Category: Nevin Manimala

Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2023 May 4. doi: 10.1007/s00590-023-03567-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The addition of junctions in modular stems implies a greater susceptibility to corrosion.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to compare serum chromium and cobalt levels after using a bimodular stem and its monoblock counterpart in primary total hip arthroplasty. Postoperative clinical scores were also compared.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study between 2012 and 2015 was designed. One arm of the cohort included patients with the cementless modular neck stem H-Max M® and the other with the cementless monoblock stem counterpart H-Max S®.

RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found in chromium value between groups (p = 0.621) at two years postoperative. Cobalt value was higher in the modular group (p = < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was found in clinical postoperative scores except for the Harris Hip Score, with better results at six months in modular group (p = 0.007).

CONCLUSIONS: Higher serum cobalt level in the modular group has limited the use of modular stems in our daily practice. Advantages of modular stem were not found.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

PMID:37140672 | DOI:10.1007/s00590-023-03567-1

Nutr Cancer. 2023;75(4):1123-1131. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2178908. Epub 2023 Feb 21.

ABSTRACT

The first epidemiologic study was conducted to prospectively examine the association between Food Environment Index (FEI) and gastric cancer (GC) risk in the US. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results provided information on GC incident cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2015 from 16 population-based cancer registries across the US. The county-level food environment was assessed using the FEI, an indicator of access to healthy foods (0 is worst, 10 is best). Poisson regression was used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between FEI and GC risk adjusting for individual-level and county-level covariates. Higher levels of FEI were associated with a statistically significant reduced risk for GC (n = 87,288 cases; adjusted IRR for every score increase = 0.50, 95% CI 0.35, 0.70; P < 0.001; adjusted IRR for the medium vs. low category = 0.87, 95% CI 0.81, 0.94; and adjusted IRR for the high vs. low category = 0.89, 95% CI 0.82, 0.95). These results suggest that a healthy food environment, as measured by FEI, may be a protective factor for GC in the US. To reduce the GC incidence, further strategies to improve food environment at the county level are warranted.

PMID:37139870 | DOI:10.1080/01635581.2023.2178908

Hum Fertil (Camb). 2023 May 4:1-8. doi: 10.1080/14647273.2023.2200979. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

To investigate the potential effect of endometriosis on embryo development and clinical outcomes, a retrospective analysis of 716 women undergoing their first standard in vitro fertilization (sIVF) cycles (205 endometriosis and 511 with tubal factor infertility) was performed. The endometriosis group included women with an ultrasonographic or surgical diagnosis. Control subjects were women diagnosed with tubal factor infertility by laparoscopy or hysterosalpingogram. The primary outcome of the study was live birth. Cumulative live birth was also assessed in a subgroups analysis. After adjusting for confounders we found no significant difference in fertilization rate, blastulation, top-quality blastocyst, live birth, cumulative live birth (subgroups analysis) and miscarriage rate. In the endometriosis group, the number of retrieved oocytes was smaller (6.94 ± 4.06 Vs 7.50 ± 4.6, adjusted p < 0.05). We observed a statistically significant difference in the percentage of day-3 embryos with ≥8 blastomeres (33.12 ± 22.72 endometriosis vs, 40.77 ± 27.62 tubal factor, adjusted p < 0.01) and a negative correlation between the presence of endometriomas and a number of retrieved oocytes [B coefficient =-1.41, 95%CI (-2.31-0.51), adjusted p = 0.002]. Our results suggest that endometriosis affects the number of retrieved oocytes but not embryo development and live birth.

PMID:37139851 | DOI:10.1080/14647273.2023.2200979

Cult Health Sex. 2023 May 4:1-19. doi: 10.1080/13691058.2023.2201356. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Pacific young people living in Aotearoa New Zealand experience disparities in their sexual and reproductive health outcomes, thought to stem from cultural differences and educational inequities. Although these barriers have been characterised in literature, their influence on Pacific youth’s understandings of sexual and reproductive health have been relatively unexplored. This study investigated the sexual and reproductive health knowledge of Pacific students enrolled at a university in Aotearoa New Zealand in 2020 and where they gained this knowledge. The study used the theoretical framework of the (revitalised) Fonofale health model and was guided by the Kakala research methodology. Data were collected by means of an online survey comprised of open-ended questions and Likert scales, completed by eighty-one eligible students. Open-ended questions were analysed for general themes and responses to Likert scale items are reported using descriptive statistical analysis. The study found that Pacific youth have strong foundations of health knowledge that is heavily influenced by Polynesian cultural beliefs. Both formal and non-formal learning environments were important in developing participants’ health knowledge of these topics and for encouraging independent help-seeking behaviours. This is the first reported study to investigate the sexual and reproductive health knowledges of a pan-Pacific tertiary cohort of young people.

PMID:37139841 | DOI:10.1080/13691058.2023.2201356

J Orthod. 2023 May 4:14653125231172211. doi: 10.1177/14653125231172211. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Orthodontic discrepancies are a common finding in patients with supernumerary teeth (ST). The presence of a ST can cause a number of orthodontic discrepancies, such as delayed eruption or retention of adjacent teeth, crowding, spacing, abnormal root formation and so on. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of extraction of an anterior supernumerary tooth on the underlying orthodontic discrepancies without additional treatment for a 6-month period.

METHODS: This was a prospective, longitudinal, observational, study. It included 40 individuals with orthodontic malocclusions due to maxillary anterior supernumeraries. We examined the changes in the crowding and excessive space in the anterior and posterior segments on cast models.

RESULTS: In the group that presented with crowding, a statistically significant decrease of 0.95 ± 0.17 mm (P < 0.001) was found between T0 and T1. Of the participants, three exhibited full self-correction. The excessive space at T0 (3.06 mm) decreased by 1.78 ± 0.19 mm to T1 (1.28 mm) in the anterior segment. Seven patients showed full self-correction of the diastemas after the 6-month observation period.

CONCLUSION: The results imply that orthodontic treatment can be postponed for at least 6 months after the extraction of the supernumerary tooth as potential self-correction can be expected. This natural alleviation of the malocclusions may make the orthodontic treatment simpler, shorten the treatment time and decrease overall appliance wear time.

PMID:37139825 | DOI:10.1177/14653125231172211

GM Crops Food. 2023 Dec 31;14(1):1-8. doi: 10.1080/21645698.2023.2208997.

ABSTRACT

DP915635 maize was genetically modified (GM) to express the IPD079Ea protein for corn rootworm (Diabrotica spp.) control. DP915635 maize also expresses the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) protein for tolerance to glufosinate herbicide and the phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) protein that was used as a selectable marker. A field study was conducted at ten sites in the United States and Canada during the 2019 growing season. Of the 11 agronomic endpoints that were evaluated, two of them (early stand count and days to flowering) were statistically significant compared with the control maize based on unadjusted p-values; however, these differences were not significant after FDR-adjustment of p-values. Composition analytes from DP915635 maize grain and forage (proximates, fiber, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, anti-nutrients, and secondary metabolites) were compared to non-GM near-isoline control maize (control maize) and non-GM commercial maize (reference maize). Statistically significant differences were observed for 7 of the 79 compositional analytes (16:1 palmitoleic acid, 18:0 stearic acid, 18:1 oleic acid, 18:2 linoleic acid, 24:0 lignoceric acid, methionine, and α-tocopherol); however, these differences were not significant after FDR-adjustment. Additionally, all of the values for composition analytes fell within the range of natural variation established from the in-study reference range, literature range, and/or tolerance interval. These results demonstrate that DP915635 is agronomically and compositionally comparable to non-GM maize represented by non-GM near-isoline control maize and non-GM commercial maize.

PMID:37139798 | DOI:10.1080/21645698.2023.2208997

Ann Surg. 2023 May 4. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000005897. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate a predictive model to predict the risk of postoperative mortality after emergency laparotomy taking into account the following variables: age, age ≥ 80, ASA status, clinical frailty score, sarcopenia, Hajibandeh Index (HI), bowel resection, and intraperitoneal contamination.

SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The discriminative powers of the currently available predictive tools range between adequate and strong; none has demonstrated excellent discrimination yet.

METHODS: The TRIPOD and STROCSS statement standards were followed to protocol and conduct a retrospective cohort study of adult patients who underwent emergency laparotomy due to non-traumatic acute abdominal pathology between 2017 and 2022. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to develop and validate the model via two protocols (Protocol A and B). The model performance was evaluated in terms of discrimination (ROC curve analysis), calibration (calibration diagram and Hosmer-Lemeshow test), and classification (classification table).

RESULTS: One thousand forty three patients were included (statistical power = 94%). Multivariable analysis kept HI (Protocol-A: P=0.0004; Protocol-B: P=0.0017), ASA status (Protocol-A: P=0.0068; Protocol-B: P=0.0007), and sarcopenia (Protocol-A: P<0.0001; Protocol-B: P<0.0001) as final predictors of 30-day postoperative mortality in both protocols; hence the model was called HAS (HI, ASA status, sarcopenia). The HAS demonstrated excellent discrimination (AUC: 0.96, P<0.0001), excellent calibration (P<0.0001), and excellent classification (95%) via both protocols.

CONCLUSIONS: The HAS is the first model demonstrating excellent discrimination, calibration, and classification in predicting the risk of 30-day mortality following emergency laparotomy. The HAS model seems promising and is worth attention for external validation using the calculator provided.

PMID:37139796 | DOI:10.1097/SLA.0000000000005897

J Sports Sci. 2023 May 4:1-9. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2208998. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In this study, we investigated the relationship between age and performance in professional road cycling. We considered 1864 male riders present in the yearly top 500 ranking of ProCyclingStats (PCS) since 1993 until 2021 with more than 700 PCS Points. We applied a data-driven approach for finding natural clusters of the rider’s speciality (General Classification, One Day, Sprinter or All-Rounder). For each cluster, we divided the riders into the top 50% and bottom 50% based on their total number of PCS points. The athlete’s yearly performance was defined as the average number of points collected per race. Age-performance models were constructed using polynomial regression and we obtained that the top 50% of the riders in each cluster have a statistically significant (p < 0.05) higher peak performance age. Considering the best 50% of the riders, general classification riders peak at an older age than the other rider types (p < 0.05). For those top riders, we found ages of peak performance of 26.3, 26.5, 26.2 and 27.5 years for sprinters, all-rounders, one day specialists and general classification riders, respectively. Our findings can be used for scouting purposes, assisting coaches in designing long-term training programmes and benchmarking the athletes’ performance development.

PMID:37139786 | DOI:10.1080/02640414.2023.2208998

Twin Res Hum Genet. 2023 May 4:1-6. doi: 10.1017/thg.2023.16. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Whether the decline of birth weight (BW) reported in developed countries in the early 2000s is ongoing remains unknown. Furthermore, despite recent sharp increases in twin births, comparing secular trends of BW between singletons and twins is difficult, as studies have rarely examined secular trends of BW in twins and singletons simultaneously. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the most recent 20-year trends (2000-2020) of BW in twins and singletons in South Korea. Annual natality files from 2000 to 2020 obtained from the Korean Statistical Information Service were analyzed. A yearly decrease of BW was 3 g among singletons and 5 to 6 g in twins from 2000 to 2020, indicating a widening gap of BW between twins and singletons with increasing years. Gestational age (GA) also decreased in twins and singletons with yearly decreases of 0.28 days in singletons and 0.41 days in twins. Whereas BW decreased in term (GA ≥ 37 weeks), and very preterm groups (28 weeks ≤ GA < 32 weeks) from 2000 to 2020 in twins and singletons, it increased in moderate to late preterm (32 weeks ≤ GA < 37 weeks) groups, indicating a non-linear relationship between BW and GA. The prevalence of macrosomia (BW > 4000 g) in singletons decreased from 2000 to 2020, whereas low birth weight (LBW; BW < 2500 g) increased in twins and singletons. LBW is associated with adverse health outcomes. Effective public health strategies aiming at reduction in the incidence of LBW in the population should be developed.

PMID:37139778 | DOI:10.1017/thg.2023.16

PM R. 2023 May 4. doi: 10.1002/pmrj.12990. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Children with infantile hemiplegia with low or very low bimanual functional performance have great impediments to spontaneously use their affected upper limb, which affects their performance of day-to-day activities and their quality of life.

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of our study was to determine whether the order of application and the dose of modified Constraint Induced Movement Therapy within a combined (hybrid) protocol influences the results of bimanual functional performance of the affected upper limb and the quality of life of children with congenital hemiplegia (5-8 years old) with very low/low bimanual functional performance.

DESIGN: single-blinded randomized controlled trial.

PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-one children with congenital hemiplegia (5-8 years old) were recruited from two public hospitals and an infantile hemiplegia association in Spain.

INTERVENTIONS: The experimental group (n = 11) received 100 hours of intensive therapies for affected upper limb: 80 hours of modified Constraint Induced Movement Therapy and 20 hours of bimanual intensive therapy. The control group (n = 10) received the same dose with 80 hours of bimanual intensive therapy and 20 hours of modified Constraint Induced Movement Therapy. The protocol was provided 2 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 10 weeks.

OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was bimanual functional performance, measured with the Assisting Hand Assessment, and the second outcome was quality of life, measured with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Cerebral-Palsy module (PedsQL™ v. 3.0, CP module). Four assessments were performed: Week 0-4-8-10.

RESULTS: The experimental group obtained an increase of 22 AHA units at week 8 with the application of modified Constraint Induced Movement, in contrast with the control group, who obtained an increase of 3.7 AHA units after Bimanual Intensive Therapy. At week 10, the control group showed its greatest increase in bimanual functional performance, with 10.6 AHA units after modified Constraint Induced Movement Therapy. Regarding quality of life, the greatest improvement occurred after modified Constraint Induced Movement, with 13.1 points in the experimental group (80 hours), and 6.3 points in the control group (20 hours). The protocol interaction was statistically significant for bimanual functional performance (p = 0.018) and quality of life (p = 0.09).

CONCLUSIONS: modified Constraint Induced Movement Therapy is more beneficial than Bimanual Intensive Therapy to improve upper limb functioning and quality of life in children with congenital hemiplegia showing very low/low bimanual performance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:37139775 | DOI:10.1002/pmrj.12990