Nevin Manimala

Orv Hetil. 2026 Jul 26;167(30):1207-1212. doi: 10.1556/650.2026.33610. Print 2026 Jul 26.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Adolescence is of particular importance in the prevention of non-communicable chronic diseases, as health behavior patterns established during this life stage may influence adult morbidity in the long term. The healthcare system and societal burden of chronic diseases justify the development of prevention programs initiated early in life and adapted to the needs of the target population.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to assess program awareness, health behavior characteristics and perceptions of prevention programs among the target population of the “Youth for a Healthy Future” (YHF) program.

METHOD: A cross-sectional quantitative questionnaire-based study was conducted in 2025 using convenience sampling. The 26-item online questionnaire was completed by 427 examined individuals; data processing was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 30.0 software. In addition to descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation, Pearson’s χ² test and Cramér’s association coefficient were applied.

RESULTS: The sample comprised 46% boys and 52.0% girls; the mean age was 18.0 years (SD = 1.73). The YHF program was known by 16% of respondents, and 29 examined individuals reported direct participation. Regular smoking was reported by 16% and occasional smoking by 17% of respondents. A significant association was found between school type and smoking status (χ² = 36.798; p<0.001; Cramér’s V = 0.29): a lower smoking rate was observed among grammar school students, whereas regular smoking was more frequent among vocational secondary school and technical school students. Awareness of the YHF program was also associated with school type (χ² = 12.070; p = 0.002; Cramér’s V = 0.17), with higher awareness among grammar school students. Among barriers to participation, insufficient information was reported by 61% of respondents, lack of free or discounted participation by 58%, and the insufficiently practical nature of programs by 38%. Among future program topics, stress management, mental health and sports events attracted the greatest interest.

CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, improving the reach of the YHF program and similar prevention initiatives requires more targeted communication, program structures better adapted to differences by school type and sex, and a stronger emphasis on practical and interactive program elements. Due to the cross-sectional design, causal conclusions cannot be drawn; however, the results may provide a basis for future longitudinal and controlled studies. Orv Hetil. 2026; 167(30): 1207-1212.

PMID:42503164 | DOI:10.1556/650.2026.33610

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Jul 10;137(2):027101. doi: 10.1103/3ck1-gzzf.

ABSTRACT

We study mean-field Ising models in which the coupling depends on the magnetization via a feedback function. We identify mixed phases (MPs) and show that they can be stable at zero temperature for sufficiently strong feedback. Moreover, stable MPs are always superstable, meaning that perturbations decay linearly in time. Feedback Ising models (FIMs) provide a useful framework for phase transformations between aligned phases via stable and unstable intermediate phases in multistable systems. We also analyze the dynamical behavior of FIMs driven by a varying magnetic field and discuss basic properties of finite-dimensional FIMs.

PMID:42503150 | DOI:10.1103/3ck1-gzzf

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Jul 10;137(2):021405. doi: 10.1103/pqcz-cvsv.

ABSTRACT

Gravitational-wave signals are typically interpreted under the vacuum hypothesis, i.e., assuming negligible influence from the astrophysical environment. This assumption is expected to break down for low-frequency sources such as extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs), which are prime targets for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and are expected to form, at least in part, in dense environments such as active galactic nuclei or dark-matter spikes or cores. Modeling environmental effects parametrically is challenging due to the large uncertainties in their underlying physics. We propose a nonparametric test for environmental effects in EMRIs, based on assessing the self-consistency of vacuum parameter posteriors inferred from different portions of the signal. Our results demonstrate that this test can reveal statistically significant inconsistencies from vacuum signals-arising from, e.g., incomplete modeling, environmental effects, or deviations from general relativity-without introducing additional parameters or assumptions about the underlying physics.

PMID:42503148 | DOI:10.1103/pqcz-cvsv

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Jul 10;137(2):021410. doi: 10.1103/5hvn-3lmh.

ABSTRACT

We introduce accelerated sequential posterior inference via reuse (ASPIRE), a broadly applicable framework that transforms existing posterior samples and Bayesian evidence estimates into unbiased results under alternative models without rerunning the original analysis. ASPIRE combines normalizing flows with a generalized sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) scheme, enabling efficient updates of existing results and reducing total likelihood evaluations and wall times by factors of up to 5.8 and 5.5, respectively, with larger gains per posterior sample. This addresses a growing problem in gravitational-wave astronomy, where events must be repeatedly reanalyzed under different models or physical hypotheses. We show that ASPIRE reproduces full Bayesian results when switching waveform models or adding physical effects such as spin precession and orbital eccentricity. With this statistical robustness, ASPIRE turns repeated reanalyses into fast, reliable updates-paving the way for systematic studies of waveform systematics, scalable reanalyses across large event catalogs, and broadly applicable Bayesian reanalysis across other scientific domains.

PMID:42503147 | DOI:10.1103/5hvn-3lmh

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Jul 10;137(2):024001. doi: 10.1103/fj29-8l44.

ABSTRACT

Velocity circulation around closed loops is a fundamental quantity of central interest in the study of the energy cascade in turbulent flows. Recent theoretical and numerical studies have identified circulation as a geometric observable that captures intermittency through the area rule and a distinctive bifractal scaling of its moments in classical and quantum turbulence. One fundamental question is how these statistical characteristics of circulation are altered when an additional agent such as long-chain flexible polymer that can modify the turbulence energy cascade is added to the fluid. Here, through stereo particle image velocimetry measurements in high Reynolds number (R_{λ}≈393) turbulent flow of pure water and dilute polymer solution in a von Kármán swirling flow system, we provide the first experimental evidence that the area rule and the bifractality of the circulation hold for planar loops in both the 3D Newtonian and polymeric turbulence. These two statistical characteristics of circulation are robust despite strong modifications of the energy cascade and small-scale topology induced by polymer elasticity, except that the Hölder exponent in polymeric turbulence (h≈1.55) is significantly larger than in Newtonian turbulence (h≈1.14), suggesting that the flow is smoother in polymeric turbulence. Our results establish velocity circulation as a more universal and fundamental tool, compared to the very frequently used velocity increments, for unifying intermittency across different turbulent systems from Newtonian to polymeric to quantum turbulence.

PMID:42503133 | DOI:10.1103/fj29-8l44

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Jul 10;137(2):026101. doi: 10.1103/2mrn-lhmz.

ABSTRACT

Chemical short-range order (SRO) is an intrinsic feature of the atomic structures in multiprincipal element alloys (MPEAs). Effective control of SRO structures could considerably improve the strength and ductility of MPEAs. However, the experimental characterization of SRO remains highly challenging due to their extremely high complexity and small sizes. This Letter presents that, by integrating experiments and atomistic modeling, positron annihilation spectroscopy could directly identify SRO structures in bcc NbTiZr MPEA. It was revealed that both Zr-rich and Nb-rich regions are formed in the SRO structure. The effects of lattice relaxation and electron charges lead to an increased positron annihilation contribution from Zr and a corresponding decrease from Nb. This subtle change was directly captured by integrating theoretical and experimental positron annihilation Doppler broadening spectra. The evolution of SRO was further validated by synchrotron small angle x-ray scattering. Unlike conventional localized techniques, the proposed approach provides a nondestructive, statistically averaged and element-sensitive probe, establishing a unique route to identify local chemical fluctuations in complex materials.

PMID:42503116 | DOI:10.1103/2mrn-lhmz

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Jul 10;137(2):026301. doi: 10.1103/6qcc-wdtx.

ABSTRACT

The fluctuation-dissipation theorem connects equilibrium noise to linear response and forms a cornerstone of statistical and quantum physics, yet its extension to geometry-driven nonlinear transport remains largely unexplored. Here we establish a geometric fluctuation-dissipation relation linking dc current noise at linear order to second-order nonlinear responses-specifically shift and injection photocurrents-in the bulk photovoltaic effect of noncentrosymmetric gapped quantum materials. Using a microscopic density-matrix formalism, we show that linear dc current noise in the dc electric field arising from off-diagonal current correlations is universally governed by frequency-integrated nonlinear optical responses and is encoded in the quantum geometry of Bloch states. We further demonstrate that intrinsic and extrinsic noise contributions exhibit distinct symmetry properties and relaxation-time dependencies, corresponding respectively to shift and injection photocurrents. We derive analytical expressions in a generic two-band model and numerically verify them in the Haldane model. Our results establish dc current noise at linear order as a direct probe of quantum geometry and nonlinear optical response in gapped quantum materials, extending fluctuation-dissipation relations well beyond linear equilibrium transport.

PMID:42503114 | DOI:10.1103/6qcc-wdtx

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Jul 10;137(2):021902. doi: 10.1103/dmv6-7gdv.

ABSTRACT

The first observation of the doubly charmed baryon Ξ_{cc}^{+} is reported through its decay to the Λ_{c}^{+}K^{-}π^{+} final state, with a statistical significance exceeding seven standard deviations. The observation is made using proton-proton collision data collected in 2024 with the LHCb Run 3 detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13.6 TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 6.9 fb^{-1}. The Ξ_{cc}^{+} mass is measured to be 3619.97±0.83±0.26_{-1.30}^{+1.90} MeV/c^{2}, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is due to the unknown Ξ_{cc}^{+} lifetime, which is assumed to lie in the range 15-160 fs with a baseline value of 45 fs. The difference between the masses of the Ξ_{cc}^{+} and Ξ_{cc}^{++} baryons is determined to be -1.77±0.84±0.15_{-1.30}^{+1.90} MeV/c^{2}. This is the first observation of a new particle made with the LHCb Run 3 detector.

PMID:42503113 | DOI:10.1103/dmv6-7gdv

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Jul 10;137(2):026703. doi: 10.1103/jn9y-yfcw.

ABSTRACT

We address a central open question in driven topological matter by investigating the nonequilibrium response of a two-dimensional magnet with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions subjected to a periodically oscillating magnetic field. Using extensive Monte Carlo simulations, we uncover a dynamically reentrant skyrmion phase that emerges within a finite window of field amplitudes and bias fields, sandwiched between the conventional skyrmion and polarized ferromagnetic phases. This phase has no equilibrium counterpart and originates from an imbalance between skyrmion creation and annihilation over a single field cycle, leading to a reversal of the period-averaged topological charge. We show that the reentrant phase exists only in the dynamic response regime where the system can follow the drive, and is suppressed at higher driving frequencies. Our results establish periodic driving as a nonequilibrium control parameter for stabilizing and reversing skyrmion topology.

PMID:42503084 | DOI:10.1103/jn9y-yfcw

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Jul 10;137(2):020201. doi: 10.1103/xdcg-6df5.

ABSTRACT

Continuous-variable quantum systems are foundational to quantum computation, communication, and sensing. While traditional representations using wave functions or density matrices are often impractical, the tomographic picture of quantum mechanics provides an accessible alternative by associating quantum states with classical probability distribution functions called tomograms. Despite its advantages, including compatibility with classical statistical methods, the tomographic method remains underutilized due to a lack of robust estimation techniques. This Letter addresses this gap by introducing a nonparametric kernel quantum state estimation (KQSE) framework for reconstructing quantum states and their trace characteristics from noisy data, without prior knowledge of the state. In contrast to existing methods, KQSE yields estimates of the density matrix in various bases, as well as trace quantities such as purity, higher moments, overlap, and trace distance, with a near-optimal convergence rate of O[over ˜](T^{-1}), where T is the total number of measurements. KQSE is robust for multimodal, non-Gaussian states, making it particularly well suited for characterizing states essential for quantum science.

PMID:42503078 | DOI:10.1103/xdcg-6df5