Category: Nevin Manimala

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022 Oct 20:S0901-5027(22)00415-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2022.10.003. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Three-dimensional positional changes of the temporomandibular joint after mandible reconstruction using microvascular fibula flaps were investigated in 58 patients. The results of preoperative virtually planned surgery, intraoperative resection- and cutting-guided surgery, and non-guided surgery were compared. Pre- and postoperative computed tomography data of each patient were processed and superimposed digitally. The condyle deviations and rotations along the axes and planes of the skull, as well as Euclidean distances, were determined. Reliability analyses, descriptive statistics, and non-parametric tests were performed with the alpha level set at P = 0.05. Reliability proved to be excellent for all variables. The median Euclidean distance was 2.07 mm for the left condyle and 2.11 mm for the right condyle. Deviations of ≥ 10 mm occurred in nine (16%) cases. The maximum deviation occurred in the horizontal plane and the least deviation in the sagittal plane. Median rotation was ≤ 1.4° around all axes. The condylar displacements did not differ significantly between the different surgical techniques investigated. The three-dimensional measurement method applied is highly reliable for evaluating the three-dimensional condylar position after mandibular reconstruction.

PMID:36274023 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijom.2022.10.003

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022 Oct 20:S0901-5027(22)00414-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2022.10.002. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The increase in antimicrobial resistance requires a critical discussion of antibiotic applications. Postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis is still common for intraoral bone transplantation. However, no guidelines exist for alveolar bone grafting (ABG) in cleft patients. This study compared the infection rate between prolonged and single-dose prophylaxis for this procedure, with the null hypothesis of no difference between the two groups. In total, 109 ABG procedures in 94 cleft patients performed by two surgeons were included. Patients received either prolonged or single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis. The complication rate was compared between the groups. Fifty-nine patients (34 male, 25 female) received prolonged prophylaxis (group 1), while 35 (23 male, 12 female) had just a single dose (group 2). Median age at surgery differed between the two groups, but not significantly (P = 0.72). One relevant surgical site infection was observed among patients with postoperative antibiotic application, while no infections occurred in the single-dose prophylaxis group (1.7% vs. 0%); this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.84). The duration of hospitalization was longer in group 1. The reduction of antibiotic prophylaxis to a single dose did not increase the infection rate. The results strongly encourage reducing antibiotic prophylaxis for ABG procedures in cleft patients.

PMID:36274022 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijom.2022.10.002

Reprod Biomed Online. 2022 Aug 14:S1472-6483(22)00636-8. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.08.099. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This review examined whether the absence of a genetic link with one or both parents in families using reproductive donation induced a different quality of parenting from that found in families with spontaneous conception or autologous assisted reproductive technology (AUT-ART), where the genetic mother carries the pregnancy and both parents have a genetic link with their children. MEDLINE, PsycINFO and PubMed were searched for English-language studies published from January 1993 to October 2021. A total of 45 studies were included in the systematic review, and 11 in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that in reproductive donation families, where there was no genetic link between parents and children, there were higher positive parental values (P = 0.007) and lower negative parental values (P = 0.007) than for parents and children in families that had spontaneously conceived. No statistically significant differences emerged when the reproductive donation families were compared with the AUT-ART families. The study showed that the quality of parenting was not conditioned by the presence or absence of a genetic link; instead, it was influenced by the processes underlying family building, such as the desire to have a child, the involvement of both parents in the childcare and the quality of disclosure.

PMID:36274013 | DOI:10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.08.099

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2022 Aug 27:S1748-6815(22)00506-X. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.08.063. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There has been a steady growth of non-surgical minimally invasive procedures. In parallel, an ever-broadening range of clinicians has been engaging with botulinum toxin (BoNT) for aesthetic procedures, with reportedly compound positive impact on social health and psychological well-being.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and critically appraise current literature on the impact of BoNT injections into the upper face, as a sole treatment/combination with other modalities on facial aesthetics, psychological well-being, and quality-of-life.

METHODS: An evidence-based review was performed using advanced search from PubMed, Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, and Central Register of Controlled Trials databases . Only literature from inception to August, 2021 were considered. Eligibility criteria included human studies, FDA-approved BoNT applications, formulations, and dosages as a sole/multimodal approach; studies including patient-reported outcome tools psychometrically validated and facial lines-specific. Observer-reported outcome instruments were also considered for a thorough evaluation of outcomes.

RESULTS: Based on data investigations and participant assessments, all studies showed statistically significant improvement in psychosocial well-being and quality-of-life domains with a trend for highest impact when multiple upper facial areas are treated in a multimodal approach.

CONCLUSION: Aesthetic BoNT showed links to true health benefits for well-selected patients in addition to physical amelioration. However, the biological rational remains ambiguous. Well-designed controlled trials are needed, without pharmaceutical laboratories bias, in real clinical scenarios of patients paying for the interventions, often involving multiple areas with/without combined treatments. The persistence of positive outcomes following repetitive treatments provided by less experienced practitioners, potentially involving suboptimal patient selection and/or aesthetic results, warrants further investigation.

PMID:36274011 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2022.08.063

J Nutr Educ Behav. 2022 Oct 21:S1499-4046(22)00488-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2022.08.012. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To examine websites of didactic programs in dietetics (DPD) for diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI)-related language and to assess perceived gender and ethnic/racial representation in images.

METHODS: We conducted a content analysis on the first 6 website images and 3-elements of DPD (n = 212) websites (mission statement, goals and objectives, and the immediate landing page). Descriptive statistics and a website DEI score were calculated.

RESULTS: Equity and inclusion-related terms appeared on < 5% of websites. Diversity and culture-related terms appeared on about one-third of websites. On average, researchers perceived 28.45% of people in website images as non-White, and 20.11% as non-female. Most websites received low DEI scores.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The DPD websites had a limited representation of DEI-related terms and image representation of individuals perceived to be non-female and non-White. Leaders of DPDs may consider displaying and describing the program’s commitment to DEI on the website for potential students.

PMID:36274009 | DOI:10.1016/j.jneb.2022.08.012

Med Eng Phys. 2022 Oct 7:103905. doi: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103905. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Esophageal and gastric varices are complications of decompensated portal hypertension due to cirrhosis, and gastrointestinal bleeding and can seriously trigger major bleeding and crisis life. Seriously endangers patients’ physical and mental health and attracts great attention in the clinic. To compare the efficacy and safety of MES (combined with lauromacrogol and tissue adhesive) and TIPS in the treatment of esophageal and gastric varices. The 62 cases of esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into the MES group and TIPS group according to the treatment method. The rebleeding rate, complications, 2-year birth rate, treatment cost, and hospitalization time within 2 years after operation were compared between the two groups. Among the 62 patients, there were 32 in the MES group and 30 in the TIPS group. The rebleeding rate within 1 year after operation in the MES group was higher than that in the TIPS group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The rebleeding rate within 2 years after operation in the MES group was 40.63%, significantly higher than 13.33% in the TIPS group (P < 0. 05). In the MES group, the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy after the operation was 9.38%, significantly lower than 33.33% in TIPS group (P < 0. 05). The survival rate within 2 years after operation in MES group (81.25%) and TIPS group (83.33), the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in hospital stay between the MES group and TIPS group (P > 0.05). The treatment cost of the MES group was lower than that of the TIPS group (P < 0.05). MES is more suitable for development and promotion in grass-roots hospitals, but TIPS treatment should be carried out as soon as possible for patients with poor efficacy of endoscopic treatment.

PMID:36273997 | DOI:10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103905

Acad Radiol. 2022 Oct 20:S1076-6332(22)00509-8. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2022.09.018. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Combinations of multiple quantitative imaging biomarkers (QIBs) are often able to predict the likelihood of an event of interest such as death or disease recurrence more effectively than single imaging measurements can alone. The development of such multiparametric quantitative imaging and evaluation of its fitness of use differs from the analogous processes for individual QIBs in several key aspects. A computational procedure to combine the QIB values into a model output must be specified. The output must also be reproducible and be shown to have reasonably strong ability to predict the risk of an event of interest. Attention must be paid to statistical issues not often encountered in the single QIB scenario, including overfitting and bias in the estimates of model performance. This is the fourth in a five-part series on statistical methodology for assessing the technical performance of multiparametric quantitative imaging. Considerations for data acquisition are discussed and recommendations from the literature on methodology to construct and evaluate QIB-based models for risk prediction are summarized. The findings in the literature upon which these recommendations are based are demonstrated through simulation studies. The concepts in this manuscript are applied to a real-life example involving prediction of major adverse cardiac events using automated plaque analysis.

PMID:36273996 | DOI:10.1016/j.acra.2022.09.018

Rev Int Androl. 2022 Oct 20:S1698-031X(22)00076-0. doi: 10.1016/j.androl.2021.02.011. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Depression is not uncommon among infertile couples. The objective of the study is to analyze factors that predict depression in these couples, when they are in Assisted Reproduction Techniques programs.

MATERIALS AND METHOD: We analyze the level of depression in couples referred from the Human Reproduction Unit to study the male factor using the Beck Depression Inventory and the clinical information contained in the SARAplus program.

RESULTS: Depressive ranges appear in approximately half of the participants. The degree of depression correlates in a statistically significant way between both members of the couple. Among the analyzed clinical factors, we observed relational tendency between depression and obesity and depression and smoking.

CONCLUSIONS: Depression in infertile couples is a fact. ART specialists should be on the lookout for symptoms of depression in order to provide patients psychological and psychiatric care and treatments, as part of the overall therapeutic framework for infertility.

PMID:36273995 | DOI:10.1016/j.androl.2021.02.011

Rev Int Androl. 2022 Oct 20:S1698-031X(22)00083-8. doi: 10.1016/j.androl.2021.11.004. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Sexual attitudes are related to the norms and customs that are considered appropriate according to the era in which one lives, usually showing themselves more restrictive for women.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyze how sexual attitudes (erotophilia-erotophobia and sexual double standards) may predispose to sexual violence (attitudes in favor of rape).

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 868 students from the University of Huelva (723 women and 145 men), aged between 17 and 57 years. The Double Moral Scale, the Rape Favorable Attitude Scale and the Revised Sexual Opinion Survey were used.

RESULTS: People who are more erotophilic are bisexuals (x̄=99.10) and people who consider themselves left-wing in politics (x̄=96.91). The highest double standards scores are obtained by men (x̄=18.50), master’s students (x̄=18.58), asexuals (x̄=20.50) and people who consider themselves centrist (x̄=18.24). In terms of pro-rape attitudes, men (x̄=37.72), heterosexuals (x̄=33.29) and people who consider themselves right-wing (x̄=37.35) stand out. The differences found between the groups are statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS: It is confirmed that sexual attitudes can predispose to sexual violence, which shows the need to continue working in this line in order to promote pleasurable sexual experiences.

PMID:36273994 | DOI:10.1016/j.androl.2021.11.004

Hematol Transfus Cell Ther. 2022 Oct 17:S2531-1379(22)01426-2. doi: 10.1016/j.htct.2022.09.1275. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of romiplostim (thrombopoietin-receptor agonist) in the treatment of pediatric immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).

METHODS: Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov (from January 2011 to August 2021). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), double-blind, comparing romiplostim with a placebo in pediatric persistent or chronic ITP were included. The primary outcome was the overall response rate (platelets ≥ 50 × 10⁹/L) in the absence of rescue therapy for at least two consecutive weeks. The secondary endpoints were the minimization of clinically significant bleeding and the necessity for rescue treatments and the maximization of safety (incidence of overall adverse events) and durable response (maintaining platelet counts for at least twelve weeks).

RESULTS: Two double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials (84 participants) were included in this systematic review. Our data showed that, compared to the placebo group, the proportion of patients achieving durable platelet response was significantly higher in the romiplostim group (p = 0.003, RR = 6.34, 95%CI = 1.89 – 21.23), as was the overall response in the romiplostim group (p = 0.002, RR = 3.62, 95%CI = 1.63 – 8.03). Significant bleeding incidents (p = 0.49), overall adverse events (p = 0.71) and the need for rescue treatment (p = 0.13) were not statistically different between the romiplostim and placebo groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Romiplostim might improve both durable and overall platelet response in children and adolescents with ITP, compared to a placebo. More clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of romiplostim and to compare it with other second-line treatments that are being used in pediatric ITP.

PMID:36273985 | DOI:10.1016/j.htct.2022.09.1275