Category: Nevin Manimala

Food Nutr Res. 2026 May 7;70. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v70.12024. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Though a healthy diet is the most effective solution for obesity, it is hindered by two main barriers: difficulty in accessing or preparing healthy meals and lack of portion control knowledge.

OBJECTIVE: This study compared two different medical nutrition therapies (home-delivered diet meal service [HDMS] combined with dietary counseling and dietary counseling solely) in terms of anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters and eating behaviors in women with overweight or obesity who participated in a weight loss program.

DESIGN: A non-randomized, controlled, parallel-group intervention study was conducted with 60 women aged 25-45 years, having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 25-35 kg/m², representing individuals with overweight and class I obesity. Participants were divided into two groups: an intervention group receiving HDMS combined with dietary counseling (n = 30) and a control group receiving dietary counseling solely (n = 30). Anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and dietary and physical activity records were monitored throughout the 8-week intervention, while comprehensive assessments including biochemical parameters (fasting blood glucose, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile), resting metabolic rate (RMR) (FITMATE), and eating behaviors assessed using the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) were conducted at baseline, week 4, and week 8.

RESULTS: Both groups showed significant reductions over time in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, body fat percentage, RMR, blood glucose, lipid parameters, and blood pressure values (P < 0.001). Although greater reductions were observed in the HDMS group, the differences between groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). When considering the group-time interaction, changes in waist circumference (P < 0.001), hip circumference (P < 0.05), RMR (P < 0.05), fasting blood glucose (P < 0.05), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol (P < 0.05), and systolic blood pressure (P < 0.05) were found to be significant in the HDMS group. In addition, when examining eating behaviors, statistically significant changes were observed in the intervention group for both time effects and behavior outcomes. Uncontrolled eating and emotional eating behaviors decreased, while cognitive restraint increased (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Both interventions improved anthropometric and metabolic parameters, with greater reductions observed in the HDMS group; however, the differences between groups were not statistically significant. HDMS may be considered a practical approach to support weight management.

PMID:42571413 | PMC:PMC13452270 | DOI:10.29219/fnr.v70.12024

J Trop Med. 2026 Aug 7;2026:3012361. doi: 10.1155/jotm/3012361. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dengue has shifted from Dhaka-centric to nationwide in Bangladesh.

AIM: To quantify spatiotemporal patterns and identify high-risk clusters across all 64 districts from 2021 to 2025, and, extending previous reports with data from 2025, this study aims to observe an ongoing shift in per-capita risk hotspots.

METHODS: Retrospective ecological study of the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) aggregate yearly data on suspected and laboratory-confirmed dengue admissions (n = 637,626 cases). Incidence per 100,000 population was calculated using 2022 census projections with 1.12% annual growth. Global (Moran’s I) and local (Getis-Ord Gi∗) spatial autocorrelation and prospective space-time scan statistics (SaTScan) were applied.

RESULTS: National incidence: 76.4/100,000/year. 2025 rate-adjusted Moran’s I = 0.328 (p = 0.001). Raw-case hotspots: Greater Dhaka; population-adjusted hotspots: Jhalokathi, Barguna (coastal). High-rate space-time cluster (2024-2025): Dhaka, Manikganj (RR = 3.13, p = 0.001). Dhaka O/E = 4.31 (RR = 6.38). Two low-rate clusters (north, southeast).

CONCLUSION: Urban hyperendemicity, characterized by a high case volume, coupled with the emerging coastal per-capita risk, necessitates tailored interventions. Intensive vector control is essential in Dhaka, while early-warning surveillance should be implemented in coastal districts.

PMID:42571411 | PMC:PMC13451933 | DOI:10.1155/jotm/3012361

Arthroplast Today. 2026 Jul 30;40:102104. doi: 10.1016/j.artd.2026.102104. eCollection 2026 Aug.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) following total knee arthroplasty remains a serious complication. Although two-stage revision is considered the gold standard, predictors of failure remain unclear. This study aimed to identify factors associated with failure after two-stage revision for knee PJI using conventional statistics with exploratory machine-learning validation.

METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on 154 patients who underwent two-stage revision for knee PJI between 2018 and 2022 at a high-volume arthroplasty center. All patients completed a minimum 24-month follow-up (mean 36.3 ± 20.3 months). Treatment success and failure were defined using MSIS Tier-1 criteria. Independent predictors of failure were identified using multivariate logistic regression and Random Forest classification model.

RESULTS: Most infections were late in onset (91.6%), and 68.2% were culture-positive. Difficult-to-treat (DTT) organisms were identified in 22.1% of cases and were associated with significantly worse postoperative WOMAC, KSS, and OKS outcomes (all P < .001). Multivariate analysis identified DTT organisms (odds ratio 0.035, P < .001) and shorter time from index surgery to infection (odds ratio 1.033, P = .016) as independent predictors of failure. The random Forest model demonstrated an overall accuracy of 84.2% and identified DTT organisms, pre-revision C-reactive protein levels, and time from index surgery as the most influential variables contributing to classification performance. Most failures occurred within 30 months of reimplantation.

CONCLUSIONS: DTT organisms and shorter time from index surgery to infection were independent predictors of failure following two-stage revision for knee PJI. Exploratory machine-learning analysis identified similar predictor patterns and supports the importance of microbiological factors in determining outcomes.

PMID:42571409 | PMC:PMC13452174 | DOI:10.1016/j.artd.2026.102104

J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2026 Sep-Oct;16(5):101509. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.101509. Epub 2026 Jul 31.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) is widely used for mandibular advancement in patients with skeletal Class 2 malocclusion; however, long-term postoperative stability remains an important clinical concern.

PURPOSE: To evaluate long-term skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue stability following mandibular advancement with BSSO and rigid fixation.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 32 patients undergoing mandibular advancement with BSSO and rigid fixation. Cephalometric measurements were obtained at four time points: preoperative, immediate postoperative, 12 months, and long-term follow-up (>3 years). Changes were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

RESULTS: The mean mandibular advancement was 5.42 ± 1.71 mm. Immediately after surgery, significant skeletal correction was achieved, with increased SNB and decreased ANB (both p < 0.001), accompanied by significant improvements in occlusal and soft tissue profile measurements. Most skeletal and occlusal parameters remained stable during the first postoperative year and throughout long-term follow-up, with no statistically significant changes observed between one year and the final evaluation. Soft tissue remodeling continued during follow-up, whereas overall skeletal and dental stability was maintained.

CONCLUSION: Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy with rigid fixation effectively corrected skeletal Class 2 malocclusion and demonstrated favorable long-term skeletal, dental, and soft tissue stability.

PMID:42571381 | PMC:PMC13452201 | DOI:10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.101509

Plant Phenomics. 2026 Jun 19;8(3):100228. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphe.2026.100228. eCollection 2026 Sep.

ABSTRACT

Three dimensional (3D) instance segmentation is essential for precision characterization of tree architecture at the branch level, which supports both tree fruit crop breeding and the development of robotic systems for orchard management. Existing methods usually use sparse convolution-based operation, which requires a coordinate quantization preprocess to generate sparse tensors, risking the loss of geometric details for fine-grained downstream phenotyping tasks. To overcome this challenge, we developed the dynamic sparse point-voxel transformer (DSPVFormer) model for the efficient and accurate 3D instance segmentation of high-resolution point clouds for dormant apple trees. Our hybrid DSPVFormer architecture maximizes the use of raw point features by dynamically mapping and aggregating the raw point features into the sparse voxel embeddings, capturing strong geometric features that may be discarded during quantization. Evaluations demonstrate that DSPVFormer achieved statistically significant improvements over baseline models on most instance segmentation metrics, which are further translated into more accurate phenotyping evaluation including branch counting and pruning map generation. These advances directly benefit downstream applications in plant phenotyping and robotic pruning for tree crops such as apples. Meanwhile, experimental results on phenotyping tasks suggested that phenotyping-specific evaluation metrics should be prioritized over upstream computer vision performance metrics to realize the full potential of high-throughput phenotyping for real-world applications.

PMID:42571348 | PMC:PMC13452206 | DOI:10.1016/j.plaphe.2026.100228

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2026 Jul 23;20(1):102. doi: 10.1186/s13034-026-01115-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This German multicenter study aimed to analyze the efficacy of telephone-assisted self-help (TASH) and changes during subsequent adaptive treatment in children with mild-to-moderate ADHD.

METHODS: Participants were children (6;0-11;11 years) with mild-to-moderate ADHD. Study Step 1 comprised a randomized waitlist-controlled trial on the efficacy of three-month, parent-directed TASH. Depending on their response to TASH, in Step 2, children were assigned to booster TASH (full response), behavior therapy (partial response), or pharmacotherapy plus behavior therapy or counseling (non-response) for six months. The primary outcome was the change in blinded-clinician-rated ADHD symptoms; for subsequent changes (Step 2), we considered semi-blinded ratings. The primary analyses were by intention-to-treat.

RESULTS: Of the 163 included children (77.9% boys), 80 were randomized to TASH and 83 to the waitlist control group. Following TASH, 12 children (8.8%) were classified as full responders, 40 (29.2%) as partial responders, and 85 (62.0%) as non-responders. An analysis of covariance did not yield an effect of TASH on the primary outcome (mean between-group difference = 0.00 ± 0.07, 95% CI[- 0.14, 0.13]; p = 0.95; d = -0.01, 95% CI[- 0.37, 0.34]). During Step 2, full responders demonstrated a stable symptom level (piecewise mixed-effects model for repeated measures; d = – 0.07, 95% CI[- 0.61, 0.47], p = 0.80), partial responders a small increase in ADHD symptoms (d = 0.29, 95% CI[0.00, 0.59], p = 0.05), and non-responders a large decrease (d = – 1.00, 95% CI[- 1.27, – 0.73], p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: TASH is not effective in reducing blinded-clinician-rated ADHD symptoms in children with mild-to-moderate ADHD. Based on the changes within the response groups during Step 2, hypotheses are generated for adaptive treatment after TASH. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS): DRKS0000897; URL: https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00008973/details ; registered on December 18th 2015.

PMID:42571030 | DOI:10.1186/s13034-026-01115-3

BMC Med. 2026 Aug 6;24(1):426. doi: 10.1186/s12916-026-05131-0.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pain management is a core ethical principle in emergency medicine, yet gender-related differences in analgesic treatment have been reported. This study examines whether patient and emergency physician gender influence prehospital pain management.

METHODS: This retrospective observational cohort study included all primary helicopter emergency medical service missions conducted by DRF Stiftung Luftrettung in Germany between January 2012 and June 2025. Adult patients (≥ 18 years) with a Glasgow Coma Scale score ≥ 11 and without airway management were analyzed. Pain severity was assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Patient characteristics, analgesic treatment, and emergency physician gender were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee Freiburg (25-1272-S1, August 19th 2025).

RESULTS: A total of 106,888 cases was included, of which 38.5% were female and 61.5% male. Initial pain severity was comparable between genders, with a similar distribution across NRS categories. Despite this, women received analgesic treatment less frequently than men (62.0% vs. 66.9%; p < 0.001), whereas a greater effect is seen when particularly examining the use of opioid analgesics (50.0% vs. 57.1%; p < 0.001). This finding is consistent across all pain severity subgroups. Pain scores at patient handover were similar for women and men, indicating comparable pain levels at the end of prehospital care.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite comparable pain intensity, women received analgesic and opioid treatment less frequently than men in prehospital care, indicating potential gender-based inequalities in pain management. These findings underscore the need for strategies to ensure equitable analgesic treatment.

PMID:42571028 | DOI:10.1186/s12916-026-05131-0

Cardiovasc Diabetol Endocrinol Rep. 2026 Aug 9;12(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s40842-026-00327-y.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (Afib) and type 2 DM (T2DM) are common conditions associated with substantial cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, data on the burden of Afib among patients with T2DM in sub-Saharan Africa remain limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, clinical features, and factors associated with Afib among adults with T2DM at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital (HRRH), western Uganda.

METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 355 adults with T2DM attending HRRH. Participants underwent clinical evaluation, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) testing, and 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) for Afib diagnosis. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with Afib, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: The prevalence of Afib was 7.9% (28/355). Patients with Afib commonly presented with palpitations, dizziness, fatigue, chest pain, and dyspnea, with tachycardia and irregular pulse frequently observed on examination. In multivariable analysis, hypertension (aOR 3.027, 95% CI 1.419-6.431; p = 0.020), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (aOR 2.026, 95% CI 1.738-6.538; p = 0.048), body mass index (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²) (aOR 3.014, 95% CI 1.242-7.930; p = 0.029), and poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 8%) (aOR 3.813, 95% CI 1.762-8.265; p = 0.007) were independently associated with Afib.

CONCLUSION: Afib is relatively common among adults with T2DM in western Uganda, affecting nearly one in ten patients. Hypertension, HIV infection, obesity, and poor glycemic control were significant associated factors. Integrating ECG screening into diabetes care, particularly for high-risk patients may improve early detection and management in resource-limited settings.

PMID:42571021 | DOI:10.1186/s40842-026-00327-y

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2026 Jul 23;26(1):857. doi: 10.1186/s12884-026-09602-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy is a period marked by anatomical, physiological, and psychological changes that may be associated with women’s perceptions of risk and their attitudes toward sexuality during pregnancy. Risk perception during pregnancy is a subjective experience shaped by personal, medical, psychological, and cultural factors. Sexuality during pregnancy may also be associated with myths, misconceptions, physiological changes, and concerns about maternal or fetal safety. Although previous studies have examined sexual function, sexual beliefs, and body image during pregnancy, limited evidence is available on the relationship between pregnancy-related risk perception and attitudes toward sexuality during pregnancy. This study aimed to examine this relationship among pregnant women in Türkiye.

METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 306 pregnant women who applied to family health centers in a district in Türkiye. The sample size was determined using statistical power analysis, and data were collected through structured face-to-face interviews. Data collection tools included a Personal Information Form, the Perception of Pregnancy Risk Questionnaire (PPRQ), and the Attitude Scale toward Sexuality during Pregnancy (ASSP). Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post-hoc tests, and Pearson correlation analysis were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25. Statistical significance was accepted at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: The mean total PPRQ score was 41.75 +/- 13.97. The mean score for risk perception toward oneself was 42.37 +/- 17.13, and the mean score for risk perception toward the baby was 40.98 +/- 16.58. The mean total ASSP score was 104.99 +/- 23.23, and 23.9% of participants had a positive attitude toward sexuality during pregnancy according to the ASSP cut-off point. A weak positive correlation was found between risk perception toward the baby and approval of sexuality during pregnancy (r = 0.195, p = 0.001), and between risk perception toward the baby and total ASSP score (r = 0.143, p = 0.012). A weak negative correlation was found between risk perception toward oneself and total ASSP score (r = -0.215, p < 0.001). Significant differences in PPRQ and ASSP scores were observed according to several sociodemographic and pregnancy-related characteristics.

CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional study found weak correlations between pregnancy risk perception sub-dimensions and attitudes toward sexuality during pregnancy. The findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the weak magnitude of the correlations, the cross-sectional design, the single-district sample, and the use of self-reported data.

PMID:42571019 | DOI:10.1186/s12884-026-09602-3

BMC Biomed Eng. 2026 Aug 8;8(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s42490-026-00118-7.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Gait speed is a key clinical indicator in neurological and orthopaedic conditions, yet waveform-level adaptations in ground reaction forces (GRF) and multi-muscle electromyography (EMG) remain poorly characterised. Existing approaches often analyse discrete outcomes or individual modalities, leaving limited integration of continuous waveform inference, dimensionality reduction, explainable machine learning, and equivalence testing within a unified multimodal framework.

OBJECTIVE: To compare three-axis GRF and six-muscle EMG between slow (0.5 m/s) and fast (1.0 m/s) treadmill walking using statistical parametric mapping (SPM), functional principal component analysis (fPCA), explainable machine learning, and equivalence testing.

METHODS: Fifty-eight healthy adults were analysed (55 with complete EMG). Paired SPM with cluster-based permutation assessed waveform differences. fPCA-derived features entered a Random Forest with leave-one-subject-out cross-validation and SHAP interpretability. Two one-sided tests (TOST) assessed equivalence of the vertical GRF.

RESULTS: No significant cluster-level SPM differences were found for any GRF component. In contrast, significant EMG clusters were detected in tibialis anterior (ten clusters), gastrocnemius medial and lateral, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, and semitendinosus. The Random Forest achieved 87.2% accuracy (95% CI: 79.3-92.3%), improving 14.7% points over simple amplitude features, with tibialis anterior PC1 the most important predictor. TOST did not confirm equivalence within ± 0.2 N/kg, though no GRF clusters appeared.

CONCLUSIONS: Moderate speed increases elicited distributed multi-muscle activation changes, whereas GRF waveform differences did not reach cluster-level significance within the present analytical framework. The integrated SPM-fPCA-SHAP-TOST pipeline provides an interpretable signal-processing framework for multimodal gait analysis and could serve as a foundation for future investigations in rehabilitation engineering, digital biomarkers, and wearable sensing, pending validation in clinical populations.

PMID:42571017 | DOI:10.1186/s42490-026-00118-7