Tag: statistics

PLoS One. 2022 Jan 21;17(1):e0262161. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262161. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to assess the mediating roles of positive and negative emotions on the relationship between COVID-19-related risk perception and coping behaviours adopted by Chinese college students in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted an internet-based questionnaire survey from mid February-late October 2020, among 1038 college students, from six Chinese universities (females = 73.41%), ranging within 17-26 years. The survey questionnaire included three major components-the COVID-19-Related Risk Perception Scale (CRPS), the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-Revision), and Coping Response of COVID-19 Scale (CRCS). Descriptive statistics and a mediated model were used to analyse the collected data. A partial mediation relationship was found between COVID-19-related risk perception and 1) active-response behaviour (β = 0.05, 95% Confidence Interval [CI: 0.03, 0.08]), 2) self-protection behaviour through positive emotions (β = 0.03, CI [0.01, 0.04]), and 3) risk-taking behaviour through negative emotions (β = -0.04, CI [-0.07, -0.02]). This study’s double-mediation model has been shown to detect the effect coping mechanisms to COVID-19. Furthermore, it implies that public health managers should consider the differences in coping mechanisms and the diverse mediating roles of positive and negative emotions for coping with public health emergencies.

PMID:35061777 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0262161

PLoS One. 2022 Jan 21;17(1):e0261920. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261920. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

To validate the Computerized Adaptive Test Suicide Scale (CAT-SS), Veterans completed measures at baseline (n = 305), and 6- (n = 249), and 12-months (n = 185), including the CAT-SS (median items 11, duration of administration 107 seconds) and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). Logistic regression was used to relate CAT-SS scores (baseline) to C-SSRS assessed outcomes (active ideation with plan and intent; attempt; interrupted, aborted or self-interrupted attempt, or preparatory acts or behaviors; all outcomes combined). A mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between the lagged CAT-SS scores and outcomes (6- and 12-months). The baseline CAT-SS demonstrated predictive accuracy for all outcomes at 6-months, and similar results were found for baseline and all outcomes at and through 12-months. Longitudinal analysis revealed for every 10-point change in the CAT-SS there was a 50-77% increase in the likelihood of suicide-related outcomes. The CAT-SS demonstrated added value when compared to current suicide risk prediction practices.

PMID:35061760 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0261920

J Magn Reson Imaging. 2022 Jan 21. doi: 10.1002/jmri.28072. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Long-distance running is a common cause of Achilles tendinopathy. A reliable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique to track early changes in the tendon caused by running could facilitate more effective interventions to combat progression.

PURPOSE: To evaluate an ultrashort echo time sequence with magnetization transfer preparation (UTE-MT) in the detection of changes in Achilles tendons of amateur marathon runners before and after long-distance running.

STUDY TYPE: Prospective.

POPULATION: Thirty-two runners (19 enrolled for full marathons and 13 enrolled for half-marathons) and 5 healthy non-runners.

FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3.0 T; UTE-MT and dual-echo UTE for T2* assessment (UTE-T2*).

ASSESSMENT: MRI was performed 1-week pre-race, 2-days post-race, and 4-weeks post-race. UTE-MT ratio (UTE-MTR) and UTE-T2* of tendon were measured by two independent radiologists who were blinded to the scan time point and participant data. The Achilles tendon was divided into six regions of interest (ROIs) for data analysis, namely the insertion part (INS), middle part (MID), muscle-tendon junction (MTJ), tendon-bone insertion (TBI), tendon-muscle insertion (TMI), and whole tendon (bulk).

STATISTICAL TESTS: Analysis of variance and Friedman’s rank tests were used to evaluate changes in UTE-MTR and UTE-T2* between time points. Tukey test and Bonferroni method were used for further comparisons. P < 0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS: The UTE-MTR values of most tendon ROIs changed significantly between the measured time points, except for the INS region (P = 0.1977). Conversely, the UTE-T2* values only showed significant changes in the MID and TBI regions. Paired comparisons showed that the UTE-MTR decreases in the MTJ, MID, TMI, and bulk regions at 2-days post-race were significant compared to measures taken pre-race and 4-weeks post-race. For UTE-T2* measurements, significant differences were observed only for the MID region between pre-race and 2-days post-race (P = 0.0408, 95% CI: 0.0061, 0.1973), and for the TBI region between pre-race and 4-weeks post-race (P = 0.0473, 95% CI: 0.0013, 0.1766).

DATA CONCLUSION: The UTE-MT sequence is able to detect biochemical changes in the Achilles tendon after long-distance running.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.

PMID:35060638 | DOI:10.1002/jmri.28072

Pain Med. 2022 Jan 21:pnac009. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnac009. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study examines Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS®)-29 v1.0 outcomes of chiropractic care in a multi-site, pragmatic clinical trial and compares the PROMIS measures to: 1) worst pain intensity from a numerical pain rating 0-10 scale, 2) 24-item Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ); and 3) global improvement (modified visual analog scale).

DESIGN: A pragmatic, prospective, multisite, parallel-group comparative effectiveness clinical trial comparing usual medical care (UMC) with UMC plus chiropractic care (UMC+CC).

SETTING: 3 military treatment facilities.

SUBJECTS: 750 active-duty military personnel with low back pain.

METHODS: Linear mixed effects regression models estimated the treatment group differences. Coefficient of repeatability to estimate significant individual change.

RESULTS: We found statistically significant mean group differences favoring UMC+CC for all PROMIS®-29 scales and the RMDQ score. Area under the curve estimates for global improvement for the PROMIS®-29 scales and the RMDQ, ranged from 0.79 to 0.83.

CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this pre-planned secondary analysis demonstrate that chiropractic care impacts health-related quality of life beyond pain and pain-related disability. Further, comparable findings were found between the 24-item RMDQ and the PROMIS®-29 v1.0 briefer scales.

PMID:35060609 | DOI:10.1093/pm/pnac009

Health Promot Int. 2022 Jan 21:daab213. doi: 10.1093/heapro/daab213. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The health promoting sports club describes the development of the settings-based approach in sports clubs. Based on this model, a questionnaire was developed to measure health promotion perceptions in sports clubs (e-PROSCeSS). The objective of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of a French version of the e-PROSCeSS measurement tool. The questionnaire includes three scales measuring stakeholder’s perceptions of club (macro), managers (meso) and coaches (micro) activities toward promoting health. Five steps were undertaken to assess perceptions. First, scales were translated into French. Second, each item’s content clarity was tested in three populations: managers, coaches, sports participants. Third, descriptive statistics were analyzed for each scale. Fourth, confirmatory factorial analysis was used to select items for each level. Predictive validity found positive relationships between health promotion perceptions and managing/coaching positions, and negative relationships with drop-out intentions. Positive relationships were found between sports participants’ perceptions of health promotion and their self-rated performance and quality of life, while negative relationships were detected with drop-out intentions. The French e-PROSCeSS subscales showed good psychometric properties in measuring health determinants at multiple levels. However, the tool did not measure health promotion as an overarching concept that questions its applicability in the sports club setting.

PMID:35060597 | DOI:10.1093/heapro/daab213

Europace. 2022 Jan 21:euab320. doi: 10.1093/europace/euab320. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: School-based routine screenings of electrocardiograms (ECGs) have been performed upon admission to primary school (PS), junior high school (JHS), and high school (HS) in Japan. Though ECGs with prolonged QT intervals are occasionally found, the role of regular ECG screening tests in identifying long QT syndrome (LQTS) remains to be determined. We investigated the usefulness of the ECG screenings by comparing the results of genetic tests between students who showed QT-prolongation in the screenings and patients with LQTS.

METHODS AND RESULTS: We genetically screened 341 students (106 PS, 173 JHS, and 62 HS). Of these, 230 subjects showed QT-prolongation during regular screenings (S-S group), and the other 111 patients were clinically consulted with suspected LQTS by paediatricians (C-C group). Genotype-phenotype relationships were compared between the two groups. The positive rates in the genetic tests were comparable among the two groups; however, symptomatic subjects were significantly fewer in the S-S group than the C-C group (3% vs. 70%). Compared to the genotype-negative subjects, the positive subjects showed significantly longer QTc (P < 0.0001) and more frequently presented LQTS risk scores with ≥3.5 points (P < 0.0001). Lethal arrhythmic events (LAE) occurred only in the C-C group; 18 subjects experienced LAE and 83% of them were found to carry variant(s) in the LQTS-related genes.

CONCLUSION: The school-based ECG screenings are effective in identifying young patients with LQTS who require genetic analysis. If individuals are screened at a younger age, we can identify patients at risk earlier and provide preventative treatments.

PMID:35060598 | DOI:10.1093/europace/euab320

Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Jan 21;101(3):e28629. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028629.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a management modality that improves the quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, PR is not readily accessible. Therefore, we developed lung-conduction exercises (LCE) that can be performed easily without any limitations. The purpose of this randomized, assessor-blind, multicenter pilot trial was to compare the effects of LCE with PR and standard care (SC) in COPD patients.

METHODS: Twenty-five participants who met the eligibility criteria were randomly allocated to the SC group (only medication, n = 9), LCE group (medication + LCE, 5 times a week, n = 8), or PR group (medication + PR, 5 times a week, n = 8). The 6-minute walk distance (6WMD), pulmonary function test, modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale, COPD assessment test (CAT), and St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) survey were carried out before starting the trial and after 4 and 8 weeks to determine motor performance, lung function, and dyspnea.

RESULTS: After 8 weeks, the pulmonary function test scores were the same. The 6MWD (PR, 28.3 ± 38.5; LCE, 14.5 ± 53.1; SC, 11.5 ± 20.5; P = .984), modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale (PR, 0.8 ± 1.0; LCE, 0.8 ± 0.8; SC, 0.3 ± 0.5; P = .772), CAT (PR, 7.3 ± 6.2; LCE, 4.2 ± 5.2; SC, 1.0 ± 2.2; P = .232), and SGRQ scores (PR, 11.5 ± 15.4; LCE, 5.5 ± 13.1; SC, 4.8 ± 5.1; P = .358 [PR vs LCE], P = .795 [PR vs SC]) had improved in order of PR, LCE, and SC group. Although there were no statistically significant differences in the outcome measures between the groups, there were clinically significant improvements in the CAT and SGRQ scores.

CONCLUSIONS: In this trial, PR showed more improvement in symptoms and quality of life than SC alone. To seek a more precise use of LCE, further full-sized studies with a long duration and additional outcome measures such as psychological assessment tools and cost-effectiveness ratio should be conducted.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: KCT0004724.

PMID:35060543 | DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000028629

Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Jan 21;101(3):e28618. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028618.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: Multiple nutritional therapies are currently available for patients with liver cirrhosis, yet many interventions have not been compared head-to-head within randomized clinical trials.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the improvement of nutritional indicators and liver function indexes of liver cirrhosis treated with different nutrition intervention.

DATA SOURCE: We searched PubMed, Embase. com and Cochrane Library database from construction to April 3, 2020. After eliminating the duplicated or overlapping reports, 6 studies were included. We performed a Bayesian network meta-analysis by Stata 12.0 and GeMTC 0.14.3 in order to compare different nutritional interventions with consistency model.

STUDY SELECTION: Randomized clinical trials comparing 2 or more therapies in patients with cirrhosis were evaluated. Six randomized clinical trials met the selection criteria.

DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two investigators independently reviewed the full manuscripts of eligible studies and extracted information into an electronic database: patients’ characteristics study design, interventions, the number of events of interest in each group.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Body mass index, Child-Pugh score, model for end-stage liver disease score, total bilirubin, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total protein, Triceps skinfold, Midarm Muscle Circumference, Fischer ratio, overall survival.

RESULTS: There are 6 studies enrolling a total of 1148 patients who received different nutrition supports including parenteral nutrition (PN), enteral nutrition (EN), EN (without branched-chain amino acids), EN + intestinal probiotics, PN + EN, late evening snacks (LES), EN + LES, noLES. The direct comparisons showed that the effect of EN was better than EN (without branched-chain amino acids); EN + intestinal probiotics was better than EN and PN; PN + EN was better than them alone; EN + LES was better than LES and EN; LES was better than noLES. Although the difference of indirect comparisons between the included regimens was not statistically significant, the results showed that EN + intestinal probiotics appeared to be superior to PN + EN. While LES and EN + LES seemed to rank behind them and the difference between them was extremely small.

CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Available evidence suggests that EN + intestinal probiotics appear to be the most effective strategy for patients with cirrhosis compared with other interventions.

PMID:35060537 | DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000028618

Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Jan 21;101(3):e28627. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028627.

ABSTRACT

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are leading global causes of morbidity and mortality. In patients with both of these conditions, the presence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) can further worsen their prognosis. We examined the outcomes of AMI patients with COPD (AMI+COPD) and without COPD (AMI-COPD), depending on the presence or absence of PH.A total of 318 AMI patients with COPD (AMI+COPD cohort) (n = 109) or without COPD (AMI-COPD cohort) (n = 209) were included in this study and were subdivided into 2 groups according to right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) level (PH group [RVSP ≥35 mm Hg] and no PH group [RVSP <35 mm Hg]).We investigated characteristics and clinical outcomes in both the AMI-COPD and AMI+COPD cohorts. When investigating in-hospital clinical outcomes, the PH group had a higher proportion of new-onset heart failure (HF) in both cohorts. In the AMI+COPD cohort, however, the PH group had a higher incidence of cardiogenic shock than the no PH group, which was consistent with the result of the post-inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis. When investigating 1-year clinical outcomes, the PH group had higher incidences of a major adverse cardiac event and all-cause mortality in both cohorts. This finding was mainly driven by cardiac death in the AMI-COPD cohort, whereas it was mainly driven by non-cardiac death in the AMI+COPD cohort. After IPTW adjustment, these differences were statistically attenuated such that all variables were similar between both groups.PH may be associated with the development of new-onset HF (in all patients) and cardiogenic shock (in the AMI+COPD cohort). In addition, PH may be also associated with all-cause mortality, although it was statistically attenuated after IPTW adjustment.

PMID:35060541 | DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000028627

Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Jan 21;101(3):e28596. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028596.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease that makes breathing difficult and is often accompanied by abdominal pain and distension. Moxibustion, a special external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, has shown beneficial effects in the treatment of abdominal pain. Currently, there is a lack of systematic reviews on moxibustion for the treatment of abdominal pain. We conduct this study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of moxibustion in the treatment of abdominal pain. This study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of moxibustion for abdominal pain in COVID-19.

METHODS: Randomized controlled trials from December 2019 to December 2021 will be included, without restrictions on language or publication date. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Databases, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and VIP Database were searched. Two researchers will independently select studies, extract data, and evaluate study quality. The Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials will be used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Statistical analyses will be conducted using the RevMan 5.3 software.

RESULTS: This study aimed to prove the efficacy and safety of moxibustion for abdominal pain in patients with COVID-19. Our study provides a more accurate treatment method for abdominal pain during COVID-19. We will publish our results in a peer-reviewed journal.

CONCLUSION: This study will provide more convincing evidence for clinicians to treat these conditions and help them make appropriate decisions.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study did not include personal information. Ethical approval was not required for this study.

INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY2021120104.

PMID:35060526 | DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000028596