Category: Nevin Manimala

Clin Oral Implants Res. 2022 Oct 24. doi: 10.1111/clr.14015. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between different vertical levels of the abutment margin and residual cement prevalence in cement-retained implant restorations with customized abutments.

METHODS: One hundred and nine single-unit cement-retained implant restorations with a screw-access channel were included. The crowns were intraorally cemented on the abutments, and excess cement was removed. The abutment-crown complex was unscrewed, and the abutment-crown complex and peri-implant tissue were photographed. Residual cement presence was recorded by dividing the abutment-crown complex and peri-implant tissue into 4 quadrants: mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual. The prevalence of residual cement was compared according to the height of the custom abutment margin of the corresponding quadrant. A multilevel model was used for statistical analysis (α=.05).

RESULTS: Cement remnants were discovered on 72.48% of the dental implants. When the restoration quadrants were compared, cement remnants were present on 51.38%, 39.45%, 20.18%, and 17.43% of the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual surfaces, respectively (P<.01). Regarding the abutment margin level, cement residues were found in 60.22% and 61.4% of the 0.5 mm subgingival and ≥1 mm subgingival margin groups, respectively, which were significantly more than those in the supragingival (23.65%) and equigingival (26.59%) margin groups (P<.01). After adjustment for confounding factors, the adjusted odds ratio (with 95% confidence interval) for residual cement in the subgingival margin groups was 3.664 (1.71, 7.852) when compared to the supragingival and equigingival margin groups.

CONCLUSIONS: The risk of residual cement occurrence was 3.66-fold higher with a subgingival abutment margin than with supragingival and equigingival abutment margins.

PMID:36278423 | DOI:10.1111/clr.14015

Work. 2022 Oct 17. doi: 10.3233/WOR-211289. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Police officers are exposed to specific occupational tasks, which require lifting, trunk flexion and rotation, carrying weight, and frequent standing periods, which may be associated with an increased risk of experiencing low back pain (LBP).

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and intensity of chronic LBP (CLBP) in Brazilian Federal Highway Police officers (FHPO) from Rio Grande do Sul state and evaluate its associated factors.

METHODS: A total of 208 FHPO participated in this study. The participants answered an electronic questionnaire containing sociodemographic, behavioral, and occupational questions, and CLBP history. Data analyzes comprised descriptive statistics and Poisson regression models.

RESULTS: Most of the FHPO were male, aged 41 or more, lived with a partner and were physically active. Sixty-seven percent of FHPO had CLBP, and the median pain intensity was 3.0 (IQR = 0- 5). Participants who lived with a partner were less likely to report CLBP (PR) = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.64; 0.99). On the other hand, those who worked as FHPO for more than 11 years were more likely to report CLPB (PR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.06; 1.63), and high pain intensity (β= 0.95; 95% CI = 0.19; 1.71).

CONCLUSIONS: The high CLBP prevalence among FHPO from Rio Grande do Sul state indicates a need to highlight the importance for police organizations to promote CLBP prevention and implement workplace management programs.

PMID:36278387 | DOI:10.3233/WOR-211289

Work. 2022 Oct 17. doi: 10.3233/WOR-211235. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Taxi drivers are prone to musculoskeletal problems and can suffer from cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and psychosocial problems. For occupational health and safety it is crucial to know the risk factors and initiatives to be taken for protection.

OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to evaluate the opinions of taxi drivers regarding occupational risks and prevention strategies.

METHODS: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study including 524 taxi drivers. A questionnaire was developed to determine the opinions of taxi drivers regarding occupational risks and intervention strategies. For the analysis of data, Mann-Whitney U (Z-table value), descriptive statistics (number, percentage) and Chi-square (χ2) test between dependent and independent variables were used.

RESULTS: Among the taxi drivers, the occupation was reported to be risky for musculoskeletal system disorders by 67%, for cardiovascular diseases by 68.3%, for respiratory diseases by 46.9% and for psychosocial problems by 63.3%. When the opinions of taxi drivers regarding prevention from these risks were examined, 30.2% of them stated prevention from musculoskeletal system disorders, 34.0% from cardiovascular diseases, 31.3% from respiratory diseases and 40.1% from psychosocial problems. It was a prominent finding to see a decrease in the number of drivers who stated to show prevention behavior towards these risks compared to their states of recognizing them.CONCLUSİON:Drivers were insufficient both in recognizing health risks of their jobs and implementing intervention strategies. Education concerning health risks of their jobs and prevention from these risks is required.

PMID:36278386 | DOI:10.3233/WOR-211235

Work. 2022 Oct 20. doi: 10.3233/WOR-211161. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought many restrictions that affected Turkey as well as other countries around the world. Restrictions on education, sports activities and social activities affected students physically and psychologically.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on weight gain, physical activity, and mental health among university students.

METHODS: The study included students of Pamukkale University aged between 18-25 years. Participants answered the online survey about changes in body composition and physical activity habits during the pandemic. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to assess physical activity levels. Beck Depression Scale (BDS) was used to assess the mental health.

RESULTS: 848 (546 females, 302 males) students average aged 20,72±1,63 years were included in the study. When the physical activity times before and during the pandemic were compared, a statistically significant difference was found (p < 0.05). Multivariate analyses showed that higher BDS scores (p = 0.000) were significantly associated with increased weight gain. But there was no significant association with age and changes in physical activity time.

CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has a negative effect on the physical activity level, weight gain and mental health of university students. Students reported an increase in weight during the pandemic. Also, the increase in depressive symptoms is related to higher levels of weight gain. Therefore, physical activity and mental health programmes should be offered to university students as an educational and health policy.

PMID:36278383 | DOI:10.3233/WOR-211161

Work. 2022 Oct 21. doi: 10.3233/WOR-211155. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Supported Employment (SE) has shown better results in the employment rate for persons with disabilities than other methods within vocational rehabilitation, but how SE affects the employment rate for subgroups in the interventions needs further attention.

OBJECTIVE: To examine previous research regarding the influence of intersecting statuses on the employment rate in SE for people with psychiatric, neuropsychiatric, or intellectual disabilities according to type of diagnosis, sex, race/ethnicity, age, level of education and previous work history.

METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in nine databases including peer-reviewed articles from 2000 to April 2021. Articles presenting the employment rate in SE interventions according to the intersecting statuses listed in the objective were included.

RESULTS: The searches identified 3777 unique records, of which 53 articles were included in data extraction. In most of the included articles, intersecting statuses did not affect the employment rate for people in the SE interventions with psychiatric disabilities. Few studies have examined neuropsychiatric and intellectual disabilities. A majority of the studies subjected to full-text analysis were excluded due to a lack of reporting of the effects of intersecting statuses on the employment rate. The studies that reported on the effects of intersecting statuses on the employment rate often had small samples and lacked statistical power.

CONCLUSIONS: Intersecting statuses do not appear to affect the employment rate for people receiving SE interventions, but systematic reviews with pooled samples need to be undertaken because of the low reporting rate and underpowered sample sizes in existing studies.

PMID:36278382 | DOI:10.3233/WOR-211155

Work. 2022 Oct 18. doi: 10.3233/WOR-211110. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Quality of life is currently one of the basic conceptual categories in many research disciplines. The authors of the present study are convinced that measurement of quality of life in reference to people living on the poverty line deserves special attention.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to identify relationships between the quality of life and sociodemographic variables in low-income Wrocław residents.

METHODS: The research was conducted in Wrocław (Poland) and involved 1215 respondents aged 18-64 years, whose monthly gross income per capita in the household did not exceed 1043 PLN. The respondents’ quality of life was assessed with The World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire with additional questions on respondents’ social and demographic status.

RESULTS: The Wrocław residents most often assessed their quality of life as average or below average. They rated their health-related quality of life in the social domain as the highest, and in the physical domain as the lowest. Age, household size, stable source of income, savings, and indebtedness were significantly correlated with the quality of life of Wrocław residents under study. Among the respondents, statistically significant relationships between perceived health condition assessment and age, professional status, stable source of income, and debt were also identified.

CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study indicate that public health programs and other activities related to quality of life management should be directed to individuals and social groups particularly threatened by low quality of life, i.e. people living on the income poverty line.

PMID:36278380 | DOI:10.3233/WOR-211110

J Alzheimers Dis. 2022 Oct 18. doi: 10.3233/JAD-220474. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There are socioeconomic inequalities in dementia risk. Underlying pathways are not well known.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether modifiable health and lifestyle factors for brain health mediate the association of socioeconomic status (SES) and cognitive functioning in a population without dementia.

METHODS: The “LIfestyle for BRAin health” (LIBRA) score was computed for 6,203 baseline participants of the LIFE-Adult-Study. LIBRA predicts dementia in midlife and early late life, based on 12 modifiable factors. Associations of SES (education, net equivalence income, and occupational status) and LIBRA with cognitive functioning (composite score) were investigated using adjusted linear regression models. Bootstrapped structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to investigate whether LIBRA mediated the association of SES and cognitive functioning.

RESULTS: Participants were M = 57.4 (SD = 10.6, range: 40-79) years old; 50.3% were female. Both, SES (Wald: F(2)=52.5, p < 0.001) and LIBRA (Wald: F(1)=5.9, p < 0.05) were independently associated with cognitive functioning; there was no interaction (Wald: F(2)=2.9, p = 0.060). Lower SES and higher LIBRA scores indicated lower cognitive functioning. LIBRA partially mediated the association of SES and cognitive functioning (IE: =0.02, 95% CI [0.02, 0.03], p < 0.001). The proportion mediated was 12.7%.

CONCLUSION: Differences in cognitive functioning due to SES can be partially attributed to differences in modifiable health and lifestyle factors; but to a small extent. This suggests that lifestyle interventions could attenuate socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive functioning. However, directly intervening on the social determinants of health may yield greater benefits for dementia risk reduction.

PMID:36278347 | DOI:10.3233/JAD-220474

J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2022 Oct 14. doi: 10.3233/BMR-220132. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Due to the influence of spinal and respiratory movements, it is difficult to accurately measure the range of motion of each joint.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a three-dimensional (3D) measurement of each joint in the shoulder complex in different postures in the sagittal plane of the upper extremity.

METHODS: Thirteen healthy adults with no history of shoulder surgery for trauma or chronic pain were enrolled in the present study. The computed tomography (CT) imaging data of the shoulder complex were acquired in four postures via the reconstruction and alignment of 3D images. The angles of the postural changes were measured, and rotation vectors were used for descriptions and statistical analyses.

RESULTS: There was a statistical difference in the rotation angles between the dominant and non-dominant sides of the sternoclavicular joint when the posture changed from a resting position to a posterior inferior position. During the postural change from a resting position to a horizontal position, the regression coefficient (β) of the humerothoracic joint to the sternoclavicular joint was 0.191, and the β of the humerothoracic joint to the glenohumeral joint was 0.621. During the postural change from the horizontal position to the rear upper position, the β of the humerothoracic joint to the sternoclavicular joint was 0.316, and the β of the humerothoracic joint to the glenohumeral joint was 0.845. During the postural change from the resting position to the rear lower position, the β of the humerothoracic joint to the glenohumeral joint was 0.991.

CONCLUSION: The application of the image alignment technique enabled the direct and accurate measurement of the bony structures of the shoulder joint. The helical approach accurately described the scapulohumeral rhythm during 3D motion. There was a scapulohumeral rhythm of the shoulder complex during 3D composite sagittal movement, with different ratios for different joints and postures.

PMID:36278340 | DOI:10.3233/BMR-220132

J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2022 Oct 12. doi: 10.3233/BMR-220005. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) technique has been widely used in spine surgery. At present, a traditional rigid working channel is available for the UBE system. A metal semicircular canal is located in the working channel. However, due to the metal material of the working channel, arthroscopy and instruments are constrained from moving in UBE surgery. Additionally, an assistant is needed during the procedure to hold the traditional working channel.

OBJECTIVE: For simplicity of operation and convenient movement of the arthroscopy and instrument, we describe a new method for establishing operative channels in UBE surgery.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 50 patients who underwent unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy (UBED) from February 2020 to August 2020 via our new method. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) score were measured preoperatively and 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months postoperatively. Statistical comparisons were made using analysis of covariance and paired t tests.

RESULTS: The VAS scores for back pain at the five time points were 5.20 ± 2.57, 1.96 ± 0.95, 1.50 ± 0.84, 1.64 ± 1.08 and 1.18 ± 0.39. The leg pain VAS scores were 7.02 ± 2.25, 2.02 ± 1.27, 1.48 ± 0.89, 1.32 ± 0.79 and 0.88 ± 0.52. The ODI values were 51.08 ± 19.97, 19.62 ± 15.51, 8.26 ± 7.40, and 7.54 ± 6.42 to 3.24 ± 1.10. The postoperative ODIs and VAS scores of low back pain and leg pain were significantly lower than those before surgery, and differences were statistically significant (all p< 0.05). The pressure of the closed outflow was significantly higher than that of the open outflow (37.35 ± 13.11 mm Hg vs. 24.55 ± 12.64 mm Hg p= 0.003). After we tightened the infusion strap to open the outflow, the pressure decreased significantly (26.4 ± 14.08 mm Hg vs. 37.35 ± 13.11 mm Hg p= 0.015). There were 2 cases of complications, including 1 case of postoperative recurrence and 1 case of dural tears.

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the technical feasibility, safety, and efficacy of modified channel establishment in UBE surgery.

PMID:36278335 | DOI:10.3233/BMR-220005

Thorac Cancer. 2022 Oct 24. doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.14694. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of several machine learning (ML) algorithms in predicting 1-year afatinib continuation and 2-year survival after afatinib initiation and to identify the differences in survival outcomes between ML-classified strata.

METHODS: Data that were also used in the RESET study were retrospectively collected from 16 hospitals in South Korea. A stratified random sampling method was applied to split the data into training and test sets (70:30 split ratio). Clinical information, such as age, sex, tumor stage, smoking, performance status, metastasis, type of metastasis, dose adjustment, and pathologic information on EGFR mutations were inputted. Training was performed using eight ML algorithms: logistic regression, decision tree, deep neural network, random forest, support vector machine, boosting, bagging, and the naïve Bayes classifier. The model performance was assessed based on sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated and compared between the ML models using DeLong’s test. A Kaplan-Meier (KM) curve was used to visualize the identified strata obtained from the ML models.

RESULTS: No significant differences in the input variables were observed between the training and test datasets. The best-performing models were support vector machine in predicting 1-year afatinib continuation (AUC 0.626) and decision tree in 2-year survival after afatinib start (AUC 0.644), although the performances of the ML models were comparable and did not display any predictive roles. KM analysis and log-rank test revealed significant differences between the strata identified from the ML model (p < 0.001) in terms of both time-on-treatment (TOT) and overall survival (OS).

CONCLUSION: The performances of ML models in our study found no discernible roles in predicting afatinib-related outcomes, although the identified strata revealed different TOT and OS in the KM analysis. This implies the strength of ML in predicting the survival outcome, as well as the limitation of electronic medical record-based variables in ML algorithms. Careful consideration of variable inclusion is likely to improve the general model performance.

PMID:36278315 | DOI:10.1111/1759-7714.14694