Category: Nevin Manimala

Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2025 Dec 27. doi: 10.1111/apt.70492. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Disentangling whether disordered eating is a cause, consequence or manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms remains a challenge. We conducted an updated systematic review and the first meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of eating disorders in individuals with IBD.

METHODS: We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO from inception to 28 October 2025, for original observational studies reporting the prevalence of at least one eating disorder in an IBD population. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using random-effects models and stratified by IBD type, sex, age and assessment method. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using Q and I² statistics.

RESULTS: Twenty-three studies were included. Prevalence estimates varied substantially depending on how eating disorders were assessed. Studies using self-report questionnaires yielded a pooled prevalence of 13.60% (95% CI = 9.86%-17.81%; I² = 90.7%; n = 18), whereas studies employing physician-assigned diagnoses yielded a lower pooled prevalence of 2.84% (95% CI = 0.00%-9.03%; I² = 99.9%; n = 5). The highest prevalence was observed in studies using the Nine-Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Screen, with a pooled estimate of 17.10% (95% CI = 12.81%-21.88%; I² = 87.4%; n = 9). No significant differences in prevalence were found by sex, IBD subtype, age at time of study or disease activity.

CONCLUSIONS: Eating disorders are prevalent among individuals with IBD, particularly avoidant/restrictive types. These findings highlight the need for improved screening and greater clinical awareness to better detect and manage disordered eating in the IBD population.

PMID:41455094 | DOI:10.1111/apt.70492

Support Care Cancer. 2025 Dec 27;34(1):57. doi: 10.1007/s00520-025-10284-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: With improved survival in pediatric cancers, late effects such as reproductive dysfunction and infertility have emerged as a major concern. Oncofertility services remain underdeveloped in India, particularly in public sector institutions. We aimed to evaluate reproductive function and fertility preservation practices in childhood cancer survivors (CCS) attending a tertiary care center in India.

METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study of CCS enrolled at the Pediatric Cancer Survivor Clinic of AIIMS, New Delhi, between January 2022 and December 2024. Survivors ≥ 8 years of age with prior gonadotoxic therapy were included. Hormonal assays, semen analysis, and ovarian reserve evaluations were conducted. Interventions were offered based as indicated.

FINDING: The cohort included 87 males and 45 females, mostly treated for hemato-lymphoid malignancies. Hypogonadism was identified in 76.3% of males based on low testosterone, and azoospermia in 50% of those tested. Among females, 56.8% of those tested had low anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels, and 62.5% of those tested had reduced antral follicle count. Despite high-risk features, fertility preservation uptake was poor. Only five females received hormone replacement therapy. Cultural barriers and financial constraints were major deterrents.

CONCLUSION: There is a high burden of reproductive dysfunction among Indian CCS, with significant gaps in fertility preservation. Early integration of oncofertility services within oncology care is feasible and essential. Structured, multidisciplinary models and non-governmental organization (NGO) support can help bridge current gaps in LMICs.

PMID:41455091 | DOI:10.1007/s00520-025-10284-4

Spine Deform. 2025 Dec 27. doi: 10.1007/s43390-025-01260-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes following in situ transdiscal L5-S1 fixation (delta fixation) in elderly osteoporotic patients with high-grade spondylolisthesis, with emphasis on functional recovery and changes in sagittal spinopelvic alignment.

METHODS: 15 patients aged > 60 years (mean age 74.9 ± 14.8 years) with Meyerding Grade III-IV L5-S1 spondylolisthesis and osteoporosis (DEXA T score ≤ – 2.5) underwent posterior-only in situ transdiscal fixation and neural decompression. Pre- and postoperative spinopelvic parameters were assessed using standing radiographs and Surgimap® software. Functional outcomes were evaluated using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for back and leg pain, with a minimum follow-up of 24 months.

RESULTS: All patients demonstrated significant functional improvement. ODI improved from 66.8 ± 7.1 to 37.3 ± 5.1 (p < 0.001), VAS for low back pain from 8.3 ± 1.5 to 2.7 ± 0.5 (p < 0.001), and VAS for leg pain from 4.5 ± 1.7 to 1.2 ± 0.6 (p < 0.001). Among sagittal parameters, significant improvements were observed in thoracic kyphosis (p = 0.006), sagittal vertical axis (p = 0.010), and PI-LL mismatch (p = 0.032). Changes in pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, lumbar lordosis, and sacral slope were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS: In situ delta fixation with neural decompression offers substantial clinical benefit in elderly osteoporotic patients with high-grade L5-S1 spondylolisthesis. Functional recovery occurred despite limited changes in local spinopelvic sagittal alignment, highlighting that global compensation and neural decompression may suffice for clinical improvement in this high-risk population.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV-Case series.

PMID:41455089 | DOI:10.1007/s43390-025-01260-3

Brain Inform. 2025 Dec 27. doi: 10.1186/s40708-025-00289-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), an irreversible blinding disease characterized by retinal ganglion cell damage and optic nerve atrophy, exerts significant effects on brain functional networks. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data from 34 PACG patients and 34 matched healthy controls (HCs), we extracted four types of connectivity features-voxel-wise static functional connectivity (FC), dynamic functional connectivity (dFC), effective connectivity (EC), and dynamic effective connectivity (dEC)-via the AAL90 (Automated Anatomical Labeling 90) atlas following preprocessing. Elastic net feature selection was applied independently to each connectivity type to retain the top 10% most discriminative features. We evaluated the classification performance of ten machine learning models using individual feature types as well as their combined features, with the FC-based logistic regression (LR) model achieving optimal diagnostic efficacy (accuracy = 0.92, AUC = 0.96). SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) of the model identified 20 critical connections, revealing abnormal patterns at both the region of interest (ROI)-level and network-level within brain networks such as the visual network (VSN), dorsal attention network (DAN), and sensorimotor network (SMN). Statistical group comparisons validated reduced connectivity (e.g., VSN-SMN, VSN-DAN) and enhanced DAN-thalamus connectivity in patients, while voxel-wise analyses of key regions confirmed diminished connectivity to visual areas. The results provide insights into how machine learning can be effectively employed to detect PACG-specific brain network disruptions and highlight potential neuroimaging biomarkers.

PMID:41455052 | DOI:10.1186/s40708-025-00289-4

J Assist Reprod Genet. 2025 Dec 27. doi: 10.1007/s10815-025-03786-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate how different forms of chromosomal imbalance affect human embryo morphokinetics, using a dataset of PGT-A tested embryos and a robust statistical framework that accounts for patient- and cycle-level variability.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 1303 embryos from 525 ICSI-PGT-A cycles from a single centre. Embryos were categorized by aneuploidy type as euploid, single, double, or complex (≥ 3) and further subtyped by chromosomal configuration. Developmental timings were extracted from time-lapse monitoring and compared using linear mixed-effects models with random intercepts for patient and treatment cycle. Estimated marginal means and pairwise contrasts were calculated for each morphokinetic parameter (tPB2 to tEB) and key developmental intervals (tSC → tB, tM → tEB).

RESULTS: Morphokinetic behavior varied according to chromosomal load and aneuploidy type. Single aneuploidies, particularly monosomies, showed a biphasic delay pattern, with subtle slowing during early cleavage (tPNf-t2) and more pronounced divergence during blastulation (tSB-tEB). Double aneuploidies demonstrated partial early compensation followed by late-stage deceleration, suggesting non-additive or adaptive effects. Complex aneuploidies, and especially complex mosaic embryos, exhibited global and cumulative delays across nearly all stages, reflecting a progressive loss of developmental synchrony with increasing genomic imbalance.

CONCLUSION: These findings support a dosage-dependent model of developmental disruption, in which the severity and timing of morphokinetic delay correlate with aneuploidy complexity in a stage-specific and non-linear manner. While not diagnostic on their own, time-lapse imaging may contribute to ploidy risk assessment and help identify embryos that could benefit from biopsy and further evaluation through PGT-A, particularly when integrated with clinical, biomarker, and genomic information.

PMID:41455046 | DOI:10.1007/s10815-025-03786-x

J Appl Genet. 2025 Dec 27. doi: 10.1007/s13353-025-01037-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to apply DArTseq technology to analyze T. spelta L. (spelt wheat) genotypes in order to eliminate duplicates in the gene bank and ensure the high quality and purity of the stored material. The research included the analysis of genetic similarity, the construction of dendrograms, and association mapping, which enabled the identification of specific molecular diagnostic markers for spelt wheat. Spelt is an ancient cereal species gaining popularity, especially in organic farming. It is characterized by natural resistance to biotic factors and tolerance to environmental stress. Spelt is a valuable material in plant resistance breeding aimed at developing varieties resistant to diseases and well adapted to unfavourable environmental conditions. In this study, molecular characterization of 27 spelt genotypes was carried out using high-throughput DArTseq technology, enabling simultaneous analysis of SilicoDArT and SNP markers. A total of 96,136 markers were identified, of which 16,712 met the quality criteria and were used for genetic similarity and association mapping. Based on similarity coefficients, a dendrogram was created, distinguishing four main genotype groups. Association mapping revealed over 2,600 markers significantly associated with the virulence level of the B. graminis f. sp. tritici pathogen. Particular attention was paid to SilicoDArT 7,492,586 and SNP 1,126,088 markers, showing significant associations with plant response to three of the five analyzed isolates. Chromosomal regions (1D, 3D, 5B, 6 A) associated with resistance were also identified, confirming the polygenic nature of this trait. Results indicate high genetic variability of the analyzed material and the usefulness of DArTseq technology in identifying markers for resistance breeding. The presented markers can be used in marker-assisted breeding programs, especially considering the growing interest in spelt as a cereal for organic farming. These findings provide a valuable basis for further improvement of spelt resistance and sustainable cereal breeding.

PMID:41455027 | DOI:10.1007/s13353-025-01037-4

Musculoskelet Surg. 2025 Dec 27. doi: 10.1007/s12306-025-00939-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) and scaphoid non-union advanced collapse (SNAC) are well-recognised degenerative wrist conditions. Debate persists over optimal treatment, particularly since 4 corner fusion (4CF) emerged in the 1980s. Reviews have compared the outcomes of 4CF and PRC; however, none of these have looked at whether the initial diagnosis determines the final outcome. This systematic review hypothesises that the outcome of PRC and 4CF for the treatment of stage 2 and 3 SNAC and SLAC varies depending on the initial diagnosis. Searches of PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane database using the terms ‘SNAC’ and ‘SLAC’ were performed. Studies were excluded based on results recorded, study nature and whether results were separated according to the initial diagnosis. Studies were assimilated using weighted averages and further analysed using Microsoft Excel and GraphPad Prism software. A total of 3320 studies were identified; however, only 6 studies (8 study arms) were included. Of these, 7 study arms recorded pre- and post-operative range of movement data, 4 with pre- and post-operative disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) scores and 5 with pre- and post-operative Visual Analogue Score (VAS) pain scores. There was no statistical difference in these outcome measures with a mean follow-up of 62 months (38-120). This review found no significant difference in the outcomes of these procedures; however, there is a high level of uncertainty. Further studies should focus on reporting data by procedure as well as initial diagnosis with appropriate power calculations and should be designed as prospective randomised control trials.

PMID:41455026 | DOI:10.1007/s12306-025-00939-0

Neuroinformatics. 2025 Dec 27;24(1):2. doi: 10.1007/s12021-025-09761-2.

ABSTRACT

Accurate classification of neuronal cell types is essential for understanding brain organization, but multimodal neuron datasets are scarce and strongly imbalanced across subclasses. We present a benchmark of synthetic data augmentation methods for predicting electrophysiology-defined neuronal classes (e-types) in the Allen Cell Types mouse visual cortex dataset. Two supervised tasks were evaluated over the same 17 e-type labels: prediction from electrophysiology features alone (E→e-type) and prediction from combined morphology plus electrophysiology features (M + E→e-type). We established real-data baselines across multiple classifier families under a unified preprocessing pipeline, then augmented only the training sets using matched per-class grids with Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) and deep generative models: Variational Autoencoders (VAE), Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), masked autoregressive normalizing flows, and Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPM). Augmentation produced substantial generalization gains when applied in the native high-dimensional feature space, whereas introducing dimensionality reduction largely suppressed these benefits. SMOTE delivered the most robust and consistent improvements across tasks and augmentation levels. To assess biological realism, we introduced a fidelity framework combining feature-wise distribution comparisons, statistical concordance tests, and distance-based measures that compare synthetic-to-real variability against the natural variability between real classes. Most synthetic datasets stayed within biological diversity bounds, with deviations concentrated in the rarest subclasses. These results provide practical guidance on selecting and validating synthetic augmentation for neuronal subtype classification.

PMID:41455019 | DOI:10.1007/s12021-025-09761-2

Cancer Causes Control. 2025 Dec 27;37(1):14. doi: 10.1007/s10552-025-02082-4.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: While increasing colorectal cancer (CRC) screening uptake is a major public health goal, it remains unclear whether screening rates consistently translate to high earlier-stage diagnosis at the community level. This study examined the relationship between screening and early stage CRC diagnosis, identifying barriers that may disrupt this pathway.

METHODS: We used census-tract-level data on CRC patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 in the Ohio Cancer Incidence Surveillance System, linked to community-level screening estimates from CDC PLACES (2018). Census tracts were grouped into sociodemographically similar communities using the Max-p regionalization method. We applied geographic weighted regression (GWR) to assess spatial variation in the screening-early diagnosis relationship and used the Variable Selection Using Random Forest (VSURF) algorithm to identify key predictors of early stage diagnosis. Linear regression models evaluated associations between predictors, screening, and early stage diagnosis.

RESULTS: 2,952 census tracts were aggregated into 869 communities for analysis. Higher screening rates were not consistently associated with early stage diagnosis, as revealed by GWR, which showed significant regional variation. VSURF identified structural factors, rather than screening uptake, as top predictors of early stage diagnosis. In multivariable models, uninsurance (β – 0.29) and public transportation dependence (β – 0.31) were associated with lower early stage diagnosis, while the screening rate was not independently associated.

CONCLUSIONS: Structural barriers may disrupt the screening-to-diagnosis pathway at the community level. Our findings underscore the importance of investing in follow-up infrastructure, including navigation and transportation, to ensure that screening achieves its goal of early detection.

PMID:41455016 | DOI:10.1007/s10552-025-02082-4

Cancer Causes Control. 2025 Dec 27;37(1):9. doi: 10.1007/s10552-025-02107-y.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Secondary malignant neoplasms of the retroperitoneum and peritoneum (SMNRP) indicate advanced disease and poor prognosis, yet their population-level mortality patterns remain underexplored. This study analyzed national trends and disparities in SMNRP-related mortality among US adults, forecasted future trends, and examined age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates (AAIRs and AAMRs) for the 10 primary cancers most frequently associated with SMNRP.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study used data from CDC WONDER (1999-2022) and US Cancer Statistics. We assessed temporal trends in SMNRP-related (ICD-10: C78.6) mortality in US adults aged ≥ 65, stratified by demographics, primary site of malignancy, and geography. AAMRs, AAIRs, and crude mortality rates (CMRs) were calculated per 100,000 population. Trends were analyzed using the Joinpoint Regression Program to estimate annual and average annual percent changes (APC and AAPC). Future trends were projected through 2035 using ETS and ARIMA models.

RESULTS: SMNRP-related AAMRs increased significantly from 1999 to 2022, rising from 3.3 to 12.4 per 100,000 (AAPC = 5.86%, 95% CI 5.56-6.29). Of the 61,583 deaths, 66.1% were females, with higher AAPCs (6.14%, 95% CI 5.93-6.35) than males (5.37%, 95% CI 4.75-6.15). Stratification by primary cancer site showed ovarian (12.9%) and colon (11.6%) cancers as the leading causes of death. AAIRs and cancer-specific AAMRs (irrespective of SMNRP) declined for most cancers. All racial groups showed ≥ threefold increases in AAMR, with Non-Hispanic Whites having the highest AAPC (6.00%, 95% CI 5.60-6.42). The 85 + age group had the highest CMRs. Regionally, the West showed the steepest increase. Urban areas consistently had higher AAMRs. Forecasting models projected AAMRs to reach ~ 24.5 per 100,000 by 2035.

CONCLUSION: SMNRP-related mortality has increased substantially among older US adults. As primary cancer outcomes improve, longer survival increases the risk of metastatic recurrence and progression. Enhanced detection, surveillance, and management are needed.

PMID:41455012 | DOI:10.1007/s10552-025-02107-y