Category: Nevin Manimala

J Psychopathol Clin Sci. 2026 Jan;135(1):136-157. doi: 10.1037/abn0001050.

ABSTRACT

Since the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, and the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases introduced dimensional assessment of personality functioning (PF), PF impairments have been linked to transdiagnostic mental-health risk factors. Using ecological momentary assessment data from 16,038 mental health app users, we tested whether baseline PF impairment, affect-event dynamics, and depression predict future PF impairment and depression severity, hypothesizing a central role of PF. In the first month, users completed 69.3 mood (range 31-142) and 63.3 event assessments (25-133) on average. Dynamic structural equation models linked baseline depression to lower concurrent and cross-lagged mood-positive event links, lower inertia, and reduced likelihood of positive events. In contrast, baseline PF impairment related to persistence, emotional impact, and volatility of interpersonal conflict and greater mood instability. Over 1-year follow-up (N = 1,464, M = 1,236 assessments per user), future PF impairment and depression were predicted by weaker concurrent mood-positive event links, lower volatility of positive events, and baseline average mood/events. Among affect-event dynamics, cross-lagged effects of interpersonal conflicts on mood explained the highest unique variance in future PF impairment (ΔR2 = 5.9%). Baseline PF showed the strongest overall predictive utility (ΔR2 = 19.5%), followed by baseline depression (ΔR2 = 11.9%); PF explained more variance in future depression than vice versa. PF assessment may inform duration, goals, and strategies of treatments beyond those focused on personality disorders. Results are interpreted considering limitations, particularly the single-method design. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:41411045 | DOI:10.1037/abn0001050

Environ Sci Technol. 2025 Dec 18. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.4c13918. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

There is increasing interest in addressing measurement error in gridded exposure estimates. Here, we provide a framework to account for exposure measurement error in gridded air pollution estimates used for health effects estimation, i.e., when numerical air quality models or satellite-derived data are the principal source of exposure data. We employed a two-stage Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework consisting of an exposure measurement error model and a health model, linking the unobserved true ambient exposure at the residential address for each participant in the cohort to health outcomes. In sensitivity analysis, we considered different health models, spatial smoothing parameters, and spatial resolutions (1.33 and 4 km grid cells) for observation-fused CMAQ output. In an example application, comparison of gridded observation-fused CMAQ estimates and spatially smoothed observation-fused CMAQ estimates by leave-one-out cross-validation at monitoring stations indicated that prediction accuracy at those locations is comparable between the 1.33 km resolution gridded estimates and the smoothed estimates, while the spatially smoothed estimates slightly outperform the 4 km resolution gridded estimates. Accounting for exposure measurement error also resulted in somewhat greater PM_2.5 health effect estimates on continuous neuroimaging outcomes and smaller health effect estimates on binary cardiovascular outcomes, although overall conclusions remained similar.

PMID:41411036 | DOI:10.1021/acs.est.4c13918

Psychol Trauma. 2025 Dec 18. doi: 10.1037/tra0002077. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Although sexual minority women (SMW) veterans are disproportionately impacted by military sexual trauma and its negative consequences, little research has examined effective treatments in this population. This secondary analysis aims to address this gap by reporting outcomes of SMW veterans participating in a clinical trial of skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation (STAIR) compared with present-centered therapy (PCT) for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder.

METHOD: Women veterans who experienced military sexual trauma (N = 161) were randomly assigned to individual STAIR or PCT. Forty-two participants were SMW (M_age = 45.45, SD = 14.05; 69.0% White) and 119 were heterosexual (M_age = 44.19, SD = 12.53; 54.6% White). Participants completed baseline, posttreatment, and follow-up assessments that included self-report measures of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (Posttraumatic Stress Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition), social support (Interpersonal Support Evaluation List), emotion regulation (Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale), posttraumatic maladaptive beliefs (Posttraumatic Maladaptive Beliefs Scale), depression symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory, Revised), and working alliance (Working Alliance Inventory-Patient Version). Independent samples t tests and piecewise mixed-effects regression models were conducted to evaluate SMW veterans’ outcomes.

RESULTS: Both groups (sexual minority and heterosexual women) improved on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. SMW started off with comparable symptoms to heterosexual women but improved more on emotion regulation (p = .002), maladaptive beliefs (p = .002), and depression symptoms (p = .002) than heterosexual participants. Regardless of sexual orientation, participants had greater benefits in STAIR. Therapeutic alliance and treatment satisfaction were high in both STAIR and PCT with no difference between groups.

CONCLUSIONS: SMW veterans may particularly benefit from therapies that focus on emotion regulation, interpersonal skills, and/or provide strategies that address day-to-day stressors (e.g., STAIR, PCT). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:41411035 | DOI:10.1037/tra0002077

J Med Microbiol. 2025 Dec;74(12). doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.002106.

ABSTRACT

Introduction. Fungal keratitis, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, poses significant therapeutic challenges due to biofilm formation by fungal pathogens. These biofilms confer increased resistance to antifungal treatments and are associated with poorer clinical outcomes.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Despite growing recognition of their impact, there remains a lack of comprehensive synthesis on the role of fungal biofilms in corneal ulcers.Aim. This study aims to determine the impact of and how biofilm formation influences the chronicity and treatment outcomes in fungal corneal ulcers.Methodology. A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and the Cochrane Library in April 2025. Only English articles were included, and animal studies were excluded. Eligible studies included clinical and in vitro investigations that assessed biofilm formation in fungal corneal ulcers and its impact on antifungal susceptibility and treatment outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 guidelines and registered under PROSPERO (an international systematic review registry, ID:CRD420251017502). Independent data extraction was done by two reviewers. Data on MICs were synthesized using random-effects models, and heterogeneity was assessed with I² statistics and Cochran’s Q test. Clinical outcomes were analysed narratively due to reporting variability.Results. Seven studies were included, spanning Brazil, India, China and Mexico, and covering both in vitro and clinical designs. Meta-analysis showed significantly increased MIC values for biofilm-forming fungal isolates: amphotericin B [pooled log_₂ fold change=5.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.92-7.70], voriconazole (6.06; 95% CI: 2.25-9.87) and natamycin (1.25; 95% CI: 0.48-2.02). High heterogeneity was noted for amphotericin B and voriconazole, while results for natamycin were consistent. Narrative synthesis of clinical data indicated that biofilm formation is associated with prolonged healing times, increased recurrence rates, reduced visual acuity and higher complication risks.Conclusion. Biofilm formation by fungal pathogens significantly reduces antifungal susceptibility and worsens clinical outcomes in fungal keratitis. Elevated MIC, delayed healing and increased rates of complications emphasize the need for targeted biofilm-disrupting therapies and standardized diagnostic protocols. Future research should focus on developing clinical strategies that integrate biofilm assessment to improve patient outcomes.

PMID:41411030 | DOI:10.1099/jmm.0.002106

Rehabil Psychol. 2025 Dec 18. doi: 10.1037/rep0000644. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Examine the moderating effect of preinjury attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and secondary ADHD on response to a family-based problem solving (FBPS) intervention following pediatric traumatic brain injury.

METHOD: Analyses included 233 participants (114 FBPS and 119 internet resource comparison group), aged 11-18 who had been hospitalized for a moderate-severe traumatic brain injury within the previous 18 months. Parents completed measures of child functioning and their own functioning at time of enrollment, 6-, 12-, and 18-month follow-ups. Linear mixed models examined the moderating effect of ADHD status on the effect of treatment over time.

RESULTS: Main effect of ADHD status was significant for executive functioning, F(2, 429) = 55.15, p < .0001; social competence, F(2, 421) = 22.94, p < .0001; parental depression, F(2, 420) = 4.83, p = .0085; and parental distress, F(2, 413) = 6.35, p = .0019. Consistently, those with ADHD demonstrated worse outcomes than those without ADHD. ADHD status moderated the effect of FBPS on functional impairment, F(6, 430) = 5.16, p < .0001. Among those who received FBPS, those without ADHD demonstrated the expected improvement in functional outcomes over time. The secondary ADHD group had a delayed improvement in outcomes, not present until the 18-month follow-up. The preinjury attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder group showed no change in outcomes over time.

CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS: ADHD status had a significant effect on adolescent and parent outcomes and moderated the effect of FBPS on functional outcomes. Findings highlight the importance of identifying children with preinjury ADHD as well as new onset ADHD symptoms after injury to guide intervention delivery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:41411026 | DOI:10.1037/rep0000644

J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2025 Dec 18:nlaf127. doi: 10.1093/jnen/nlaf127. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection in mice has been used to study diverse neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. In this investigation, 5 strains of collaborative cross (CC) mice were infected with TMEV and examined clinically and histologically at days 4, 14, and 90 post-infection (dpi). All CC strains tested exhibited lumbar spinal cord and/or ventral peripheral nerve lesions by 14 dpi; CC027, CC023, and CC078 strains exhibited lesions at 4 dpi. At 90 dpi, lesions were remnants of the inflammatory responses associated with earlier infection; there was skeletal muscle atrophy in the CC023 strain. Increased microglial/macrophage reactivity was observed in all strains at 4 and 14 dpi, but not at 90 dpi. TMEV mRNA expression was greatest in the CC023 and CC078 strains at the acute timepoints; TMEV was completely cleared in all mice at 90 dpi. The neuropathological and clinical profiles in CC023 mice, mainly at 14 dpi, share some clinical and histologic features with those in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. This work demonstrates how viral infection might interact with the genetic background of a susceptible individual to contribute to the onset, clinical presentation and persistence of lesions despite viral clearance.

PMID:41411011 | DOI:10.1093/jnen/nlaf127

Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2025 Sep 26;29(10):441-446. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.25.0104.

ABSTRACT

<sec><title>BACKGROUND</title>Safety-net health systems and public health have a unique opportunity to collaborate and address Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) in the United States (US).</sec><sec><title>METHODS</title>At a large academic safety-net health system in the US, from July 2013 to July 2015, we implemented a novel electronic health record (EHR) alert for physicians to identify, counsel, and order interferon-γ release assay screening tests for PEH potentially exposed to MTB in homeless shelters. Retrospectively, we collected socio-demographic, clinical, and genotyping data for all patients diagnosed with MTB disease from 2008 to 2017 and performed data analysis.</sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title>The EHR alert flagged 2,118 of 8,649 (24.5%) individuals; 1,117 (52.7%) were screened for MTB, and 313 (28%) tested positive. MTB disease was diagnosed in 531 patients from 2008 to 2017, of which 37 were among the potentially exposed 8,649 PEH. Housing instability was identified in 135 (25.4%) TB patients. Three genotypes were predominant: G10508 (56, 14.2%), G01521 (23, 5.8%), and G10509 (19, 4.8%).</sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title>A novel EHR alert was useful in identifying and increasing testing among potentially TB-exposed PEH. Housing instability and genotypic clustering were prominent among patients with MTB diagnosis.</sec>.

PMID:41410994 | DOI:10.5588/ijtld.25.0104

Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2025 Sep 26;29(10):473-475. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.25.0225.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41410991 | DOI:10.5588/ijtld.25.0225

Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2025 Dec 18;51(1):358. doi: 10.1007/s00068-025-03044-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Suturing techniques play a crucial role in wound healing and the overall outcome of surgical procedures. The debate between the effectiveness of interrupted versus continuous suturing techniques remains unresolved. This study aims to compare the outcomes of these two suturing methods in terms of Burst Abdomen in patients undergoing emergency exploratory laparotomy, with a focus on personalized surgical strategies.

METHODS: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Department of General Surgery BPS GMC Khanpur. Ninety patients requiring emergency midline laparotomy were randomized into two groups: Group A (Interrupted Closure) and Group B (Continuous Closure). The rectus sheath was closed using No. 1 Prolene suture, either interrupted or continuous. The primary outcome was the incidence of wound dehiscence, with secondary outcomes including closure time and patient demographics.

RESULTS: The overall incidence of burst abdomen was higher in the continuous group (14.4%) compared to the interrupted group (6.7%), though this was not statistically significant (p = 0.071). The time taken for rectus closure was significantly longer in the interrupted group (mean 28.36 min) compared to the continuous group (mean 17.31 min, p < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis revealed a significantly lower incidence of burst abdomen in patients with tubercular perforation peritonitis in the interrupted group (7.7%) compared to the continuous group (57.1%, p = 0.01).

CONCLUSION: The Study showed that interrupted closure technique showed a lower incidence of burst abdomen and preferred in tubercular perforation peritonitis although it requires more time for closure.

PMID:41410943 | DOI:10.1007/s00068-025-03044-w

Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2025 Dec 18;51(1):360. doi: 10.1007/s00068-025-03035-x.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy, precision and the rate of correct screw size selection of the ADEPTH^® automatic sensor to that of a manual depth gauge (DG) when measuring drill hole depths on human cadaveric bones.

METHODS: The depths of holes, drilled in the femur, tibia and bilateral radii of a Thiel embalmed human cadaver, were measured with both the ADEPTH and a DG. Depths measured on a high resolution computed tomography (CT) scan served as a reference for the ADEPTH and the DG measurements. Errors and variances of the errors of the ADEPTH and DG measurements, compared to the CT measurements, were analyzed to assess the accuracy and precision, respectively. Additionally, the proportion of correct screw size selection of both the DG and ADEPTH system were established based on the agreement with the CT measurements.

RESULTS: The ADEPTH showed a smaller mean absolute error (0.72 mm [0.62, 0.83]) compared to the DG measurements (0.88 mm [0.75, 1.02]), yet the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.098). The ADEPTH showed higher precision compared to the DG measurements. The ADEPTH measurements showed a significantly higher agreement with the CT (68%) as compared to the DG measurements (52%) (p = 0.03).

CONCLUSION: The ADEPTH automatic sensor system has a comparable accuracy and higher precision than the conventional depth gauge (DG), translating into a higher rate of accurately selected screw sizes. Further clinical studies should be performed to investigate the employability and benefit of the ADEPTH in a clinical setting.

PMID:41410936 | DOI:10.1007/s00068-025-03035-x