Category: Nevin Manimala

Am J Prev Med. 2023 Mar 12:S0749-3797(23)00074-0. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.02.011. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: It is unknown whether and to what extent the duration of smoking abstinence may modify the association between receiving cigarette coupons and smoking relapse in the U.S. This study aims to fill this gap.

METHODS: Data were from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study Wave 4 (December 2016-January 2018, baseline) and Wave 5 (December 2018-November 2019, follow-up) surveys. Analysis was conducted in May 2022. The study sample was participants who formerly smoked cigarettes at baseline (N=5,186). The exposure was past 12-month receipt of cigarette coupons (yes/no) at baseline, and the outcome was cigarette smoking relapse (yes/no) at follow-up. A potential modifier was the duration of smoking abstinence (within/>1 year) at baseline. Baseline single-wave weights were applied, and a multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the adjusted association. Interaction between cigarette coupon receipt and duration of smoking abstinence was examined to explore potential modification effects.

RESULTS: Participants who received cigarette coupons at baseline were more likely to relapse at follow-up (AOR=1.63, 95% CI=1.15, 2.32). This association was significantly stronger among participants who quit within 1 year than among participants who quit >1 year at baseline (AOR for the interaction term=2.77, 95% CI=1.22, 6.25). Subgroup analysis shows that receipt of cigarette coupons was significantly associated with smoking relapse among participants who quit within 1 year (AOR=2.10, 95% CI=1.39, 3.17), and this association was not statistically significant among participants who quit >1 year (AOR=0.76, 95% CI=0.36, 1.63).

CONCLUSIONS: Policies restricting cigarette coupons may help adults who recently quit sustain abstinence.

PMID:36918321 | DOI:10.1016/j.amepre.2023.02.011

J Hand Ther. 2023 Mar 12:S0894-1130(22)00088-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jht.2022.09.002. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the effect of Kinesio Tape (KT) applied differently in patients diagnosed with Subacromial Impingement Syndrome (SIS) on acromiohumeral distance (AHD) and supraspinatus tendon (SsT) thickness using ultrasound (US) and its effect on pain, upper limb functional status and hand grip muscle strength in the short and mid-term.

METHODS: The 90 patients diagnosed with unilateral SIS by clinical examination were randomized into 3 groups. In addition to exercise therapy, the deltoid in group 1 and the supraspinatus muscle in group 2 were taped from insertion to origin. Group 3, which was the control group, was applied 9 sessions of sham taping for 3 weeks. Cases were evaluated for AHD and SsT thickness, pain was evaluated with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), function with the Disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) and the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC), and hand grip strength (HGS) using a dynamometer before, and 3rd week and 3rd month after the KT application.

RESULTS: There was a significant improvement in all parameters in the short and mid-term intra group comparisons in Group 1 and 2 after taping (P < .05). In intergroup comparisons, significant improvement was achieved in all parameters in Group 1 and Group 2 in the mid and short term compared to the control group (P < .05). In comparison of Group 1 and Group 2, HGS in the short term (p: 0.07) and the SsT thickness in the short and mid-term (p: 0.36, p: 0.85) did not exhibit any difference. The improvement in all other parameters in group 1 was statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: The findings of our study provide definitive evidence for the effectiveness of KT treatment depending on the method of tape application employed.

PMID:36918309 | DOI:10.1016/j.jht.2022.09.002

Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2023 Feb 21:S2152-2650(23)00062-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clml.2023.02.007. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Natural killer (NK) cells are known to have cytotoxic effects mediated through killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and their cognate ligands. Role of KIRs in myeloma is yet unresolved.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: KIR genotypes and ligands of 204 newly diagnosed MM patients are compared with 424 healthy subjects. Statistical analysis included t-test, chi-square and binary logistic regression.

RESULTS: KIR ligands were significantly more (C2C2: 27.5% vs 15.1%; OR 2.128; 95% CI, 1.417-3.196; P < .001) or less (C1C2: 40.2% vs 51.9%; OR 0.623; 95% CI, 0.444-0.874; P = .006) frequent among MM. Co-occurrence of genotype AA with C2C2 was also higher in frequency among MM (OR 2.509; 95% CI, 1.171-5.378; P = .015) likewise cAB1 with C1C2 was less frequent (OR 0.553; 95% CI, 0.333-0.919; P = .021). Genotypes AA with C1C1, cAB1 with C1C2 or C1C2 alone were associated with a delay (median age: 61 [48-73]; P = .044; 62 [31-81]; P = .030 or 59 [31-85]; P = .028), but AA with C2C2 with an earlier age of onset (48 [29-77]; P = .042). In multivariate analysis including R-ISS, light chain, KIR genotype/ligands; ligand C1C2 (P = .02) and genotype AA-C1C1 (P = .037) were independently associated with age of onset ≥60.

CONCLUSION: C1C2 and C2C2 alone or in combination with KIR genotype (cAB1 and AA, respectively), is observed in less or higher frequency among MM cases and associated with delayed/earlier age of onset, respectively. Genotype AA-C1C1 although in similar frequency between patients and healthy subjects, is also associated with delay. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating an association between KIR and MM onset age, independent from R-ISS or light chain type.

PMID:36918304 | DOI:10.1016/j.clml.2023.02.007

J Prosthodont. 2023 Mar 14. doi: 10.1111/jopr.13672. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the changes in intrapulpal temperature between electric high-speed handpieces of different coolant functions (‘Water Jet’ and ‘Water Spray’), coolant port designs (1- and 4-port), suction use and bur and tooth types using an experimental in vitro set-up.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four extracted anterior and posterior teeth were collected. A total of 18 groove cuts (n = 18/coolant port spray design, bur and tooth type group) and 12 groove cuts (n = 12/ tooth type and suction use) was completed, with a total of 264 groove cuts. Real-time temperature and duration was recorded at 1 s intervals throughout the preparation process using a thermocouple and digital data logger set-up (GFX Data Logger Series and EL USB-TC; Lascar Electronics Inc, USA), and the data retrieved using EasyLog Software (EasyLog USB; Lascar Electronics Inc, USA). Statistical analysis was performed (SPSS V.27) for the change in temperature using the ANOVA and post-hoc analysis.

RESULTS: The majority of the specimen cuts, regardless of tooth (anterior or posterior) and bur (diamond or carbide) type, handpiece coolant port design and suction use showed an overall decreasing trend in intrapulpal temperature. No cuts caused a mean temperature change that reached the critical temperature of 42.5°C, or resulted in an overall increase in intrapulpal temperature when the 60 s duration was completed.

CONCLUSIONS: The tested electric handpieces efficiently reduced intrapulpal temperature, with the majority displaying a decreasing trend. A greater decrease in intrapulpal temperature was observed in canines compared to premolars; carbide burs compared to diamond; and with no suction preparations compared to when suction was used. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:36918297 | DOI:10.1111/jopr.13672

Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2023 Mar 14:e9504. doi: 10.1002/rcm.9504. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

RATIONAL: Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is a prevalent complication of cardiac surgery, which may be associated with a great risk of developing chronic kidney disease and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the possible links between gut microbiota metabolism and CSA-AKI.

METHODS: A prospective cohort of patients who underwent cardiac surgery was continuously recruited, who were further divided into CSA-AKI group and Non-AKI group based on the clinical outcomes. Their faecal and plasma samples were collected before the surgery and were separately analysed by non-targeted and targeted metabolomics. The differential metabolites related to CSA-AKI were screened out using statistical methods, and altered metabolic pathways were determined by examining the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database.

RESULTS: Nearly 1000 faecal metabolites were detected through high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and bioinformatics at high and mid confidence levels, and 49 differential metabolites at high confidence level may perform essential biological functions and provide potential diagnostic indicators. Compared with the Non-AKI group, the patients in the CSA-AKI group displayed dramatic changes in gut microbiota metabolism, including amino acid metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, purine metabolism, and ABC transporters. Meanwhile, 188 plasma metabolites were identified and quantified by tandem MS, and 34 differential plasma metabolites were screened out between the two groups using univariate statistical analysis. These differential plasma metabolites were primarily enriched in the following metabolic pathways: sulphur metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, and ABC transporters. Furthermore, the content of indole metabolites in the faecal and plasma samples of the CSA-AKI group was higher than that of the Non-AKI group.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with CSA-AKI may have dysbiosis of their intestinal microbiota and metabolic abnormalities in their gut system before cardiac surgery. Thus, some metabolites and related metabolic pathways may be potential biomarkers and new therapeutic targets for the disease.

PMID:36918294 | DOI:10.1002/rcm.9504

J Dr Nurs Pract. 2023 Mar 1;16(1):54-61. doi: 10.1891/JDNP-2022-0003.

ABSTRACT

Background: COVID-19 hand hygiene recommendation had resulted in a hand eczema -exacerbation. The guidelines of care for the management of hand eczema recommend the use of educational interventions for patients. Objective: An educational intervention was designed to increase the patient’s knowledge of appropriate hand hygiene and improve the patient’s symptoms. Methods: The validated self-assessment patient-oriented eczema measure tool and pre- and post-tests were used to measure outcomes prior to educational intervention and again in 1-2 months postintervention. Of the 26 participants enrolled, 21 completed the study. The study included newly diagnosed or established patients with eczema, and the education material was available for all patients. Results: The difference between the average pretest and initial posttest was statistically significant (df = 20, P (T ≤ t) = 0.000663535, p < .05). Similarly, the difference between the average pretest and follow-up posttest was also statistically significant (df = 20, P (T ≤ t) < 0.001, p < .05). Participants also had a 2.04 mean point decrease in symptoms severity. Conclusions: The results demonstrated an improvement in patient’s knowledge and reduction in symptoms. Implications for Nursing: The program can serve as a new guideline for managing hand eczema symptoms due to COVID-19 in the adult population in the private office setting.

PMID:36918285 | DOI:10.1891/JDNP-2022-0003

J Dr Nurs Pract. 2023 Mar 1;16(1):3-8. doi: 10.1891/JDNP-2021-0018.

ABSTRACT

Background: The education of nursing students has changed radically during the COVID-19 pandemic, with more content being delivered virtually. With less face-to-face (F2F) contact with educators, content translation to real-world scenarios is diminished. Objective: To determine if an educational seminar using unfolding case studies will improve students’ understanding of concepts. Method: A pilot study of senior-level nursing students of an intensive unfolding case study application was conducted to focus on concept application. Results: Pre- and post-tests were compared with the increase in understanding of the focused topics, delegation, advanced directives, and safety, which was statistically significant (t[55] = 6.92, p < .001). Conclusion: Using real-world clinical problems through case studies facilitates understanding concepts and developing critical thinking skills/problem-solving abilities. The results of this study provide an impetus for the use of unfolding case studies to help nursing students understand leadership concepts.

PMID:36918280 | DOI:10.1891/JDNP-2021-0018

J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2023 Mar 14:JPET-AR-2022-001493. doi: 10.1124/jpet.122.001493. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a rising pandemic worldwide. Diet and lifestyle changes are typically the first intervention for T2D. When this intervention fails, the biguanide, metformin, is the most common pharmaceutical therapy. Yet, it’s full mechanisms of action remain unknown. In this work, we applied an ultrahigh resolution, mass spectrometry-based platform for untargeted plasma metabolomics to human plasma samples from a case-control observational study of non-diabetic and well-controlled T2D subjects, the latter treated conservatively with metformin or diet and lifestyle changes only. No statistically significant differences existed in baseline demographic parameters, glucose control, or clinical markers of cardiovascular disease risk between the two T2D groups, which we hypothesized would allow the identification of circulating metabolites independently associated with treatment modality. Over 3000 blank-reduced metabolic features were detected, with the majority of annotated features being lipids or lipid-like molecules. Altered abundance of multiple fatty acids and phospholipids were found in T2D subjects treated with diet and lifestyle changes as compared to non-diabetic subjects: changes that were often reversed by metformin. Our findings provide direct evidence that metformin monotherapy alters the human plasma lipidome independent of T2D disease control and support a potential cardioprotective effect of metformin worthy of future study. Significance Statement This work provides important new information on the systemic effects of metformin in type 2 diabetic subjects. We observed significant changes in the plasma lipidome with metformin therapy, with metabolite classes previously associated with cardiovascular disease risk significantly reduced as compared to diet and lifestyle changes. While cardiovascular disease risk was not a primary outcome of our study, our results provide a jumping-off point for future work into the cardioprotective effects of metformin, even in well-controlled type 2 diabetes.

PMID:36918276 | DOI:10.1124/jpet.122.001493

Heart. 2023 Mar 14:heartjnl-2022-321930. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-321930. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dietary modification is a cornerstone of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. A Mediterranean diet has been associated with a lower risk of CVD but no systematic reviews have evaluated this relationship specifically in women.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between higher versus lower adherence to a Mediterranean diet and incident CVD and total mortality in women.

METHODS: A systematic search of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science (2003-21) was performed. Randomised controlled trials and prospective cohort studies with participants without previous CVD were included. Studies were eligible if they reported a Mediterranean diet score and comprised either all female participants or stratified outcomes by sex. The primary outcome was CVD and/or total mortality. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted to calculate pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS: Sixteen prospective cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis (n=7 22 495 female participants). In women, higher adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with a lower CVD incidence (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.81; I²=39%, p test for heterogeneity=0.07), total mortality (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.80; I²=21%, p test for heterogeneity=0.28), and coronary heart disease (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.87; I²=21%, p test for heterogeneity=0.28). Stroke incidence was lower in women with higher Mediterranean diet adherence (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.01; I²=0%, p test for heterogeneity=0.89), but this result was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: This study supports a beneficial effect of the Mediterranean diet on primary prevention of CVD and death in women, and is an important step in enabling sex specific guidelines.

PMID:36918266 | DOI:10.1136/heartjnl-2022-321930

BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2023 Mar 14:spcare-2023-004200. doi: 10.1136/spcare-2023-004200. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:36918258 | DOI:10.1136/spcare-2023-004200