Category: Nevin Manimala

Braz Oral Res. 2022 Oct 10;36:e0123. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0123. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental trauma in schoolchildren 6 to 12 years of age and associated clinical, sociodemographic, and socioeconomic variables. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 477 children from public elementary schools in four locations in Mexico. The dependent variable was dental trauma, which was dichotomized in 0 = without dental trauma and 1 = with dental trauma. For the statistical analysis, a multivariate binary logistic regression model was generated in Stata. Average age was 9.06±1.94 years and 51.1% were girls. The prevalence of dental trauma was 18.2%. Falls, automobile accidents and sports had the highest number of instances (p < 0.01). In the multivariate model, it was observed that the risk of dental trauma increased with age (OR = 1.28) and among boys (OR = 1.45). Schoolchildren with decreased overjet (OR = 0.38) had lower dental trauma. Father’s age (OR = 1.03) and educational level (OR = 1.78) were associated with dental trauma. Schoolchildren without health insurance (OR = 0.62) presented dental trauma less often. This study provided important information regarding the association of different sociodemographic, socioeconomic and clinical variables with dental trauma in Mexican schoolchildren. Identifying factors associated with dental trauma may support health promotion opportunities to ameliorate the prevalence of dental trauma.

PMID:36228222 | DOI:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0123

Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2022 Oct 7;30:e3636. doi: 10.1590/1518-8345.5866.3636. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the association between resilience and occupational stress of Nursing professionals from a general hospital.

METHOD: an observational, cross-sectional study involving 321 Nursing professionals. The data collected were: socio-demographic and labour variables, stress and resilience, analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics.

RESULTS: 54.5% of the participants presented moderate resilience and 36.4%, high; 73.5% were at risk of exposure to occupational stress; the relationship between psychological demands and professional category (p=0.009), between control over work and age (p=0.04), professional category (p<0.001), having a management position (p=0.009), being a specialist (p=0.006) and between social support and professional category (p<0.001), having a management position (p=0.03), daily working hours (p=0.03), being a specialist (p<0.001) were verified. There was an association between resilience Factor I – resolutions of actions and values and control over work (p=0.04) and social support (p=0.002).

CONCLUSION: the Nursing professionals of a general hospital have moderate to high resilience which, associated with high control over their work and high social support, may contribute to the reduction of exposure to occupational stress.

PMID:36228234 | DOI:10.1590/1518-8345.5866.3636

Braz Oral Res. 2022 Oct 10;36:e0122. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0122. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

Social determinants of health (SDH) are strongly associated with oral health outcomes, and oral health literacy (OHL) is a potential factor that can modify this association. This study evaluated the association between SDH and OHL, including functional and interactive dimensions of OHL. The cross sectional study was conducted with 354 adults recruited from public dental clinics in southern Brazil. Functional OHL was measured using the Brazilian version of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30) and the Health Literacy Dental Scale (HeLD-14), for the evaluation of interactional OHL. SDH was evaluated through a structured questionnaire, and economic class was determined based on the Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria. The statistical analysis involved bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance (α=0.05) to estimate rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Among the 354 participants, 284 (80.2%) were women and the mean age was 22.9 ± 4.9 years. The median BREALD-30 score was 24 (1st/3rd quintile: 20/27) and the median HeLD-14 score was 45 (1st/3rd quintile: 37/50). Most participants had up to eight years of schooling (71.5%) and belonged to the “C” Economic Class or lower (94.1%). The multiple regression analysis showed that schooling and economic class were associated with the BREALD-30 and HeLD-14 scores, income and age were associated with the HeLD-14 score, and marital status and occupation were associated with the BREALD-30 score. Different dimensions of OHL were associated with SDH in Brazilian adults. This aspect should be incorporated into strategies for improving OHL levels in individuals or populations.

PMID:36228221 | DOI:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0122

Rev Col Bras Cir. 2022 Oct 7;49:e20223303. doi: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20223303-en. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: we intend to demonstrate the clinical alterations and the postoperative evolution in patients with acute abdomen non-traumatic in conservative or surgical treatment during the pandemic compared to a similar period in the last year.

METHOD: a single-center retrospective study, including patients who received clinical-surgical treatment at Hospital do Trabalhador diagnosed with acute abdomen between March and August 2020 and a similar period in 2019.Variables studied ranged from demographic data to indices of social isolation.

RESULTS: 515 patients were included, 291 received treatment in a pre-pandemic period and 224 during. There was not statistical difference in relation to comorbidities (p=0.0685), time to diagnosis and seeking medical help. No statistical differences were observed in terms of days of hospitalization (p = 0.4738) and ICU need (p=0.2320). Regarding in-hospital deaths, there was statistical relevance in the age above 60 years (p=0.002) and there were more deaths during the pandemic period (p=0.032). However, when we analyze the factors associated with the number of days until diagnosis by a physician, there was no statistical difference.

CONCLUSION: the analyzed data showed that the pandemic period and age over 60 years were the variables that increased the odds ratio for the in-hospital death outcome. However, the length of stay, days in intensive care unit and postoperative surgical complications showed no significant difference.

PMID:36228198 | DOI:10.1590/0100-6991e-20223303-en

J Clin Oncol. 2022 Oct 13:JCO2201258. doi: 10.1200/JCO.22.01258. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Primary prophylactic colony-stimulating factors (PP-CSFs) are prescribed to reduce febrile neutropenia (FN) but their benefit for intermediate FN risk regimens is uncertain. Within a pragmatic, randomized trial of a standing order entry (SOE) PP-CSF intervention, we conducted a substudy to evaluate the effectiveness of SOE for patients receiving intermediate-risk regimens.

METHODS: TrACER was a cluster randomized trial where practices were randomized to usual care or a guideline-based SOE intervention. In the primary study, sites were randomized 3:1 to SOE of automated PP-CSF orders for high FN risk regimens and alerts against PP-CSF use for low-risk regimens versus usual care. A secondary 1:1 randomization assigned 24 intervention sites to either SOE to prescribe or an alert to not prescribe PP-CSF for intermediate-risk regimens. Clinicians were allowed to over-ride the SOE. Patients with breast, colorectal, or non-small-cell lung cancer were enrolled. Mixed-effect logistic regression models were used to test differences between randomized sites.

RESULTS: Between January 2016 and April 2020, 846 eligible patients receiving intermediate-risk regimens were registered to either SOE to prescribe (12 sites: n = 542) or an alert to not prescribe PP-CSF (12 sites: n = 304). Rates of PP-CSF use were higher among sites randomized to SOE (37.1% v 9.9%, odds ratio, 5.91; 95% CI, 1.77 to 19.70; P = .0038). Rates of FN were low and identical between arms (3.7% v 3.7%).

CONCLUSION: Although implementation of a SOE intervention for PP-CSF significantly increased PP-CSF use among patients receiving first-line intermediate-risk regimens, FN rates were low and did not differ between arms. Although this guideline-informed SOE influenced prescribing, the results suggest that neither SOE nor PP-CSF provides sufficient benefit to justify their use for all patients receiving first-line intermediate-risk regimens.

PMID:36228177 | DOI:10.1200/JCO.22.01258

Cancer. 2022 Nov 1;128(21):3754. doi: 10.1002/cncr.34499.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:36228160 | DOI:10.1002/cncr.34499

Retina. 2022 Oct 10. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000003641. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the ophthalmological involvement in patients with hereditary transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis and its correlation with the mutations described in the literature.

METHODS: Cross-sectional, non-interventional study. 52 eyes of 26 consecutive patients diagnosed of hereditary TTR amyloidosis that visited Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital from September 2019 to March 2022. All patients underwent complete ophthalmologic examination and multimodal imaging. Cardiological, neurological, digestive and renal examinations were also recorded.

RESULTS: 18 eyes out of the total (34.61%) showed amyloid-related ocular involvement, being vitreous amyloid deposits (AD) the most common ocular manifestation (18/52). Statistically significant differences were found for the presence of vitreous AD (p<0.01), crystalline AD (p<0.05), parenchymal AD (p<0.01) and vascular alterations (p<0.01) when comparing affected and unaffected eyes. Moreover, affected eyes showed worse best corrected visual acuity (p<0.01).

CONCLUSION: Ocular manifestations are present in a substantial number of patients with ATTR that could potentially lead to devastating consequences to patients’ BCVA and quality of life. Therefore, it is important to emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary management and ophthalmological assessment, follow-up and surgical treatment when necessary. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the largest series in Spain of amyloidosis’ ophthalmologic involvement.

PMID:36228151 | DOI:10.1097/IAE.0000000000003641

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Oct 14:dgac599. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac599. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT/OBJECTIVE: To evaluate association of gestational weight gain (GWG) as low, within, or above (excessive) according to Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines, with pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes (GDM) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.

SETTING: 7 Belgian hospitals.

PARTICIPANTS: 1843 women receiving universal GDM screening with 75 g oral glucose tolerance test.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Pregnancy outcomes and postpartum characteristics.

RESULTS: Women with GDM and low GWG (n = 97, 52.4%) had similar rates of small-for-gestational age infants and preterm delivery, were less often overweight or obese postpartum [35.7% (30) vs. 56.5% (26), p < 0.022] and had less often postpartum weight retention (PPWR) [48.8% (41) vs. 87.9% (40), p < 0.001] compared to GWG within range (n = 58, 31.3%). GDM with excessive GWG (n = 30, 16.2%) had more often neonatal hypoglycemia [30.8% (8) vs. 5.9% (3), aOR 7.15, 95% CI (1.52-33.63), p = 0.013] compared to GWG within range. NGT with excessive GWG [28.3% (383)] had more often instrumental delivery [15.9% (61) vs. 11.9% (64), aOR 1.53, 95% CI (1.03-2.27), p = 0.035] and more large-for-gestational age infants [19.3% (74) vs. 10.4% (56), aOR 1.67, 95% CI (1.13-2.47), p = 0.012] compared to GWG within range.

CONCLUSIONS: GWG below IOM guidelines occurred frequently in GDM women, without increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes and with better metabolic profile postpartum. Excessive GWG was associated with increased risk for neonatal hypoglycemia and worse metabolic profile postpartum in women with GDM, and with higher rates of LGA and instrumental delivery in NGT women.

PMID:36228141 | DOI:10.1210/clinem/dgac599

J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2022 Oct 13:ocac184. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocac184. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Privacy is a concern whenever individual patient health data is exchanged for scientific research. We propose using mixed sum-product networks (MSPNs) as private representations of data and take samples from the network to generate synthetic data that can be shared for subsequent statistical analysis. This anonymization method was evaluated with respect to privacy and information loss.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a simulation study, information loss was quantified by assessing whether synthetic data could reproduce regression parameters obtained from the original data. Predictors variable types were varied between continuous, count, categorical, and mixed discrete-continuous. Additionally, we measured whether the MSPN approach successfully anonymizes the data by removing associations between background and sensitive information for these datasets.

RESULTS: The synthetic data generated with MSPNs yielded regression results highly similar to those generated with original data, differing less than 5% in most simulation scenarios. Standard errors increased compared to the original data. Particularly for smaller datasets (1000 records), this resulted in a discrepancy between the estimated and empirical standard errors. Sensitive values could no longer be inferred from background information for at least 99% of tested individuals.

DISCUSSION: The proposed anonymization approach yields very promising results. Further research is required to evaluate its performance with other types of data and analyses, and to predict how user parameter choices affect a bias-privacy trade-off.

CONCLUSION: Generating synthetic data from MSPNs is a promising, easy-to-use approach for anonymization of sensitive individual health data that yields informative and private data.

PMID:36228120 | DOI:10.1093/jamia/ocac184

JMIR Hum Factors. 2022 Oct 13;9(4):e37693. doi: 10.2196/37693.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In 2019, COVID-19 spread worldwide, causing a pandemic that has posed unprecedented challenges and pressure for health systems and economies. Food delivery services have become an important medium for consumer food purchases to limit human-to-human contact. Thus, delivery drivers are at high risk of exposure to COVID-19 infection at work. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have analyzed the dimensions of health literacy (HL) regarding COVID-19 prevention in this population.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the HL status toward COVID-19 prevention and its associated factors among food delivery drivers in southern Thailand.

METHODS: Following a cross-sectional survey from July to August 2021, Thai food delivery drivers in the upper-south and lower-south regions of southern Thailand were recruited to participate during the compulsory COVID-19 lockdown. An online structured questionnaire was administered verbally and recorded by the interviewer. Univariate and multivariate linear regressions were used to explore independently associated factors.

RESULTS: Of 401 drivers, 291 (72.6%) were men. The median age was 31 years (range 19-64 years). The median number of months working as a driver was 12 months, and the median number of working hours was 9 hours per day. The median number of daily food orders was 20, while the median daily income was Thai baht (THB) 600 (US $15.90). Social media (Facebook and Line) was a common source of health information. The most common information required was about the COVID-19 vaccine, medications, and treatment. Most drivers (285/401, 71.1%) had excellent HL levels regarding COVID-19 prevention. Only the practical application of information was statistically correlated with behavior (r=0.38, P<.001). Drivers in the lower south of Thailand were more likely to have excellent HL than other drivers (β=7.03, P<.001). Those who frequently accessed information through YouTube (β=-2.17, P=.01) and relatives (β=-4.19, P<.001) were less likely to have excellent HL levels.

CONCLUSIONS: Understanding HL among food delivery drivers would be useful for planning effective interventions that target this population. Conventional health education through social media alone may not be effective at educating people about COVID-19 prevention. Information literacy skills could determine individuals’ HL and drivers’ behaviors.

PMID:36227652 | DOI:10.2196/37693