Tag: statistics

Indian J Dent Res. 2021 Apr-Jun;32(2):174-180. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_1050_20.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The lower canine to canine retainer is one of the most commonly used retention appliance.

OBJECTIVE: Compare and assess the clinical efficiency and oral hygiene maintenance with 2 retainers: flexible spiral wire and ceramic interlocking bonded.

SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: Orthodontic department of a dental college.

PARTICIPANTS, STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Prospective randomized controlled trial that involved 40 patients who had completed orthodontic treatment and were randomly allotted to either group: flexible spiral wire (FSW) or ceramic interlocking retainers. Allocation ratio was 1:1.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Completed fixed orthodontic treatment with an acceptable treatment result.

MAIN OUTCOMES: Oral hygiene was assessed at 3 (T1) and 6 (T2) months intervals after debonding using Gingival and Plaque index. The contact point displacement was assessed using 3D model superimposition and bonded retainer failure was noted.

RANDOMIZATION AND BLINDING: Computer-generated random allocation, only data analyzer was blinded.

STATISTICS: Data normality was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk and Q-Q plot. Mixed model analysis was used to assess differences between the two groups for the above-mentioned parameters. The failure rate of the retainer was calculated by the Chi-Square test.

RESULTS: Only the plaque index score was significantly greater in the FSW group and showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05), rest of the parameters showed no statistically significant difference over the specified time points, although a mild increase in relapse was noted in both groups No serious harms were reported.

CONCLUSION: Both retainers seem to be effective in maintaining the treatment results however the FSW seems to accumulate more plaque over a given period of time thereby mandating proper hygiene maintenance and follow-up.

PMID:34810385 | DOI:10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_1050_20

Indian J Dent Res. 2021 Apr-Jun;32(2):158-161. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_5_21.

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Most often, young children with early childhood caries (ECC) may need oral rehabilitation under general anaesthesia (GA) as treatment cannot be done chairside. A procedure under GA can be traumatic and stressful for both the parents and the children. Hence, it becomes necessary to understand the parents’ opinions and address their concerns to provide better treatment. Aims: This qualitative study was conducted to explore the parental issues and concerns for their children treated under GA for ECC. Qualitative research approach was used so that it would enable us to address these issues better and prepare parents by counselling them in advance.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN: An in-depth interview was conducted with the parents of children who underwent oral rehabilitation under GA for ECC in the M.S. Ramaiah Memorial Hospital, admitted under the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry.

PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Data were audio-recorded and transcribed.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data collected were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: The themes derived were ‘Concerns and Issues of GA Procedures and Improved Oral-health-related Quality of Life’.

CONCLUSIONS: The parents of children who underwent oral rehabilitation under GA initially had a few concerns and were reluctant about the procedure but were happy with the improvement post-operatively.

PMID:34810382 | DOI:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_5_21

Indian J Dent Res. 2021 Apr-Jun;32(2):162-166. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_677_19.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To determine the applicability of Moyer’s probability tables in North Indian population of 16-18 year olds and to formulate a new regression equation for the same group of population.

SETTING AND DESIGN: Evaluative Study.

METHODS AND MATERIAL: 1000 children aged 16-18 years were selected as sample for the measurement of mesiodistal widths of permanent mandibular incisors, maxillary and mandibular canines and premolars using study models. The recorded values were then subjected to statistical analysis.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Software Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22.0.

RESULTS: The actual widths of the canine and premolars showed highly significant differences in maxilla and in mandible (P < 0.001), compared to widths predicted by Moyer’s probability table at 75^th percentile.

CONCLUSION: Moyer’s mixed dentition analysis was not an accurate method for prediction in North Indian population as it showed overestimation of tooth sizes. Hence, new regression equation has been formulated for the same.

PMID:34810383 | DOI:10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_677_19

Indian J Dent Res. 2021 Apr-Jun;32(2):147-152. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_676_18.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Parents’ infant and early childhood oral health knowledge is of paramount importance, because oral health behaviours are the exclusive domain of parents during the early years of life. Studies exploring the association between mother’s behaviour, oral health literacy and children’s oral health outcomes are scarce.

AIM: To evaluate the association between mother’s behaviour, oral health literacy and children’s dental caries experience.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among one hundred pre-school children aged 2-6 years and their mothers from pre-schools in Bangalore, India. Data regarding their demographics, mother’s knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) was collected through a questionnaire. Mother’s oral health literacy was assessed with Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry-30 (REALD-30) scale. Caries experience of the children was recorded using Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index. Data was entered into excel sheet and analysed using statistical package for SPSS 22.0.

RESULTS: : The mean KAP, REALD-30 and DMFT scores were 13.17 ± 4.57, 17.68 ± 5.85, 2.61 ± 2.21, respectively. In this study, REALD-30 score negatively correlated with DMFT score and positively correlated with KAP score. In a linear regression, KAP and REALD-30 scores showed a highly significant association with dental caries.

CONCLUSION: Mother’s behaviour and oral health literacy influenced caries experience of the children. Therefore, improving the behaviour and oral health literacy of the mothers is the key to influence child’s oral health.

PMID:34810380 | DOI:10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_676_18

J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2021 Oct-Dec;21(4):425-429. doi: 10.4103/jips.jips_135_21.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To evaluate the flexural properties of computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milled posts fabricated from the experimental fibre-reinforced composite disks in different fibre direction, and to compare the flexural properties of the CAD-CAM milled posts to those of commercial prefabricated posts, RelyX and FRC PostecPlus.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN: In vitro comparative study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: E-glass fibre was used to fabricate the CAD-CAM composite disks. The fibres were prepared in unidirectional and multidirectional arrangements into the epoxy resin, at 70% by weight. The disk was milled by the Cerec InLab CAD-CAM system to fabricate a post. Ten posts for each type of disk were prepared. Two types of commercial fibre posts, RelyX fibre post, and FRC PostecPlus were used as control. The three-point bending test was performed.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Game-Howell post-hoc test.

RESULTS: The results indicated that both commercial fibre posts had the highest flexural strength and flexural modulus. The unidirectional experimental post yielded significantly lower values in both flexural strengths (739.1 ± 24.1 MPa) and flexural modulus (21.0 ± 3.5 GPa) compared to the control posts, while the multidirectional experimental posts had extremely low flexural strength and flexural modulus.

CONCLUSIONS: The direction of the fibres significantly influenced the mechanical properties of the posts. The experimental unidirectional fibre-reinforced composite disk showed the potential to be used as a CAD-CAM disk for post and core fabrication.

PMID:34810372 | DOI:10.4103/jips.jips_135_21

Indian J Dent Res. 2021 Apr-Jun;32(2):140-146. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_508_18.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The disease profile of the world is changing at an astonishingly fast rate. It is essential that the impending nature of chronic disease is recognized and acted on urgently. India leads the world with the largest number of diabetics earning the dubious distinction of being termed the “diabetic capital” of the world.

AIM: To assess and compare the oral health status and related oral health risk factors among diabetic patients in Hyderabad and Secunderabad.

SETTINGS: A cross sectional study was carried out in various diagnostic centers among 801 patients aged 30 years and above.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Oral health status and self-assessed data on related oral risk factors were measured using modified World Health Organization (WHO) assessment form and oral health questionnaire for adults 2013.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Comparison of mean scores of the variables based on gender was assessed using ANOVA. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Females had higher proportion of untreated caries (362; 85%) and DMFT (Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth; 375; 88%) compared to males. On the basis of loss of attachment, the mean number of sextants with no loss of attachment was mostly noted among female subjects.

CONCLUSION: In the present study, though gingivitis was seen in higher percentage (82%), the presence of periodontal disease was relatively low (68.3%). It can be concluded that diabetic subjects may have poor oral health.

PMID:34810379 | DOI:10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_508_18

J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2021 Oct-Dec;21(4):412-419. doi: 10.4103/jips.jips_199_21.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The aim of this study is to assess the surface roughness and shear bond characteristics of pol-ether-ether-ketone after different surface treatments.

SETTING AND DESIGN: An in vitro, prospective.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty disc-shaped samples of 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness were milled and subjected to following surface treatments: 110 μm alumina particles, 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, and 10-20 μm synthetic diamond particles. Surface characteristics of treated sample were studied under SEM with ×500 and ×1000 magnification. Shear bond strength (SBS) with composite resin discs embedded in acrylic blocks after luting with self-etch resin cement and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) was evaluated using the universal testing machine (Instron®, Massachusetts U. S. A).

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The data collected were evaluated using the Analysis of variance and Tukey’s honest significant difference post hoc test.

RESULTS: Highest SBS and SR were noted with self-etch resin cement in the given order: 98% sulfuric acid (2.106 ± 0.186 μm), followed by alumina particles (1.706 ± 0.160 μm) and synthetic diamond particles (1.101 ± 0.167 μm).

CONCLUSION: The SBS of self-etch resin cement was higher compared to RMGIC for all three surface treatments done on test samples. Hundred percent samples treated by all three surface treatment methods showed mixed type of failure.

PMID:34810370 | DOI:10.4103/jips.jips_199_21

J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2021 Oct-Dec;21(4):420-424. doi: 10.4103/jips.jips_96_21.

ABSTRACT

AIM: Bacterial micro leakage at implant-abutment interface under functional loading is an important factor, may lead to crestal bone loss and affect the long term success of dental implants. Due to the limited studies about the implant systems with a connection of Slip joint design, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of dynamic loading on bacterial leakage at the implant-abutment interface with slip joint connection.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN: In vitro- comparative study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 20 implants and abutments with slip joint connections (Tapered Screw-Vent, 3.7 mm ×10 mm, Zimmer Dental, USA) was examined and depends on using functional loading were divided into two groups; loaded and unloaded. Initially, 10 μl of Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) culture broth was pipetted to the internal lumen of each implant, then the abutments were tightened to the fixtures and crowns were cemented. In the unloaded group, samples were immersed in E-Coli suspension for 5 days. In the loaded group, samples were immersed in microbial suspension under 500000 cycles using a cyclic load device. Following disconnection of fixtures and abutments, microbial samples were taken from the internal lumen of implants and colonies were counted. Data were analyzed using.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Mann-Whitney statistical test, SPSS version 24.

RESULTS: The mean rate of micro leakage in unloaded and loaded groups was 4000 CFU/ml and 27000 ± 31640 CFU/ml respectively. Bacterial colonies grew in 10% of unloaded samples and 50% of loaded samples. This difference was statistically significant. (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Microbial micro leakage at the implant-abutment interface with slip joint design increased significantly after functional loading.

PMID:34810371 | DOI:10.4103/jips.jips_96_21

J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2021 Nov 22. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.34966. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the physicochemical and biological properties of novel reparative materials composed of pure tricalcium silicate (Ca₃ SiO₅ ), Ca₃ SiO₅ doped with fluoride ions (Ca₃ SiO₅ -F) and their association with ZrO₂ (Ca₃ SiO₅ + ZrO₂ , Ca₃ SiO₅ -F + ZrO₂ ), in comparison with Biodentine (BIO). Setting time radiopacity, pH, solubility, and dimensional change were evaluated based on ISO 6876 Standard. Volumetric change and flow/filling were assessed by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Biological properties were evaluated by the MTT assay 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), Neutral Red (NR), cell migration, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and Alizarin Red Staining (ARS) assays. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA, Tukey, or Bonferroni tests (α = .05). Ca₃ SiO₅ -F + ZrO₂ had higher radiopacity, shorter setting time, and lower solubility and volumetric loss than BIO (p < .05). Ca₃ SiO₅ -F + ZrO₂ had flow and filling capacity similar to BIO (p > .05). All the cements evaluated had an alkaline pH. Ca₃ SiO₅ -F + ZrO₂ demonstrated cell viability similar to negative control (p > .05), increase in ALP activity in 7 days, mineralized nodule production in 21 days and repair capacity according to cell migration. In conclusion, Ca₃ SiO₅ -F + ZrO₂ had adequate setting time, radiopacity, solubility, and dimensional change. This material presented low volumetric change besides flow and filling capacity in micro-CT assessment. In addition, Ca₃ SiO₅ -F + ZrO₂ was biocompatible and bioactive, suggesting its use as reparative material.

PMID:34808030 | DOI:10.1002/jbm.b.34966

Eur J Dent Educ. 2021 Nov 22. doi: 10.1111/eje.12725. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUNDS: Canalis sinuosus (CS) is a neurovascular canal that corresponds to a small branch of the infraorbital canal.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at assessing the knowledge and detection performance of CS among dentists and dental students.

METHODS: Four-hundred and five dentists and dental students answered a questionnaire with three parts: 1. Socio-demographic; 2. Clinical cases with cone- beam computed tomography (CBCT) sections showing CS, and 3. Previous knowledge about CS. Chi-square test and Spearman’s correlation test were used to compare results as appropriate. P-values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: Most participants did not identify CS in any CBCT. There was association between the number of correct answers and dental specialties. Most individuals had not learned about CS previously. There was association between past knowledge of CS and gender, highest academic degree, working environment, dental specialty, and number of correct answers but not with age or experience in dentistry.

CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that most dentists are not aware about CS and do not know how to diagnose it. Previous knowledge about CS positively influenced its identification in CBCT.

PMID:34808014 | DOI:10.1111/eje.12725