Category: Nevin Manimala

J Osteopath Med. 2022 Feb 14. doi: 10.1515/jom-2021-0206. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Management remains controversial due to the risk of upgrade for malignancy from flat epithelial atypia (FEA). Data about the frequency and malignancy upgrade rates are scant. Namely, observational follow-up is advised by many studies in cases of pure FEA on core biopsy and in the absence of an additional surgical excision. For cases of pure FEA, the American College of Surgeons no longer recommends surgical excision but rather recommends observation with clinical and imaging follow-up.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to calculate the pooled upgrade of pure FEA following core needle biopsies.

METHODS: A search of MEDLINE and Embase databases were conducted in December 2020. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. A fixed- or random-effects model was utilized. Heterogeneity among studies was estimated by utilizing the I2 statistic and considered high if the I2 was greater than 50%. The random-effects model with the DerSimonian and Laird method was utilized to calculate the pooled upgrade rate and its 95% confidence interval.

RESULTS: A total of 1924 pure FEA were analyzed among 59 included studies. The overall pooled upgrade rate to malignancy was 8.8%. The pooled upgrade rate for mammography only was 8.9%. The pooled upgrade rate for ultrasound was 14%. The pooled upgrade rate for mammography and ultrasound combined was 8.8%. The pooled upgrade rate for MRI-only cases was 27.3%.

CONCLUSIONS: Although the guidelines for the management of pure FEA are variable, our data support that pure FEA diagnosed at core needle biopsy should undergo surgical excision since the upgrade rate >2%.

PMID:35150124 | DOI:10.1515/jom-2021-0206

J Perinat Med. 2022 Feb 14. doi: 10.1515/jpm-2021-0429. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Instagram (IG) is becoming one of the larger resource tools within medicine. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is becoming important for programs to improve virtual presence and outreach. We evaluated the adoption of IG by OB/GYN residency programs in the United States and aimed to see if highly ranked programs had higher utilization rates.

METHODS: IG presence and engagement metrics were extracted for all ACGME accredited OB/GYN programs. Doximity residency navigator tool was used to obtain nationwide program rankings, and statistical analysis was performed to prove any significant correlation. Mann-Whitney U test, Cochran-Armitage test and Analysis of variance were used for analysis. IRB exemption was obtained.

RESULTS: Seventy percent of programs (202/287) have IG presence, with the majority creating presence after the COVID pandemic began (115/202; 57%). Seventy-two percent (83/115) of these programs created their IG account once virtual interviews were announced. The top 25% of programs, as ranked on Doximity, have a higher number of posts, followers and likes when compared to the rest of the programs.

CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased adoption of IG by residency programs. Highly ranked and reputed programs have higher rates of activity, popularity, and engagement on IG.

PMID:35150125 | DOI:10.1515/jpm-2021-0429

Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi. 2022 Jan 30;46(1):108-113. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-7104.2022.01.023.

ABSTRACT

To study an automatic plan(AP) method for radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery based on TiGRT system and and compare with manual plan (MP). The dosimetry parameters of 10 patients and the evaluation of scoring table were analyzed, it was found that the targets dose of AP were better than that of MP, but there was no statistical difference except for CI, The V5, V20 and V30 of affected lungs and whole lungs in AP were lower than all that in MP, the Dmean of hearts was slightly higher than that of MP, but the difference was not statistically significant, the MU of AP was increase by 16.1% compared with MP, the score of AP evaluation was increase by 6.1% compared with MP. So the AP could be programmed and automated while ensuring the quality of the plan, and can be used to design the plans for radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery.

PMID:35150120 | DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-7104.2022.01.023

Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi. 2022 Jan 30;46(1):10-15. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-7104.2022.01.003.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Exploring the effectiveness of using EEG linear and nonlinear features for accessing mental workload in different tasks.

METHODS: Working memory tasks with different information types and various mental loads were designed based on N-Back paradigm. EEG signals from 18 normal adults were acquired when tasks were being performed. Linear and nonlinear features of EEGs were then extracted. Indices that can effectively reflect mental workload levels were selected by using multivariate analysis of variance statistical approach.

RESULTS: With the increment of task load, power of frontal Theta, Theta/Alpha ratio, and sample entropies (scales>10) in parietal regions increased significantly first and decreased slightly then, while the power of central-parietal Alpha decreased significantly first and increased slightly then. No difference in power of frontal Theta, central-parietal Alpha, and sample entropies (scales>10) of parietal regions were found between verbal and object tasks, as well as between two spatial tasks. No difference of frontal Theta/Alpha ratio was found in all the four tasks.

CONCLUSIONS: The results can provide evidence for the mental workload evaluation in tasks with different information types.

PMID:35150100 | DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-7104.2022.01.003

Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi. 2022 Jan 30;46(1):21-27. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-7104.2022.01.005.

ABSTRACT

This study evaluates the static balance ability of human body based on lower limb rehabilitation robot.According to the balance parameters obtained from the movement trajectory of the center of human pelvis, SPSS statistical software was used to verify that there was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). Principal component analysis is used to allocate the weight of each parameter and establish the comprehensive evaluation value. The comprehensive evaluation value of the control group was 0.383±0.038, and the experimental group was 0.875±0.136. When the subject’s comprehensive evaluation value is between 0.739 and 1.011, it indicates the presence of balance dysfunction, and when it is between 0.345~0.421, it indicates that the balance of the lower limbs of the subject is normal. Experimental results show that this evaluation method can objectively and quantitatively reflect the static equilibrium state of human body.

PMID:35150102 | DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-7104.2022.01.005

J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2022 Feb 12. doi: 10.1111/jog.15167. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: We aim to establish a predictive model for the evaluation of fecundity based on infertility-related factors.

METHODS: A total of 410 expectant couples who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University on January 1, 2017 and June 10, 2019 were included in this study. The 1-year follow-up was carried out to investigate the pregnancy of the female. They were divided into model group and test group, respectively. The basic information, life behavior and clinical indices were screened using the Logistics regression analysis and LASSO regression analysis. In addition, the multivariate logistic regression was used to establish the model for the prediction of fecundity risk.

RESULTS: The risk factors for the predictive model included female age and occupational pressure, gynecological disease, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), depression, as well as male smoking. The area under the curve (AUC) for the model A and model B was 0.954 (0.931 ~ 0.978) and 0.955 (0.931 ~ 0.979), respectively. The AUC in the test group was 0.917 (0.869 ~ 0.965) and 0.921 (0.873 ~ 0.968). There were no statistical differences in the fitting value and measured values in the model group.

CONCLUSIONS: We established a predictive model for the evaluation of fecundity, which showed a satisfactory accuracy and discriminatory power.

PMID:35150044 | DOI:10.1111/jog.15167

Mol Genet Genomic Med. 2022 Feb 11:e1866. doi: 10.1002/mgg3.1866. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The genetic architecture of hearing impairment in Finland is largely unknown. Here, we investigated two Finnish families with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic symmetrical moderate-to-severe hearing impairment.

METHODS: Exome and custom capture next-generation sequencing were used to detect the underlying cause of hearing impairment.

RESULTS: In both Finnish families, we identified a homozygous pathogenic splice site variant c.637+1G>T in CAPB2 that is known to cause autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing impairment. Four CABP2 variants have been reported to underlie autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing impairment in eight families from Iran, Turkey, Pakistan, Italy, and Denmark. Of these variants, the pathogenic splice site variant c.637+1G>T is the most prevalent. The c.637+1G>T variant is enriched in the Finnish population, which has undergone multiple bottlenecks that can lead to the higher frequency of certain variants including those involved in disease.

CONCLUSION: We report two Finnish families with hearing impairment due to the CABP2 splice site variant c.637+1G>T.

PMID:35150090 | DOI:10.1002/mgg3.1866

Health Econ. 2022 Feb 11. doi: 10.1002/hec.4476. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Identifying individuals most at risk of HIV infection is a priority for policymakers. Apart from specific groups, however, little is known about how to identify those at high risk in the population. Research suggests that attitudes toward risk and time preferences may influence risky sexual behavior, but no studies have so far investigated the interplay between risk attitudes, time preference, and HIV infection. We collect data on risk and time preferences using hypothetical games (multiple price list method) at baseline and data on HIV status at baseline (2010) and endline (2012) allowing us to calculate incidence rate over a 2-year period among 675 participants, males and females 18-32 years old in Lesotho. We find robust evidence of a statistically significant positive associations between HIV incidence and prevalence and risk-loving attitudes, while the associations with risky behaviors and time preferences are not statistically significant. A measure of attitude toward risk, relatively easy to administer to individuals in a survey, is thus associated with future HIV status. This is an important finding for policymakers and suggests the importance of targeting HIV prevention programs to risk-loving individuals and therefore improving program efficiency.

PMID:35150024 | DOI:10.1002/hec.4476

Psychometrika. 2022 Feb 11. doi: 10.1007/s11336-021-09838-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The asymptotic posterior normality (APN) of the latent variable vector in an item response theory (IRT) model is a crucial argument in IRT modeling approaches. In case of a single latent trait and under general assumptions, Chang and Stout (Psychometrika, 58(1):37-52, 1993) proved the APN for a broad class of latent trait models for binary items. Under the same setup, they also showed the consistency of the latent trait’s maximum likelihood estimator (MLE). Since then, several modeling approaches have been developed that consider multivariate latent traits and assume their APN, a conjecture which has not been proved so far. We fill this theoretical gap by extending the results of Chang and Stout for multivariate latent traits. Further, we discuss the existence and consistency of MLEs, maximum a-posteriori and expected a-posteriori estimators for the latent traits under the same broad class of latent trait models.

PMID:35149979 | DOI:10.1007/s11336-021-09838-2

J Oral Rehabil. 2022 Feb 11. doi: 10.1111/joor.13312. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Sleep bruxism (SB) is a condition regulated centrally, with a multifactorial etiology, which can occur secondary to systemic disorders and use of certain medications.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify associations between sleep bruxism, obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and the use of antidepressants.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 240 individuals underwent a full-night polysomnography, for medical reasons. Anamnesis was performed to collect data about the use of antidepressants and general health conditions. Polysomnography was performed to analyze sleep data and assess respiratory-related events and apnea and hypopnea index (AHI). The polysomnographic assessment of sleep bruxism was performed, from electrodes placed on masseter muscles and chin. SB was defined by the presence of more than two events of rhythmic masticatory muscles activity (RMMA) per hour of sleep. Statistical analyzes were performed to compare the presence of SB and AHI, severity of OSAHS and use of antidepressants.

RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between bruxers and non-bruxers, when comparing AHI (48.28±25.84; p=0.001) and severity of OSAHS (p=0.015). Regarding the use of antidepressants, comparative analyzes did not shown correlations with bruxism (p=0.072). However, logistic regression suggests that the use of these medications may represent increased odds for SB development (OR=2.387; p=0.005).

CONCLUSION: The relationship between the use of antidepressants and SB remains inconclusive. SB is associated with OSAHS, mainly in its severe form. Therefore, identifying SB can raise the suspicion of the occurrence of other systemic disturbances.

PMID:35149999 | DOI:10.1111/joor.13312