Category: Nevin Manimala

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2026 May 3. doi: 10.1007/s11356-026-37789-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Air pollution is one of the important environmental and public health hazards that requires a combination of assessments, monitoring, and mitigation approaches. The current review is an attempt to review the tools for monitoring and modeling air pollution data focusing on predictive forecasting. The review involves different modeling techniques, including deterministic models, statistical methods, and machine learning and deep learning techniques employed to process pollutant concentration, considering data quality, uncertainty assessment, model interpretability, and temporal and spatial scales. An emphasis is laid on hybrid and ensemble models integrating physics-based and data-driven approaches to enhance the prediction accuracy and robustness. Finally, the review explores emerging directions, such as physics-informed machine learning and edge-computing models, and identifies opportunities for open data platforms and collaborative research to promote fair and meaningful air quality management in a global context.

PMID:42070218 | DOI:10.1007/s11356-026-37789-7

Discov Ment Health. 2026 May 3. doi: 10.1007/s44192-026-00468-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The coach-athlete relationship is central for the development and well-being of adolescent athletes, but the mechanisms underlying this relation are underexplored. Learning life skills may explain these underlying mechanisms; therefore, understanding this line of inquiry can help optimize the coaching process and life skill development. Given this context, this study aims to analyze how the interactions between coaches and adolescent athletes are associated with well-being, as well as understand the statistical mediating role of life skills. A total of 312 Brazilian adolescent athletes participated, completing measures assessing the coach-athlete relationship, life skills and well-being. The paths (coach-athlete relationship → life skills → well-being) were tested using structural equation modeling. As a result, life skills showed a statistical indirect association accounting for 45.7% of the variance explained in the association between the coach-athlete relationship with well-being. Among the dimensions associated with the coach-athlete relationship, commitment emerged as a significant correlate of all life skills. Moreover, complementarity showed a direct association with all three well-being domains. Additionally, closeness showed a specific direct association only with psychological well-being. With regards to life skills, goal setting was positively associated with all three well-being domains, whereas emotional skills showed a negative association, suggesting that they may function as a marker of prior adversity. Taken together, the coach-athlete relationship is not a monolithic construct; its dimensions show functional specificity in their associations. From an applied standpoint, sport-based programs should prioritize building a relationship of commitment as a foundational element to support the intentional teaching of skills.

PMID:42070203 | DOI:10.1007/s44192-026-00468-7

Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2026 May 3. doi: 10.1007/s13555-026-01763-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The aerosol foam formulation of calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate (Cal/BD) is an efficacious topical treatment for psoriasis. This study evaluated the efficacy of Cal/BD foam versus ointment in Chinese patients, on the basis of investigator-assessed and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) from a 4-week clinical trial, including post hoc analyses after 2 weeks of treatment.

METHODS: A randomized, investigator-blind, active-controlled, parallel-group phase 3 trial was conducted in China. Native Chinese adults (≥ 18 years) with plaque psoriasis involving 2-30% of the body surface area (BSA), with at least mild disease severity according to the Physician’s Global Assessment (PGA), and modified Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (mPASI) ≥ 2 were randomized 1:1 to receive either Cal/BD foam or ointment once daily for a 4-week treatment period. Efficacy was assessed at weeks 0, 2, and 4 using mPASI, PGA, BSA, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Psoriasis Symptom Inventory (PSI), and Subject’s Global Assessment of disease severity (SGA).

RESULTS: A total of 302 patients were randomized to each treatment. Both groups had clinically meaningful improvements across all outcome measures from baseline to week 2, with sustained or further improvements at week 4. For Cal/BD foam-treated patients, mean change from baseline in mPASI was -59.87% at week 2 (versus ointment: -54.59%; P = 0.010) and -74.69% at week 4 (versus ointment: -70.22%; P = 0.043). Other investigator-assessed outcomes based on mPASI and PGA showed statistically significant treatment differences favoring Cal/BD foam at week 4. Improvements in PROs (DLQI, PSI, and SGA) were numerically slightly greater with Cal/BD foam than ointment, though not statistically significant. For Cal/BD foam-treated patients, mean change from baseline in DLQI was -3.9 at week 2 (versus ointment: -3.7; P = 0.5012) and -5.5 at week 4 (versus ointment: -5.3; P = 0.5119).

CONCLUSIONS: Cal/BD foam showed rapid onset of action with clinically meaningful improvements in signs, symptoms, and quality of life in Chinese patients with plaque psoriasis.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05919082. Plaque psoriasis is the most common type of psoriasis, a chronic disease affecting the skin and other body systems. Plaques are thick, scaly patches of skin that can be itchy and painful, limiting patients’ everyday activities. Plaque psoriasis has a major impact on quality of life, comparable with the impact of other chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease. Many treatments, such as creams, tablets, and injections, can improve plaque psoriasis, but they do not always work well for everyone. In a clinical trial in China, we tested two treatments-a foam and an ointment-that have the same amount of two active ingredients: calcipotriol (Cal) and betamethasone dipropionate (BD). The goal was to find out if Cal/BD foam, which is the newer treatment, worked as well as Cal/BD ointment in Chinese men and women with plaque psoriasis. The trial participants were randomly distributed into two groups, each with 302 participants. One group applied Cal/BD foam on their plaques and the other group applied Cal/BD ointment, both once daily for 4 weeks. Both groups had meaningful improvements in psoriasis signs and symptoms as well as quality of life already after 2 weeks, with sustained or further improvements after 4 weeks. Overall, the improvements were slightly greater with Cal/BD foam than with Cal/BD ointment.

PMID:42070197 | DOI:10.1007/s13555-026-01763-5

Qual Life Res. 2026 May 3;35(6):135. doi: 10.1007/s11136-026-04245-5.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify subgroups of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and examine predictors of latent class membership among low- and high-income cancer survivors using latent class analysis (LCA).

METHODS: We analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2020), including 1075 cancer survivors. HRQoL patterns were identified using LCA based on the EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire. Analyses were conducted separately for low- and high-income groups to examine income-stratified HRQoL patterns. Sociodemographic characteristics and chronic disease status were included as covariates in the latent class models to examine predictors of class membership within each income group.

RESULTS: Income-stratified LCAs suggested differential HRQoL patterns. Three latent HRQoL classes were identified in the low-income group: Good HRQoL, Pain and Mobility Impairment, and Poor HRQoL. In the high-income group, two classes were identified: Good HRQoL and Pain and Mobility Impairment. While education was a common predictor in both groups, other predictors varied by income level. In the low-income group, older age, unemployment, and multimorbidity were significantly associated with impaired HRQoL classes, whereas female sex predicted membership in the Pain and Mobility Impairment class in the high-income group.

CONCLUSION: These findings highlight differences in HRQoL patterns and associated factors across income-stratified groups of cancer survivors, underscoring the limitations of relying solely on average HRQoL scores in survivorship care. Survivorship strategies should be tailored to the differential HRQoL patterns and associated predictors identified within each income group, thereby promoting more targeted and equitable care for cancer survivors.

PMID:42070164 | DOI:10.1007/s11136-026-04245-5

Cancer Med. 2026 May;15(5):e71906. doi: 10.1002/cam4.71906.

ABSTRACT

The infiltration and cytotoxicity of T lymphocytes are critical for cancer immunotherapy efficacy; however, the behavior of these immune cells has not been thoroughly investigated. Herein, a Tumor-Immune-On-Chip is established using cells acquired from the tissues of a patient with colorectal cancer to monitor T lymphocytes. Through the Tumor-Immune-On-Chip, the interaction between tumor spheroid and either T lymphocytes expanded from tumors (tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; TILs) or lymph nodes (lymph node-derived lymphocytes; LN T cells) are investigated. Although initial 24-h analysis showed no statistical differences, extended 48-h observation revealed a significant deviation in T cell-mediated cell death signals between TILs and LN T cells. TILs demonstrated more potent cytotoxic effects than LN T cells after 48 h. The number of tumor-infiltrating CD3⁺ cells and cleaved caspase-3 expression levels were 4- and 2.1-fold higher, respectively, in TIL co-cultures compared to LN T cell co-cultures. Therefore, this proof-of-concept platform allows us to explore the patient-specific tumor-immune microenvironment, focusing on different types of T lymphocytes and establishing methodology for future clinical applications. ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT02589496.

PMID:42070157 | DOI:10.1002/cam4.71906

J Am Heart Assoc. 2026 May 3:e050299. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.126.050299. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Bioprosthetic mitral valve degeneration is traditionally treated with redo surgical mitral valve replacement (redo-SMVR), but valve-in-valve transcatheter mitral valve replacement (ViV-TMVR) offers a less invasive alternative.

METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing ViV-TMVR and redo-SMVR. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases (inception to September 2025) were searched. Meta-analyses were conducted with random-effects models to assess patient-relevant outcomes; Kaplan-Meier-derived time-to-event data were pooled to assess late outcomes.

RESULTS: Thirteen observational studies met our eligibility criteria, including 15 941 patients (ViV-TMVR: 5465; redo-SMVR: 10476). In comparison with redo-SMVR, ViV-TMVR was associated with lower risk of in-hospital mortality (risk ratio [RR], 0.72 [95% CI, 0.57-0.90]; P=0.004), stroke (RR, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.29-0.83]; P=0.008), bleeding (RR, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.20-0.94]; P=0.035), acute kidney injury (RR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.42-0.77]; P<0.001), permanent pacemaker implantation (RR, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.19-0.49]; P<0.001), and shorter hospital length of stay (mean difference,-5.09 days [95% CI, -6.56 to -3.63]; P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of 5-year survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.92 [95% CI, 0.81-1.05]; P=0.256); however, the landmark analysis revealed that ViV-TMVR was associated with lower risk of death in the initial 6 months (HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.58-0.83]; P<0.001) but a higher risk beyond 6 months (HR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.20-1.79]; P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: In patients amenable to ViV-TMVR, this procedure shows a lower initial risk of death and complications, but higher mortality after 6 months in comparison with redo-SMVR. These findings highlight the importance of striking a balance between upfront surgical risk and estimated life expectancy when selecting interventions.

PMID:42070125 | DOI:10.1161/JAHA.126.050299

Hypertens Pregnancy. 2026 Dec 31;45(1):2665113. doi: 10.1080/10641955.2026.2665113. Epub 2026 May 3.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to glucose intolerance, insulin sensitivity, and beta islet cell dysfunction during pregnancy. GDM pathogenesis is associated with hypertension, impaired placental and renal function, oxidative stress, and increased circulating CD4⁺ T cells. There are limited animal models to explore GDM pathology and treatment. This study sought to determine a role for GDM placental CD4⁺ T cells to parallel manifestations of the GDM phenotype in pregnant athymic nude rats.

METHODS: GDM placental CD4+ T cells (GDM T cells) were isolated upon delivery and injected into pregnant nude rats on gestational day (GD) 12. Mean arterial pressure and markers of renal injury, proteinuria, kidney injury molecule-1, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, were assessed on GD19. Glucose, insulin tolerance, and glucose tolerance tests were also performed. Renal and pancreatic tissues were stained using Periodic acid Schiff and hematoxylin and eosin, respectively. A one-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: Adoptive transfer of GDMT cells increased blood pressure (120.8 ± 2.2 mmHg, p < 0.05) compared to controls (105.4 ± 2.8 mmHg) and normotensive Tcell recipients (96.3 ± 3.9 mmHg). Metformin or MitoTEMPO attenuated this response. GDM T cell recipients had elevated blood glucose (p < 0.05) and impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, which improved with metformin or MitoTEMPO treatment. Renal injury was more severe in GDM T cell recipients, but attenuated with metformin or MitoTEMPO. Pancreatic morphology showed reduced beta islet numbers in GDM T cell recipients.

CONCLUSION: GDM CD4⁺ T cells contribute to hypertension, glucose intolerance, and renal dysfunction, improved byMitoTEMPO. These findings supports optional therapeutics that support mitochondrial function during pregnancy.

PMID:42070109 | DOI:10.1080/10641955.2026.2665113

J Sch Health. 2026 Jun;96(6):e70155. doi: 10.1111/josh.70155.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Schools are critical settings for supporting student mental health; research is needed to identify key levers for addressing the impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on students’ relationships.

METHODS: Drawing on survey data from rural high school students (N = 2902), we examine the associations between ACEs scores and multiple developmental relationships (parenting adults, teachers, peers, neighbors, program leaders). School-level engagement and support, and teacher relationships were also examined as potential protective factors.

RESULTS: Higher ACEs scores were associated with weaker developmental relationships across all groups. However, positive relationships with teachers and supportive school engagement and support slightly moderated the negative influence of ACEs on youths’ relationships with parenting adults.

IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY: District and school leaders should support educators in building strong relationships with students by protecting their capacity, providing trauma-informed professional development, and ensuring access to mental health services for students and staff.

CONCLUSIONS: Building strong relationships with teachers and fostering a supportive and engaging school environment can be key strategies for buffering the risks associated with adversity and ultimately supporting young people’s development of strong, healthy relationships.

PMID:42070095 | DOI:10.1111/josh.70155

Med Sci Monit. 2026 May 3;32:e952138. doi: 10.12659/MSM.952138.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND This retrospective study aimed to radiographically compare injectable platelet-rich fibrin (I-PRF)-enriched bone graft matrix (sticky bone) with conventional particulate grafting during lateral sinus lift procedures performed simultaneously with implant placement in patients exhibiting insufficient posterior maxillary residual bone height. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four systemically healthy, non-smoking patients who underwent lateral sinus lift surgery between January 2014 and June 2023 were included. Patients were retrospectively allocated into groups according to grafting material: conventional particulate bone graft (group 1, n=12) and I-PRF-enriched bone graft matrix (sticky bone) (group 2, n=12). Radiographic bone height measurements were obtained using panoramic radiographs acquired preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and at 6 months postoperatively. Measurements were conducted using calibrated digital software. Inter- and intragroup comparisons were analyzed via paired and independent samples t-tests, using a statistical significance threshold of P<0.05. RESULTS Immediate postoperative bone gain was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (11.94 mm vs 10.15 mm; P<0.05). However, bone resorption at 6 months was significantly greater in group 1 than in group 2 (2.61 mm vs 1.07 mm; P<0.05). Bone loss percentage also was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (16.50% vs 7.74%; P<0.05), indicating superior bone preservation in group 2. CONCLUSIONS Although conventional grafting resulted in greater initial bone gain, I-PRF-enriched bone graft matrix demonstrated significantly reduced bone resorption at 6 months. Sticky bone may provide a clinical advantage in bone preservation after sinus lift procedures.

PMID:42070073 | DOI:10.12659/MSM.952138