Category: Nevin Manimala

BMC Biotechnol. 2026 Jan 7. doi: 10.1186/s12896-025-01093-y. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41501758 | DOI:10.1186/s12896-025-01093-y

BMC Med Educ. 2026 Jan 7. doi: 10.1186/s12909-026-08567-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional anatomy is essential for clinical imaging interpretation, yet many medical curricula lack systematic training for clinical students. This study assessed needs among resident physicians and proposed a collaborative education framework.

METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 130 resident physicians from Zhejiang University-affiliated hospitals (June-August 2025) evaluated knowledge gaps, clinical challenges, and preferences using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression.

RESULTS: Of 130 respondents (53% female, 58% aged 26-30), 74% reported no formal cross-sectional anatomy training, despite 88% citing high clinical needs. Top challenges included anatomical positioning (45%), with surgery residents showing greatest urgency (95%). Preferences favored clinical-basic science collaboration (64% “very important”), blended online-offline formats (57%), and 3D imaging (71%).

CONCLUSIONS: Significant educational gaps persist in cross-sectional anatomy, underscoring the need for collaborative models integrating clinical cases and technology. This framework can guide curriculum reforms to enhance imaging competency and patient safety in global medical education.

PMID:41501742 | DOI:10.1186/s12909-026-08567-3

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2026 Jan 7. doi: 10.1186/s12884-026-08633-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Surgical site infection continues to be among the most serious postoperative complications of cesarean delivery, leading to maternal morbidity and additional healthcare cost. Despite the rising trend of cesarean deliveries, evidence on the magnitude and risk factors of surgical site infection in local hospitals in Ethiopia remains limited. This study aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of surgical site infection among women who underwent cesarean delivery at Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

METHODS: An institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from 25 August to 15 September 2025 among women who underwent cesarean delivery at Gandhi Memorial Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia between 1 May 2023 and 30 April 2025. A total of 485 medical records were selected using a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected from women’s medical records via a structured checklist and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Statistical significance was declared at a p- value < 0.05 with a 95% CI.

RESULTS: Among the reviewed records, 31 (6.4%; 95% CI: 4.49-8.36) women developed surgical site infection. Repeated digital vaginal examination (AOR = 2.44 (1.41, 5.19) increases the risk of bacterial introduction; delayed timing of prophylactic antibiotic (AOR = 2.32 (1.23, 4.29) reduces protective coverage at the time of incision; absence of vaginal cleansing right before surgery (AOR = 3.75 (1.26, 11.17) likely increases bacterial load and postoperative hemoglobin level < 11 g/dl (AOR = 5.16 (1.76, 11.19)) may reduce immune capacity. All were significantly associated with surgical site infection.

CONCLUSION: This study found lower surgical site infection rates compared to previous Ethiopian studies; however, it remains a critical postoperative concern. Reducing frequent digital vaginal examinations, ensuring timely prophylactic antibiotics, promoting preoperative vaginal cleansing, and maintaining adequate maternal hemoglobin levels are critical to further reduce the risk of SSI. The retrospective nature of the study limits assessment of some factors, including operating room conditions.

PMID:41501740 | DOI:10.1186/s12884-026-08633-0

BMC Urol. 2026 Jan 7. doi: 10.1186/s12894-025-02035-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This randomized controlled trial evaluated the clinical efficacy of super-lubricous Foley catheters in reducing urethral complications during indwelling catheterization. Focusing on addressing friction-induced injuries, the study assessed four outcomes: 1) urethral adverse reactions; 2) urethral trauma and inflammatory responses; 3) patient comfort; and 4) post-removal voiding symptoms.

METHODS: A total of 114 patients from a tertiary hospital (December 2023-June 2024) were randomly allocated into two arms: 57 individuals in the experimental arm were treated with super-lubricous Foley catheters, whereas the same number in the control arm received conventional catheters. Primary outcomes included bladder irritation and urethral pain. Secondary outcomes encompassed urethral injury (red blood cells and epithelial cells), inflammation (white blood cells), comfort metrics (activity restriction, sleep disturbance, anxiety), and voiding parameters (dysuria, urinary hesitation, incomplete bladder emptying and lower abdominal pain).

RESULTS: The baseline data revealed no statistically meaningful differences between the two groups. (all P > 0.05). The experimental group demonstrated significantly lower overall rates of bladder irritation (31.6% vs. 50.9%, P < 0.05) and urethral pain during catheterization (14.0% vs. 31.6%, P < 0.05). Notably, urinary epithelial cells (median 6 vs. 13.5/HP) and leukocytes (31 vs. 81/μL) were reduced in the experimental group (P < 0.05). Activity restriction rates decreased significantly (42.1% vs. 68.4%, P < 0.05), and first void volume improved (200 vs. 150 mL, P < 0.05). There were no meaningful differences between groups in the occurrence of the four urination-related symptoms-including dysuria, urinary hesitation, incomplete bladder emptying, and lower abdominal pain (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Super-lubricous Foley catheters effectively mitigate bladder irritation, urethral trauma, and inflammation while enhancing patient mobility. However, they show limited efficacy in alleviating post-removal voiding dysfunction. These findings support the clinical adoption of super-lubricous Foley catheters for reducing catheterization-related complications.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was a randomized controlled trial registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300078483, https://www.chictr.org.cn/) on 11 December 2023.

PMID:41501738 | DOI:10.1186/s12894-025-02035-8

BMC Oral Health. 2026 Jan 7. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-07589-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Oral cancer remains a major global health concern with low survival in late stages. In Palestine, the burden is amplified by delayed detection and limited healthcare resources, yet public awareness has never been assessed. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge and awareness of oral cancer risk factors, symptoms, and preventive measures among Palestinian adults.

METHODS: A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted between May and August 2025 using an anonymous bilingual (Arabic/English) questionnaire adapted from a validated Middle East-North Africa tool. Palestinian adults aged ≥ 18 years were eligible, excluding health-related professionals and students. Snowball sampling via social media produced 753 valid responses. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression to identify predictors of good knowledge (≥ 4 correct responses per domain).

RESULTS: Participants were predominantly female (66.3%) and university educated (72.6%). Overall, 46.7% demonstrated good knowledge of risk factors, 32.5% of symptoms, and 53.7% of protective measures. Awareness was highest for tobacco (79.2%) and lowest for HPV infection (38.5%) and alcohol-containing mouthwash (34.1%). Females and university graduates consistently showed better knowledge across all domains (p < 0.001). Current smokers had significantly poorer awareness of risk and protective factors (p < 0.001). Logistic regression identified female gender (OR = 1.59-1.65) and university education (OR = 2.22) as independent predictors of higher knowledge, while current smoking predicted lower protective awareness (OR = 0.65). Receiving oral cancer education from a dentist was the strongest predictor of good knowledge across all domains (risk factors OR = 3.79; symptoms OR = 2.16; protective measures OR = 1.95; all p < 0.01).

CONCLUSION: The surveyed Palestinian sample demonstrated limited awareness of oral cancer, especially regarding symptoms and less-recognized risk factors. Dentist-led education markedly improves knowledge, suggesting that integrating standardized awareness materials into routine dental visits and community campaigns could strengthen early detection and national prevention efforts.

PMID:41501724 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-07589-5

BMC Psychiatry. 2026 Jan 7. doi: 10.1186/s12888-025-07767-3. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41501723 | DOI:10.1186/s12888-025-07767-3

BMC Public Health. 2026 Jan 7. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-25902-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) comprises individuals’ perceived health status, including physical, psychological and social well-being. Investigating aspects that put adolescents at a good quality of life is important for designing public health efforts to promote their health. This study examined the associations between sports participation and HRQoL among adolescents in Witten, Germany.

METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2021 to February 2022. Tenth-grade students from nine secondary schools in Witten, who were at least 15 years old, were included (n = 649). Data were collected using a self-report written questionnaire. Sports participation was defined as participation in any sports outside of school. Performance-based sport types, such as individual- and team-based sports were also explored. HRQoL (KIDSCREEN-27) was characterized as subjective perceptions of five multidimensional constructs: (1) physical and (2) psychological well-being, (3) parent relations and autonomy (4) social support and peers and (5) school environment. T-values across five dimensions were used to assess HRQoL, with higher values indicating better HRQoL. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Multiple linear regression between sport participation and HRQoL, as well as performance-based sport types and HRQoL adjusted for covariates, were performed. Analyses were adjusted for gender, age, Body Mass Index, subjective socio-economic status, migration background and frequency of physical activity.

RESULTS: Data from 561 participants were included in the analysis. Students who participated in sports showed better physical well-being than adolescents who where inactive in sports (difference (B) = 4.92 (p < 0.001)). Joining all types of sports was significantly associated with better physical well-being than being sport inactive, but individual- and team-based sports showed the highest increase (difference (B) individual-based sports = 3.52 (p < 0.001), difference (B) team-based sports = 6.14 (p < 0.001), difference (B) individual- and team-based sports altogether = 9.06 (p < 0.001)). Engaging in individual-based sports alone was associated with poorer parent relations and autonomy (difference (B) = -2.40, (p = 0.048)).

CONCLUSION: This is the first study to investigate the association between sports participation and HRQoL among adolescents in Witten, Germany. Engagement in sports was positively associated with physical well-being. Participations in individual and team sports outside school could be valuable for adolescents to improve physical activity.

PMID:41501714 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-25902-3

BMC Oral Health. 2026 Jan 8. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-07634-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: With the rapid advancement of digital technologies, digital intraoral scanning offers potential advantages for post-and-core impressions. However, its accuracy in relation to the complete spectrum of clinically relevant post space diameters, particularly smaller conservative preparations, requires comprehensive evaluation. This in vitro study aimed to systematically assess the accuracy of direct digital impressions compared to conventional impressions across four diameters and varying depths.

METHODS: Forty extracted single-rooted teeth were divided into four groups (n = 10/group) based on post space diameter: 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mm. Each specimen was scanned using an intraoral scanner (TRIOS 5). Silicone impressions scanned with an extraoral scanner served as the reference. Root mean square (RMS) deviations were analyzed at four depths (1.65, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0 mm). Statistical analysis employed linear mixed-effects models.

RESULTS: The scanner completely failed to capture data for the 1.0 mm diameter at depths ≥ 7 mm and for the 1.5 mm diameter at 9 mm. A significant diameter-by-depth interaction was found (p < 0.001). For diameters ≥ 1.5 mm and depths ≤ 7 mm, accuracy was clinically acceptable. At the 9 mm depth, the 2.0 mm and diameter group showed significantly higher deviation and critically high variability (135.0 ± 79.5 μm, CV 59.0%), while the 2.5 mm group maintained superior and more reliable accuracy (41.4 ± 28.8 μm).

CONCLUSIONS: Direct intraoral scanning is a viable option for post spaces with a diameter ≥ 1.5 mm and depth ≤ 7 mm. Its application is strictly limited in narrow canals (≤ 1.5 mm). For deep preparations (9 mm), a minimum diameter of 2.0 mm allows data capture but with poor reliability, whereas a diameter ≥ 2.5 mm ensures acceptable and predictable accuracy. Clinical adoption requires careful consideration of these diameter- and depth-dependent performance boundaries.

PMID:41501705 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-07634-3

BMC Public Health. 2026 Jan 7. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-26034-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Changes in movement behaviors – physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and sleep patterns – across preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum are associated with maternal and child health but remain understudied. Longitudinal accelerometer-measured data, including weekday-weekend differences, are lacking. Understanding these patterns is essential for developing targeted interventions that account for lifestyle variations. We investigated longitudinal changes in PA, sedentary behavior, and sleep patterns throughout preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum using prospectively collected accelerometry data.

METHODS: In a Singapore prospective preconception cohort, women aged 18-45 wore an accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist for seven days during preconception (within one year of planned conception), mid-pregnancy (24-28 weeks), and 12-month postpartum. Valid data required measurements at all three or at least two consecutive timepoints (preconception-pregnancy or pregnancy-postpartum). Changes in PA (vigorous-, moderate-, and light-intensity), sedentary behavior, and sleep were analyzed using generalized estimating equations.

RESULTS: Among 139 women (mean age: 30.8 years), most were under/normal weight (61.9%), Chinese (83.5%), had undergraduate education (59.0%), were employed (88.5%), and nulliparous (65.5%). Moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA decreased from preconception to mid-pregnancy, with vigorous-intensity PA remaining low postpartum, while moderate-intensity PA rebounded (daily mean [95% confidence interval] vigorous: 4.1 [2.8-5.4)], 1.7 [0-4.2], and 1.8 [0-5.0] min/day; moderate: 88.2 [82.8-93.5], 68.7 [58.6-78.7], and 90.2 [77.7-102.7] min/day, respectively). Light-intensity PA remained consistent from preconception to mid-pregnancy but increased postpartum (301.5 [289.6-313.5], 298.3 [273.1-323.5], and 340.1 [305.9-374.5] min/day, respectively). Sedentary behavior rose mid-pregnancy but decreased postpartum (618.2 [603.4-633.1], 639.6 [607.6-671.5], and 597.1 [553.5-640.7] min/day, respectively). Sleep duration remained stable from preconception to mid-pregnancy until postpartum, when it decreased (428.9 [420.6-437.3], 432.2 [412.2-452.1], and 408.4 [387.2-429.6] min/day, respectively). Moderate-/vigorous-intensity PA showed no weekday/weekend differences (daily percentage range, moderate: 4.7-6.6%; vigorous: 0.1-0.3%). Women engaged in less light-intensity PA on weekdays during mid-pregnancy and postpartum (weekdays: 20.5-23.2% versus weekends: 21.3-24.8%). Weekends showed lower sedentary behavior (weekdays: 42.5-45.4% versus weekends: 38.5-42.1%) and longer sleep duration (weekdays: 27.8-29.3% versus weekends: 29.8-32.0%) across all timepoints.

CONCLUSIONS: Sustained moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA from preconception through postpartum should be promoted, particularly vigorous-intensity PA recovery postpartum. Light-intensity PA, which increased postpartum, could be leveraged to reduce sedentary behavior, especially on weekdays. Given postpartum sleep decline, strategies to support maternal sleep, particularly on weekdays, are needed.

CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03531658 (registered May 22, 2018).

PMID:41501702 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-26034-4