Tag: statistics

Am J Ophthalmol. 2021 Sep 26:S0002-9394(21)00470-0. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.09.013. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate longitudinal changes in rates of optic nerve head circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thinning and vessel density loss in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) with or without history of disc hemorrhage (DH).

DESIGN: Observational cohort METHODS: In this longitudinal study, 34 eyes with DH and 134 eyes without DH that had at least 1.5 years of follow-up and three OCT and OCTA follow-up scans were enrolled. A linear mixed-effect model was used to compare the rates of cpRNFL thinning and vessel density loss between DH and non-DH eyes.

RESULTS: Rates of whole image capillary density (wiCD) loss were faster in the DH group compared to non-DH group (mean difference (95% CI): -0.32 (-0.59,-0.04) %/year, P=0.027). Faster mean rates of vessel density loss were found in the inferotemporal, inferonasal, and nasal sectors in eyes with DH than without DH (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the global rate of cpRNFL thinning between the two groups (P=0.679). The mean rate of cpRNFL thinning was faster in the DH group compared to the non-DH group only in the inferotemporal sector (mean difference (95% CI): -1.01 (-1.62,-0.40) μm/year; P=0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Mean rates of vessel density loss between DH and non-DH eyes were different not only in the affected area but also in the other regions. In contrast, a significant difference in cpRNFL thinning between the two groups was detected only in the inferotemporal sector. Disc hemorrhage is an independent predictor of faster vessel density loss in glaucoma suspects and POAG patients.

PMID:34587496 | DOI:10.1016/j.ajo.2021.09.013

J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021 Aug 28:S0278-2391(21)00998-8. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2021.08.161. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Although a stellate ganglion block (SGB) increases tissue blood flow in the mandibular region, the change in tissue oxygenation after SGB and therapeutic effect of SGB for postoperative mandibular nerve hypoesthesia remain to be established. The study aim was to measure the change in tissue oxygenation in the mandibular region after SGB.

METHODS: To determine the variation in tissue oxygenation in the mandibular region, the tissue oxygen index (TOI; percentage of oxygenated hemoglobin in the total hemoglobin) was measured at the skin near the mental foramen bilaterally, at the primary site of unilateral SGB, achieved using 6 mL of 1% lidocaine hydrochloride, for the treatment of bilateral postoperative mandibular nerve injury. The primary outcome of this study is the temporal variation in TOI after SGB (0.5, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 minutes after SGB), and the control group in this study is the TOI at the end of SGB injection (0 minute). All data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation and 95% confidence interval (CI). Repeated-measures analysis of variance with Dunnett’s test was used to determine parametric statistical significance. A P-value <.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: Thirteen patients were enrolled in this study. On both the blocked and contralateral side, the TOI was significantly increased compared to that before SGB (ΔTOI at 15 minute after SGB, 5.87 ± 2.89%, P < .001, 95% CI: 4.122 to 7.617% in the blocked side, 1.88 ± 2.73%, P = .005, 95% CI: 1.877 to 2.725% in the contralateral side).

CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral SGB using 6 mL of 1% lidocaine hydrochloride results in an increase in tissue oxygenation in the mandibular region. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that a series of SGBs may contribute to a more rapid recovery of postoperative trigeminal nerve injury.

PMID:34587486 | DOI:10.1016/j.joms.2021.08.161

J Asthma. 2021 Sep 29:1-13. doi: 10.1080/02770903.2021.1988104. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Background: The relationship between childbirth delivery methods and the risk of wheezing in children remains controversial. Few studies have explored it under different maternal conditions.Objective: To explore the influence of childbirth delivery method on the onset of wheezing in children of different parity.Methods: A total of 21716 patients were included in this retrospective observational study. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between childbirth delivery method and wheezing in children under 18 years of age in Fujian Province.Results: Wheezing differed statistically based on the child’s sex, age, season of onset, parity, jaundice history, and feeding patterns (P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, in cases of parity greater than two, the risk of wheezing in cesarean section deliveries was higher than that in vaginal deliveries (OR: 1.107; 95% CI 1.010-1.214). In girls with parity greater than two (OR: 1.179; 95% CI 1.003-1.387) and normal-weight infants with parity greater than two (OR: 1.106; 95% CI 1.003-1.220), the risk of wheezing in cesarean section deliveries was higher. The interaction term between the mode of childbirth and parity was significant in girls (P = 0.014).Conclusion: The method of childbirth delivery and parity are related to the risk of wheezing and may be relevant to gender and birth weight. Parity and gender have synergistic effects on wheezing.

PMID:34587470 | DOI:10.1080/02770903.2021.1988104

J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021 Sep 1:S0278-2391(21)01002-8. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2021.08.165. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to quantify the hospitalization charges of the 2 general surgical approaches in the treatment of craniosynostosis and determine if there was a significant difference between the 2. Several studies compared them side-by-side according to specific variables, such as success rates, postoperative complications, blood loss, and length of stay, but were limited by small sample sizes.

METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study that was conducted using the Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID). All patients diagnosed with craniosynostosis (Q75.0) were identified. The procedures were grouped according to the approach taken, whether it was a traditional, open approach, or a closed, minimally invasive approach. The primary predictor variable was the surgical approach (open vs closed). The outcome variables were the hospital charges (US dollars) and length of stay (days). Statistical analyses were based on the univariate and multivariate linear regression models, and P value less than .05 marked the significance level.

RESULTS: Among a sample of 2,585 cases, an open approach was employed in 2,353 cases and a closed approach in 232 cases. Race, payer information, hospital region, admission status (elective vs not elective), patient location, and surgical approach (open vs closed) were all significant predictors (P < .15) of increased hospitalization charges. Relative to white patients, being in the ‘other’ racial class added $10,987 in hospital charges (P < .05). Relative to the Northeast, being a patient in the West added $33,459 in hospital charges (P < .01). Not being admitted electively added $72,572 (P < .01) relative to elective admissions. Finally, open repair added $59,539 (P < .01) in charges relative to closed repair.

CONCLUSIONS: The traditional open approach added nearly $60,000 to the cost of the procedure when compared with the closed, endoscopic approach. The scope and invasiveness of the open approach demand greater surgical services, hospital services, supplies, and equipment, ultimately contributing to this increased cost.

PMID:34587484 | DOI:10.1016/j.joms.2021.08.165

Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 2021;31(4):1-8. doi: 10.1615/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2021037805.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To explore the prognostic value of MMP-16 expression in patients with serous ovarian cancer and the usefulness of MMP-16 expression to predict sensitivity to chemoradiotherapy.

METHODS: The relationship between MMP-16 expression and clinicopathological parameters of serous ovarian cancer was evaluated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to measure the prognostic significance of MMP-16 in serous ovarian cancer. Dataset GSE51373 was applied to estimate the difference of MMP-16 expression between chemotherapy-sensitive group and resistant group of serous ovarian cancer. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was also drawn. In addition, the online tool Kaplan-Meier Plotter was used to assess the prognostic value of MMP-16 in patients with serous ovarian cancer.

RESULTS: A total of 235 patients with serous ovarian cancer were included in the TCGA database. Cox regression univariate analysis showed that high expression of MMP-16 was not conducive to the overall survival of patients with serous ovarian cancer (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.03~2.08; P < 0.05). The results of Cox regression multivariate analysis also demonstrated that there was a statistically significant difference. The results of the online database Kaplan-Meier Plotter analysis showed that the high expression of MMP-16 was not conducive to the progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with serous ovarian cancer (HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.06~1.29; P < 0.05). The expression of MMP-16 in the chemotherapy-sensitive group was notably lower than that in the chemotherapy-resistant group, which had a moderate predictive value in predicting the chemosensitivity of serous ovarian cancer (AUC = 0.7187).

CONCLUSION: High expression of MMP-16 is not conducive to chemotherapy sensitivity and survival of patients with serous ovarian cancer, and has predictive value for chemotherapy resistance and prognosis.

PMID:34587431 | DOI:10.1615/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2021037805

J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2021;31(4):33-37. doi: 10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2021038580.

ABSTRACT

The ultimate goal of modern dentistry is to restore the normal comfort, contour, function, aesthetics, health, and speech of a patient’s dentition while restoring or replacing teeth. When it comes to the anterior region, particularly the maxillary anteriors, aesthetics is of prime importance as it shapes the smile of the patient and builds confidence. The most ideal treatment option for replacement of a single missing tooth in the anterior region is the placement of implants. This study aims to analyze the age and gender prevalence of patients undergoing implant placement in the anterior region of the maxilla among middle aged adults. A retrospective study was performed among patients visiting the Department of Implantology opting for implant prosthesis placement in the maxillary anterior region within the age group 30 to 60 years. Data was collected from case sheets of patients visiting a private dental hospital in Chennai, India; tabulated and descriptive statistics was performed. A total of 2563 patients were identified with missing maxillary anterior teeth and were advised implant prosthesis out of which only 55 patients opted for implant prosthesis. Prevalence of males (51%) willing for implant prosthesis in the maxillary anteriors was greater than females (49%), p > 0.05. Patients within the age group of 41-50 years were more willing for implant placement in the maxillary anterior region (49.1%). Overall, tooth number 22 was the most replaced tooth by implant prosthesis (21.8%) followed by tooth number 23 (20.0%). In females, canines were the most replaced and incisors in males.

PMID:34587413 | DOI:10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2021038580

J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2021;31(4):45-49. doi: 10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2021038722.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the various approaches used for implant stage II surgery before the restorative phase.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out using data from 486 patients who had undergone stage II implant surgery at Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai. The age, gender, technique of implant recovery, and site of recovery were noted. The data were collected and statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 24.0.

RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 39.9 ± 12.9.The most common approach used in stage II implant surgery was found to be a full thickness flap accounting for about 76.75%. Chi-square test for association between the site of implant and the technique used for recovery was statistically not significant (p value % 0.187).

CONCLUSION: Given that there is some loss of keratinized tissue during a flapless tissue punch technique, the full thickness flap provides an opportunity to preserve the keratinized gingiva and to form a healthy marginal attachment mucosa around the implants.

PMID:34587415 | DOI:10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2021038722

J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2021;31(4):21-26. doi: 10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2021035965.

ABSTRACT

Management of anchorage and good control of molars in all three planes of space is necessary for optimal results. It is of paramount importance for the clinician to select the appropriate anchorage control. The aim of the study was to compare the anchorage loss from implant-aided retraction and frictionless mechanics retraction in bimaxillary protrusion cases. Cephalograms of 40 patients were evaluated in this retrospective study, segregated into two groups based on their retraction mechanics. Anchorage loss was determined from measurements made on pretreatment and postretraction lateral cephalograms. Mean and standard deviation from independent sample t-tests were used to analyze the anchorage loss between the two groups. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20.0. In the implant-aided group, mean anchorage loss was 0.95 ± 0.36 mm; in the frictionless mechanics with conventional anchorage group, the mean anchorage loss was 2.44 ± 0.46 mm. The average interincisal angle in the frictionless mechanics group and the implant-aided retraction group was 99.45 ± 5.41° and 100.15 ± 4.85°, indicating similar incisor inclinations in the pretreatment group. Pretreatment interincisal angle measurement ensured that both groups had similar anchorage demands. Anchorage loss was greater in frictionless mechanics with conventional anchorage (2.44 m) when compared to implant-aided retraction mechanics (0.95 mm). Implant-aided retraction can thus be considered for cases requiring absolute anchorage.

PMID:34587411 | DOI:10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2021035965

Clin Exp Dent Res. 2021 Sep 29. doi: 10.1002/cre2.470. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, a number of clinical trials have been published comparing transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and traditional speech therapy treatment of voice and swallowing functions, but results have been conflicting.

OBJECTIVE: Assess the methodological quality of studies and determine whether TENS is an efficient therapeutic strategy for speech therapy treatment of healthy adults or those with dysphonia and/or dysphagia.

METHODS: The databases used were Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MedLine), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Cochrane Library and Web of Science (ISI Web of Knowledge). The study was conducted between May 2018 and January 2019, in line with Cochrane Handbook guidelines, and included studies on the use of TENS in healthy adults or those with compromised voice and/or swallowing function.

RESULTS: After the search and extraction of studies, the following were identified: TENS + VOICE: 7 articles; TENS + SWALLOWING: 5 articles. The studies exhibited medium quality and are heterogeneous, making it difficult to determine their effectiveness and the parameters to be used in future research. There were no statistically significant differences between the use of TENS alone or associated with another therapeutic technique for voice. For swallowing function, one study proved better results in cases of associated techniques – TENS + traditional therapy.

DISCUSSION: Speech therapy should increase the number of studies published and improve their methodological quality, reassessing methodological criteria. Current clinical practice is not grounded in evidence-based science. CLINICAL MESSAGE: the studies analyzed exhibited medium methodological quality; there are variations in the time, number and periodicity of the therapeutic sessions for TENS; there were no statistically significant differences between the use of TENS alone or associated with another therapeutic technique in voice; there were statistically significant differences between the use of TENS associated with traditional therapeutic in swallowing function.

PMID:34587375 | DOI:10.1002/cre2.470

J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2021;31(4):5-10. doi: 10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2021036259.

ABSTRACT

The implant-abutment connection is one of the most important factors for prosthesis stability. Moreover, restorations fabricated using CAD/CAM systems are more durable, marginally adaptive, aesthetically pleasing, and faster in fabrication as compared to the conventional restorations. The objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the outcome of framework fit in CAD/CAM milled single implant crown restorations using radiographs. Case records of 268 patients who have undergone implant placement and restoration at the Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology in a dental school in Chennai were obtained and analyzed. Intra Oral Periapical Radiographs that were taken post cementation of the crowns were examined for horizontal and vertical misfit. To minimize the sampling bias, the study was double blinded by an analyzer and a reviewer. The study reported that 47.94% (n = 128) had vertical misfit and in 52.06% (n = 139) there was no misfit. Horizontal misfit was found in 25.4% (n = 68) of the cases and was absent in 74.5% (n = 199) of implants that were restored. There was a statistical significance between misfit and the quadrant in which the implant was placed. It was observed that horizontal misfit was high in quadrant 3 with 38.7% (n = 77), followed by quadrant 4 with 31.7% (n = 63), quadrant 2 with 16.6% (n = 33) and quadrant 1 with 13.1% (n = 26). Vertical misfit was high in quadrant 3 with 38.1% (n = 53) followed by quadrant 4 and 2 with 36% (n = 50) and 15.8% (n = 22) respectively, and quadrant 1 with 10.1% (n = 14). It can be concluded that the marginal fit of CAD/CAM milled frameworks for single implant crowns showed higher vertical misfit than horizontal misfit. Horizontal misfit and vertical misfit was evident in quadrant 3.

PMID:34587409 | DOI:10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2021036259