Odontology. 2026 Aug 3. doi: 10.1007/s10266-026-01519-9. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
The objective was to compare conventional and electronic cigarettes regarding the discoloration of three types of aligner composite resin attachments. Three composite resins were evaluated: Tokuyama Estelite Universal Flow, G-ænial Universal Injectable, and Filtek Z350 XT Universal Restorative. Attachments were bonded onto epoxy resin models (N = 28 teeth). Each composite group was divided into conventional and electronic cigarette subgroups (n = 14). Color measurements were performed before and after exposure with VITA Easyshade V, and ΔE00 and Whiteness Index for Dentistry (WID) values were calculated. The chemical composition of the attachments was assessed using FTIR-ATR. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA, paired and independent samples t-tests. After conventional cigarette exposure, WID significantly decreased in all composites. Tokuyama Estelite Universal Flow exhibited a significantly smaller reduction in WID (- 4.06 ± 4.03) compared with G-ænial Universal Injectable (- 8.28 ± 3.56) and Filtek Z350 XT (- 10.16 ± 4.63) (p < 0.05). Following electronic cigarette exposure, WID increased for G-ænial Universal Injectable (p = 0.031) but decreased for Filtek Z350 XT (p = 0.009). After electronic cigarette, ΔE00 was significantly higher in G-ænial Universal Injectable (4.07 ± 1.49) than in Filtek Z350 XT (2.94 ± 2.38) (p = 0.001). Significant differences between conventional and electronic cigarette exposure were observed for G-ænial Universal Injectable in ΔL, for all composites in Δb and ΔWID, and for Filtek Z350 XT in ΔE00. Irrespective of the smoking type, all composite resins exhibited ΔE00 values exceeding the clinically acceptable threshold after exposure. After conventional cigarette, whiteness index of Tokuyama Estelite Universal Flow was less affected than other resin types. Conventional cigarette induced more pronounced color changes than electronic cigarette aerosol.
PMID:42547722 | DOI:10.1007/s10266-026-01519-9
