Category: Nevin Manimala

Biochem Genet. 2023 Apr 5. doi: 10.1007/s10528-023-10371-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The anti-inflammatory adipokine intelectin-1, which is encoded by the ITLN1 gene, is hypothesized to be linked to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the ITLN1 gene polymorphism rs2274907 on obesity and T2DM in Turkish adults. The impact of genotype on lipid profiles and serum intelectin levels in the obese and diabetes groups was also investigated. Randomly selected 2266 adults (mean age, 55.0 ± 11.7 years; 51.2% women) participating in the population-based Turkish adult risk factor study were cross-sectionally analyzed. The genotyping of rs2274907 A > T polymorphism was performed by using the hybridization probe based LightSNiP assay in real-time PCR. T2DM were defined using the criteria of the American Diabetes Association. Obesity was described as Body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m². Statistical analyses were used to investigate the association of genotypes with clinical and biochemical measurements. According to findings, there was no vital connection between the rs2274907 polymorphism and obesity, T2DM, or serum intelectin-1 level. The TA+AA carriers had significantly higher triglyceride levels (p = 0.007) compared with the TT carriers in both obese and T2DM women when adjusted for relevant covariates. ITLN1 rs2274907 polymorphism is not correlated with the risk of obesity and T2DM and not affect serum ITLN1 levels in Turkish adults. However, this polymorphism appears to be important in regulating triglyceride levels in obese and diabetic women.

PMID:37020118 | DOI:10.1007/s10528-023-10371-3

Sci Rep. 2023 Apr 5;13(1):5562. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-32781-4.

ABSTRACT

The control chart is the most valuable tool in the manufacturing process to track the output process in the industries. Quality specialists always want a visual framework that recognizes sustainable improvements in the monitoring processes. The efficiency of a control chart is increased by utilizing a memory-based estimator or by using any extra information relevant to the key variable. In this study, we present Extended EWMA (EEWMA) and EWMA based monitoring charts for observing the process location using moving average (MA) statistic under two different situations, i.e., when some extra information is known and unknown. We also propose an EEWMA control chart using Auxiliary Information. The output of these charts is evaluated and contrasted to the various existing charts on the basis of average run length (ARL). The comparison indicates that the proposed charts outperform rivals in identifying all types of shifts in the process location parameter. The implementation of these plans is also rendered to incorporate them in a practical situation.

PMID:37020111 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-023-32781-4

Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2023 Apr 5. doi: 10.1007/s10549-023-06903-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Women with preeclampsia are more likely to deliver preterm. Reports of inverse associations between preeclampsia and breast cancer risk, and positive associations between preterm birth and breast cancer risk are difficult to reconcile. We investigated the co-occurrence of preeclampsia/gestational hypertension with preterm birth and breast cancer risk using data from the Premenopausal Breast Cancer Collaborative Group.

METHODS: Across 6 cohorts, 3096 premenopausal breast cancers were diagnosed among 184,866 parous women. We estimated multivariable hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for premenopausal breast cancer risk using Cox proportional hazards regression.

RESULTS: Overall, preterm birth was not associated (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.92, 1.14), and preeclampsia was inversely associated (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.76, 0.99), with premenopausal breast cancer risk. In stratified analyses using data from 3 cohorts, preterm birth associations with breast cancer risk were modified by hypertensive conditions in first pregnancies (P-interaction = 0.09). Preterm birth was positively associated with premenopausal breast cancer in strata of women with preeclampsia or gestational hypertension (HR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.18), but not among women with normotensive pregnancy (HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.93, 1.28). When stratified by preterm birth, the inverse association with preeclampsia was more apparent, but not statistically different (P-interaction = 0.2), among women who did not deliver preterm (HR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.68, 1.00) than those who did (HR = 1.07, 95% CI 0.73, 1.56).

CONCLUSION: Findings support an overall inverse association of preeclampsia history with premenopausal breast cancer risk. Estimates for preterm birth and breast cancer may vary according to other conditions of pregnancy.

PMID:37020102 | DOI:10.1007/s10549-023-06903-5

ESMO Open. 2023 Apr 3;8(2):101205. doi: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101205. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Both acute and chronic symptoms of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) affect patients’ treatment dose and duration as well as quality-of-life. Hand/foot-cooling has been shown to reduce taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy but there is unclear evidence in the setting of oxaliplatin.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a monocentric, open-label phase II trial, patients with malignancies of the digestive system receiving oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive either continuous cooling of hands and feet using hilotherapy at 11°C during oxaliplatin infusion compared with usual care (no cooling). The primary endpoint was grade ≥2 neuropathy-free rate in 12 weeks after initiation of chemotherapy. Secondary endpoints included OIPN-related treatment alterations, acute OIPN symptoms and perceived comfort of the intervention.

RESULTS: The intention-to-treat population included 39 patients in the hilotherapy group and 38 in the control group. The grade ≥2 neuropathy-free rate at 12 weeks was 100% in the experimental group versus 80.5% in the control group (P = 0.006). This effect was persistent at 24 weeks (66.0% versus 49.2%, respectively) (P = 0.039). Next, treatment alterations-free rate at week 12 was 93.5% in the hilotherapy group compared with 83.3% in the control group (P = 0.131). Patients in the hilotherapy group experienced significantly less acute OIPN symptoms of numbness or tingling [odds ratio (OR) 0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02-0.11, P < 0.0001], pain (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.02-0.15, P < 0.0001) and/or cold sensitivity (OR 0.02, 95% CI 0.01-0.05, P < 0.0001) in fingers or toes as well as less pharyngeal cold sensitivity (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.05-0.42, P = 0.0005). The majority of patients in the hilotherapy group rated the intervention as neutral, rather comfortable or very comfortable.

CONCLUSIONS: In this first study on hand/foot-cooling in oxaliplatin alone, hilotherapy significantly reduced the incidence of grade ≥2 OIPN at 12 and 24 weeks. Hilotherapy also reduced acute OIPN symptoms and was generally well tolerated.

PMID:37018872 | DOI:10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101205

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2023 Apr 1;285:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.03.044. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Medical practice relies on reliable research observations. Whether such observations are true is traditionally tested by hypotheses and expressed with P-values. A strict P-value driven interpretation could potentially deny benefits of treatment.

OBJECTIVE: A strict P-value driven interpretation was compared to a context driven causality interpretation using the Bradford Hill Criteria to determine the clinical benefit of an intervention.

METHODS: We searched all randomised controlled trials in Women’s Health, published in five leading medical journals since January 2014. These were then scored using the 10 Bradford Hill Criteria for causation. Each component of the Bradford Hill Criteria was given a score from zero to three, resulting in a total score between zero and 30 for each article, converted into a decimal value. These scores were then compared to conclusions based on the p-value and conclusions drawn by the authors. For results discordant between Bradford Hill Criteria and P-values, we compared results with meta-analysis.

RESULTS: We found 68 articles for extraction of data. Of these, 49 (72%) showed concordance between Bradford Hill criteria and p-value driven interpretation, 25 (37%) of the articles reporting effectiveness (true positive), and 24 (35%) reporting no effectiveness (true negative). In eight (12%) articles, Bradford Hill criteria scores suggested effetiveness while p-values driven interpretation did not. Seven of those eight articles had p-values between 0.05 and 0.10. Out of these eight articles, six had a subsequent meta-analysis’ published on the intervention being studied. All six meta-analysis demonstrated effetiveness of the intervention.

CONCLUSIONS: In the interpretation of clinical trials, a context driven interpretation of causality may be more clinically informative than a strict P-value driven approach.

PMID:37018860 | DOI:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.03.044

J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2023 Mar 30;78:127165. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127165. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with progressive muscle wasting, paralysis, and respiratory failure. Whereas approximately 10-15 % of ALS cases are familial, the etiology of the remaining, sporadic ALS cases remains largely unknown. Environmental exposures have been suggested as causative factors for decades, and previous studies have found elevated concentrations of metals in ALS patients.

PURPOSE: This meta-analysis aims to assess metal concentrations in body fluids and tissues of ALS patients.

METHODS: We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases on December 7th, 2022 for cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies which measure metal concentrations in whole blood, blood plasma, blood serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), urine, erythrocytes, nail, and hair samples of ALS patients. Meta-analysis was then performed when three or more articles existed for a comparison.

FINDINGS: Twenty-nine studies measuring 23 metals were included and 13 meta-analyses were performed from 4234 screened entries. The meta-analysis results showed elevated concentrations of lead and selenium. Lead, measured in whole blood in 6 studies, was significantly elevated by 2.88 µg/L (95 % CI: 0.83-4.93, p = 0.006) and lead, measured in CSF in 4 studies, was significantly elevated by 0.21 µg/L (95 % CI: 0.01 – 0.41, p = 0.04) in ALS patients when compared to controls. Selenium, measured in serum/plasma in 4 studies, was significantly elevated by 4.26 µg/L (95% CI: 0.73 – 7.79, p = 0.02) when compared to controls.Analyses of other metal concentrations showed no statistically significant difference between the groups.

CONCLUSION: Lead has been discussed as a possible causative agent in ALS since 1850. Lead has been found in the spinal cord of ALS patients, and occupational exposure to lead is more common in ALS patients than in controls. Selenium in the form of neurotoxic selenite has been shown to geochemically correlate to ALS occurrence in Italy. Although no causal relationship can be established from the results of this meta-analysis, the findings suggest an involvement of lead and selenium in the pathophysiology of ALS. After a thorough meta-analysis of published studies on metal concentrations in ALS it can only be concluded that lead and selenium are elevated in ALS.

PMID:37018859 | DOI:10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127165

J Food Prot. 2022 Dec 17;86(5):100013. doi: 10.1016/j.jfp.2022.11.005. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Comparisons among a qPCR assay, VIDAS® assays and a conventional agar streaking method following the same enrichment for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes were performed under two challenging conditions. In the first comparison, L. innocua and L. monocytogenes were coinoculated into sausages at ratios (L. innocua-to-L. monocytogenes) of 10, 100, 1000, and 10 000. qPCR provided the most sensitive detection at all ratios after both 24-h and 48-h enrichments. A modified VIDAS® LMO2 assay (i.e., replacement of the kit-specified enrichment scheme with the enrichment scheme used in this study) and agar streaking yielded equivalent results when the ratio was 10 and 100; agar streaking was more sensitive when the ratio was 1000; neither method could detect L. monocytogenes at the ratio of 10 000. Enrichment duration of 48 h was needed for modified VIDAS® to detect L. monocytogenes when the ratio was 1000. Agar streaking after 24-h enrichment isolated L. monocytogenes better than after 48-h enrichment when the ratio was 100 and 1000. In the second comparison, we followed the validation guidelines of AOAC International and inoculated L. monocytogenes, without any L. innocua, onto lettuce and stainless-steel surfaces at low levels. The numbers of positive samples detected by qPCR, VIDAS® LIS assay, modified VIDAS® LMO2 assay, and agar streaking after 48-h enrichment were not statistically different. Our data showed that qPCR was the most sensitive method, while agar streaking and VIDAS® performed reasonably well. Streaking after 24-h enrichment was needed when background flora could overgrow L. monocytogenes during prolonged enrichment, and this is critical for confirming rapid screening assays. Appropriate selection of enrichment duration and rapid assays will enhance the testing of L. monocytogenes in food and environmental samples.

PMID:37018852 | DOI:10.1016/j.jfp.2022.11.005

Phytomedicine. 2023 Mar 20;114:154777. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154777. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The pathological progression of lung injury (LI) to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common feature of the development of lung disease. At present, effective strategies for preventing this progression are unavailable. Baicalin has been reported to specifically inhibit the progression of LI to IPF. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to assess its clinical application and its potential as a therapeutic drug for lung disease based on integrative analysis.

METHODS: We systematically searched preclinical articles in eight databases and reviewed them subjectively. The CAMARADES scoring system was used to assess the degree of bias and quality of evidence, whereas the STATA software (version 16.0 software) was used for statistical analysis, including a 3D analysis of the effects of dosage frequency of baicalin in LI and IPF. The protocol of this meta-analysis is documented in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022356152).

RESULTS: A total of 23 studies and 412 rodents were included after several rounds of screening. Baicalin was found to reduce the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, HYP, TGF-β and MDA and the W/D ratio and increase the levels of SOD. Histopathological analysis of lung tissue validated the regulatory effects of baicalin, and the 3D analysis of dosage frequency revealed that the effective dose of baicalin is 10-200 mg/kg. Mechanistically, baicalin can prevent the progression of LI to IPF by modulating p-Akt, p-NF-κB-p65 and Bcl-2-Bax-caspase-3 signalling. Additionally, baicalin is involved in signalling pathways closely related to anti-apoptotic activity and regulation of lung tissue and immune cells.

CONCLUSION: Baicalin at the dose of 10-200 mg/kg exerts protective effects against the progression of LI to IPF through anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways.

PMID:37018850 | DOI:10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154777

Shock. 2023 Apr 6. doi: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000002127. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Although the effects on hemodynamics of gasping during cardiac arrest (CA) have received a lot of attention, less is known about the respiratory mechanics and physiology of respiration in gasping. To investigate the respiratory mechanics and neural respiratory drive of gasping during cardiac arrest in a porcine model.

METHOD: Pigs weighing 34.9 ± 5.7 kg were anesthetized intravenously. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was electrically induced and untreated for 10 min. Mechanical ventilation (MV) was ceased immediately after the onset of VF. Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, pressure signals, diaphragmatic electromyogram (EMGdi) data, and blood gas analysis data were recorded.

RESULTS: Gasping was observed in all the animals at a significantly lower rate (2-5 gaps/min), with higher tidal volume (VT) (0.62 ± 0.19 L, p < 0.01), and with lower expired minute volume (VE) (2.51 ± 1.49 L/min, p < 0.001) in comparison with the baseline. The total respiratory cycle time and the expiratory time tended to be lengthened. Statistically significant elevations in transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi), the pressure-time product of diaphragmatic pressure (PTPdi), and the mean of root mean square EMGdi values (RMSmean) were observed (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, and p < 0.001, respectively); however, VT/RMSmean and Pdi /RMSmean were reduced at all time points. The partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) showed a continuous decline after VF to reach statistical significance in the 10th minute (9.46 ± 0.96 kPa, p < 0.001), while the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) tended to first rise and then fall.

CONCLUSIONS: Gasping during CA was characterized by high tidal volume, extremely low frequency and prolonged expiratory time, which may improve hypercapnia. During gasping, increased work of breathing and insufficient neuromechanical efficacy of neural respiratory drive (NRD) suggested the necessity of MV and appropriate management strategies for MV during resuscitation after CA.

PMID:37018832 | DOI:10.1097/SHK.0000000000002127

Dental Press J Orthod. 2023 Apr 3;28(1):e2321214. doi: 10.1590/2177-6709.28.1.e2321214.oar. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: It has been suggested that human errors during manual tracing of linear/angular cephalometric parameters can be eliminated by using computer-aided analysis. The landmarks, however, are located manually and the computer system completes the analysis. With the advent of Artificial Intelligence in the field of Dentistry, automatic location of the landmarks has become a promising tool in digital Orthodontics.

METHODS: Fifty pretreatment lateral cephalograms obtained from the Orthodontic department of SRM dental college (India) were used. Analysis were done by the same investigator using the following methods: WebCeph™, AutoCEPH© for Windows or manual tracing. Landmark identification was carried out automatically by Artificial Intelligence in WebCeph™ and with a mouse driven cursor in AutoCEPH©, and manually using acetate sheet and 0.3-mm pencil, ruler and a protractor. The mean differences of the cephalometric parameters obtained between the three methods were calculated using ANOVA with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine both reproducibility and agreement between linear and angular measurements obtained from the three methods and intrarater reliability of repeated measurements. ICC value of >0.75 indicated good agreement.

RESULTS: Intraclass correlation coefficient between the three groups was >0.830, showing good level of agreement, and the value within each group was >0.950, indicating high intrarater reliability.

CONCLUSION: Artificial Intelligence assisted software showed good agreement with AutoCEPH© and manual tracing for all the cephalometric measurements.

PMID:37018830 | DOI:10.1590/2177-6709.28.1.e2321214.oar