, Bland-Altman plot agreement between the BEVQ-15 and recalls was in the range 92-96% for total SSB and total beverage intake. For reproducibility, all beverage categories, total SSB, and total beverage intake were significantly correlated between the two BEVQ-15 administrations (r = 0.41-0.85; P ≤ 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: This updated version of the BEVQ-15 demonstrated moderate convergent validity and reproducibility for total beverage consumption among well-educated southwest Virginia adults.
PMID: 32283572 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
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Induction versus adjuvant chemotherapy combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A propensity score-matched analysis.
Oral Oncol. 2020 Apr 10;105:104686
Authors: Tang SQ, Xu C, Wang XS, Tang LL, Li WF, Chen L, Mao YP, Guo R, Liu Q, Sun Y, Ma J
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To explore the role of induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and CCRT plus adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The propensity score-matched (PSM) method was adopted to balance variables. We identified independent prognostic factors using Cox regression analysis and compared outcomes between two chemotherapy treatment combinations for patients in different subgroups.
RESULTS: A total of 550 patients were selected by one-to-two PSM. Survival outcomes for the matched data set indicated that the IC + CCRT group achieved higher 5-year overall survival (OS; 89.3% vs 85.3%, P = 0.119), failure-free survival (FFS; 80.2% vs 79.0%, P = 0.722) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS; 87.4% vs 84.4%, P = 0.322) compared with CCRT + AC, although this was statistically non-significant. Subgroup analysis revealed that IC + CCRT was associated with significantly improved OS (Hazard ratio [HR] = 2.68, 95% Confidence interval [CI] = 1.16-6.22, P = 0.017), FFS (HR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.06-3.57, P = 0.029) and locoregional relapse-free survival (LRRFS; HR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.04-6.68, P = 0.034) in T3 disease. Moreover, this combination of treatment could significantly prolong OS (HR = 3.72, 95% CI = 1.41-9.80, P = 0.004) in N2 disease. However, the superiority of CCRT + AC was only observed in LRRFS (HR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.04-0.79, P = 0.010) for the T4 subgroup.
CONCLUSION: IC + CCRT should be strongly considered by patients with LANPC, especially those with T3 or N2 disease.
PMID: 32283514 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]