Tag: statistics

Sao Paulo Med J. 2021 Nov 29:S1516-31802021005028201. doi: 10.1590/1516-3180.2020.0718.R1.18052021. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dengue is considered to be the most important arbovirus worldwide, with important complications that increase its lethality. In Brazil, an endemic country, the disease reaches significant incidence levels, with occurrences of serious cases and high costs of hospitalizations for its treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze risk factors among individuals with recent histories of dengue infection in a medium-sized city in Mato Grosso.

DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive cross-sectional study, of epidemiological-survey type, conducted among the urban population of a city located in mid-northern Mato Grosso.

METHODS: A seroepidemiological survey using questionnaires and collection of biological material was conducted among 596 adults aged ≥ 18 years who had been selected through a cluster sampling process. Positive dengue cases were those with positive results from anti-dengue immunoassays (ELISA). Statistical analyses with descriptive and inferential techniques were used, with 95% confidence intervals and a 5% significance level.

RESULTS: The seroepidemiological profile of the study participants was predominantly female, with ages between 18 and 39 years, self-declared non-white race/color, not more than eight years of education and not living with a companion. Among the sanitary factors analyzed, the following were risk factors for dengue virus infection: no running water at home; no water supply from the public piped network; no waste from drains or toilets sent to the sewage network; endemic disease combat agents visiting the home; and presence of mosquito breeding sites at home.

CONCLUSION: Low schooling levels and previous dengue virus infection were associated with current dengue virus infection.

PMID:34852169 | DOI:10.1590/1516-3180.2020.0718.R1.18052021

Rev Bras Enferm. 2021 Nov 29;75(3):e20210316. doi: 10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0316. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the completeness of nurses’ records on the execution of the nursing process in assistance of tuberculosis patients at Primary Care.

METHODS: this was a retrospective documental study, with 190 records in Family Health Units of a city in the state of Paraíba. The data were analyzed according to descriptive statistics, Pareto Diagram, and trend analysis.

RESULTS: the overall mean incompleteness of records was 53.01% (DP=26.13). Therefore, the results presented very poor completeness classification related to nursing diagnosis (88.9%), nursing assessment (66.8%), data collection (60.5%), while nursing interventions were classified as regular (11.1%). The nursing diagnosis was the only variable with a decreasing trend of non-completeness.

CONCLUSIONS: incompleteness of nurses’ records in the medical records of users with tuberculosis. Evaluation strategies, permanent and continuing education are indispensable in the quality of nurses’ documentation, directly implying the Systematization of Quality in Nursing Care.

PMID:34852125 | DOI:10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0316

Rev Bras Enferm. 2021 Nov 29;75(3):e20210407. doi: 10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0407. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: to identify factors associated with specific health-related quality of life in cerebrovascular accident, or stroke, survivors.

METHODS: cross-sectional study, carried out with 160 cerebrovascular accident survivors. Data were collected using the Barthel Index, Cerebrovascular Accident Specific Quality of Life Scale, and semi-structured instruments for sociodemographic and clinical data, analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics.

RESULTS: health-related quality of life was associated with work activity (p=0.027), physical activity (p=0.007), functional capacity (p=0.001), presence of caregiver (<0.001), motor alteration (p = 0.001) and rehabilitation (p=0.003). The functionally dependent people were 14.61 times more likely to present low health-related quality of life, and those with motor impairment were 3.07 times more likely.

CONCLUSIONS: it was evidenced that functional dependence and motor impairment increase the chance of low health-related quality of life in cerebrovascular accident survivors.

PMID:34852127 | DOI:10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0407

Rev Bras Enferm. 2021 Nov 29;75(3):e20190864. doi: 10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0864. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: to identify nursing diagnoses in patients who underwent hematopoietic stem-cell transplants due to Fanconi anemia, according to the NANDA-I taxonomy.

METHODS: exploratory study using a retrospective analysis of 85 records from patients who underwent hematopoietic stem-cell transplants due to Fanconi anemia, developed in a specialize transplant center in the South of Brazil. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS: 73 different diagnoses were found in 9 out of the 13 domains from the NANDA-I taxonomy. From these, 22 were in 50% or more of the patients investigated, and most of them are related to the domain Safety/Protection.

CONCLUSIONS: it was possible to identify the nursing diagnosis in the patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplants due to Fanconi anemia, contributing to design a plan for the care of these patients. The same was true for those with other syndromes of chromosomal instability that need to undergo this transplant.

PMID:34852115 | DOI:10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0864

Rev Bras Enferm. 2021 Nov 29;75(3):e20201341. doi: 10.1590/0034-7167-2020-1341. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: to analyze and compare levels of stress and resilience in nurses before and after the assessment for maintenance of the Hospital Accreditation Certification.

METHODS: quantitative, observational, and longitudinal research, with 53 nurses from a philanthropic hospital, in the Rio Grande do Sul. Data collected in two stages, March, and July 2019, before the assessment visit and 60 days after, using the Bianchi Stress Scale and Resilience Scale. Descriptive and analytical statistics were employed.

RESULTS: the majority of participants showed an average stress level before and after the evaluation. The highest stress scores were related to Domains E (coordination of unit activities) and C (activities related to personnel administration). In both moments of the study, the participants had medium and high resilience.

CONCLUSIONS: managing people, processes, and assistance are stressful activities in the Accreditation process and increase the nurses’ stress levels.

PMID:34852118 | DOI:10.1590/0034-7167-2020-1341

Cien Saude Colet. 2021 Nov;26(11):5841-5849. doi: 10.1590/1413-812320212611.30532020. Epub 2020 Oct 6.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of bareback sexually explicit media (SEM) consumption on anal sex without a condom by men who have sex with men (MSM). To this end, a page was created on the Facebook® social network with a link that directed interested parties to a questionnaire. Cisgender men, aged 18 years and over, who had sex with other men in the last 12 months, were included. Data were collected in 2017 and analyzed using univariate and bivariate inferential statistics and multivariate logistic regression. A total of 2,248 MSM participated in the research, with a mean age of 24.4 years and a mean number of 3.9 partners in the last 30 days. Having multiple sexual partners (ORa: 9.4; 95% CI 3.9-22.4), preferring movies with bareback scenes (ORa: 2.6; 95% CI 1.5-4.6), considering this practice a fetish and realizing it (ORa: 3.52; 95% CI 2.3-5.4), having casual partnerships (ORa: 1.8; 95% CI 1.5-1.9) and being aware of the partner’s negative serological status for HIV (ORa: 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-2.3) were factors that increased the likelihood of engaging in anal sex without a condom. Thus, we found an association between the consumption of bareback SEM and sex without a condom among MSM.

PMID:34852113 | DOI:10.1590/1413-812320212611.30532020

An Acad Bras Cienc. 2021 Nov 26;93(suppl 4):e20210538. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202120210538. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

Estimating the minimum streamflows in rivers is essential to solving problems related to water resources. In gauged watersheds, this task is relatively easy. However, the spatial and temporal insufficiency of gauged watercourses in Brazil makes researchers rely on the hydrological regionalization technique. This study’s objective was to compare different hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering approaches for the delimitation of hydrologically homogeneous regions in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, aiming to regionalize the minimum streamflow that is equaled or exceeded in 90% of the time (Q90). The methodological development for the regionalization of Q90 consisted of using regression analysis supported by multivariate statistics. With respect to independent variables for regionalization, this study considered the morphoclimatic attributes of 100 watersheds located in southern Brazil. The results of this study highlighted that: (i) the clustering techniques had the potential to define hydrologically homogeneous regions, in the context of Q90 in the Rio Grande do Sul State, mostly the Ward algorithm associated with the Manhattan distance; (ii) drainage area, perimeter, centroids X and Y, and mean annual total rainfall aggregated important information that increased the accuracy of the cluster; and (iii) the refined mathematical models provided excellent performance and can be used to estimate Q90 in ungauged rivers.

PMID:34852067 | DOI:10.1590/0001-3765202120210538

Cien Saude Colet. 2021 Nov;26(11):5701-5710. doi: 10.1590/1413-812320212611.31052020. Epub 2020 Sep 10.

ABSTRACT

The scope of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sexual exploitation of homeless children and adolescents living on the streets, as well as characteristics associated with this outcome. In this cross-sectional investigation, carried out in the municipalities of Rio Grande and Porto Alegre-RS, data were collected through interviews, which were conducted by trained interviewers. The Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) strategy was adopted and statistical analyses were conducted using Poisson regression with robust adjustment of variance. The sample included 186 children and adolescents between 10 and 17 years of age, of which 8% reported having been subjected to sexual exploitation. Being 16 to 17 years old, having had forced sexual intercourse and not having bonds with school were characteristics independently associated with this outcome. It was observed that the lack of contact with school increased the probability 16-fold of having suffered sexual exploitation, being considered the main risk factor in this study. The proposition is that the inclusion and permanence of homeless children and adolescents living on the streets into schools might significantly reduce the risk of sexual exploitation of this population group.

PMID:34852102 | DOI:10.1590/1413-812320212611.31052020

Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2021 Nov 29:S0004-27492021005008219. doi: 10.5935/0004-2749.20220066. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess choroidal changes using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography in coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

METHODS: Thirty-two patients with moderate COVID-19 and 34 healthy subjects were included in the study. Choroidal thickness was measured at 3 points as follows: at the subfovea, 1500 mm nasal to the fovea, and 1500 mm temporal to the fovea. The total choroidal area, luminal area, stromal area, and choroidal vascular index were measured with Image-J. All the measurements were performed during the disease and at 4 months after remission.

RESULTS: In the patient group, the subfoveal, nasal, and temporal choroidal thicknesses were decreased as compared with those in the controls, but without statistically significant differences (p=0.534, p=0.437, and p=0.077, respectively). The mean total choroidal, stromal, and luminal areas and choroidal vascular index were statistically significantly decreased in the patient group (p<0.001, p=0.001, p=0.001, and p=0.003; respectively). At 4 months after remission, the choroidal structural parameters and choroidal vascular index revealed statistically significant increases as compared with the baseline measurements in the patients with COVID-19 (all p<0.001 and p=0.047, respectively).

CONCLUSION: The choroidal vascular and stromal parameters showed significant transient decreases during the disease course of COVID-19.

PMID:34852062 | DOI:10.5935/0004-2749.20220066

Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2021 Nov 29:S0004-27492021005008211. doi: 10.5935/0004-2749.20220058. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of pupil dilation on intraocular pressure in preterm and term newborns.

METHODS: This prospective study involved 55 eyes of 28 preterm infants and 38 eyes of 20 term infants. The infants were divided into two groups according to their gestational ages at birth as follows: preterm group, <37 weeks and term group, ≥37 weeks. Pupil dilation was attained with tropicamide 0.5% and phenylephrine 2.5%. Intraocular pressure measurements were performed with Icare PRO (Icare Finland Oy, Helsinki, Finland) before and after pupil dilation. A paired t test was used to compare the measurements before and after pupil dilation.

RESULTS: The mean intraocular pressure change was -1.04 ± 3.03 mmHg (6.20/-11.40 mmHg) in the preterm group and -0.39 ± 2.81 mmHg (4.60/-9.70 mmHg) in the term group. A statistically significant difference in intraocular pressure was observed only in the preterm group after pupil dilation (p=0.01).

CONCLUSION: An unexpected alteration in intraocular pressure in newborns may occur after pupil dilation, especially in preterm infants.

PMID:34852054 | DOI:10.5935/0004-2749.20220058