Category: Statistics

Medicina (B Aires). 2026 Aug;86 Suppl 3:104-109.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to establish the linguistic validity of content on a scale based on DSM-5 criteria to evaluate symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents, aimed at parents and teachers. It is a psychometric instrumental research, which included the participation of nine experts in ADHD and a pilot test with fifteen parents and teachers, in order to adapt the instrument to the sociocultural characteristics of the Spanish-speaking population. The methodology used is rigorous and appropriate for the proposed objective. The V-Aiken coefficient was used to estimate the validity of content, considering values ≥ 0.80 as acceptable, and was complemented with a qualitative analysis of the expert comments and a pilot test with parents and teachers in order to evaluate the understanding and contextual adequacy of the items. Most of the items (72.2%) showed high inter-evaluative concordance, some required semantic and contextual adjustments. The conclusions support the validity of the scale content and its potential usefulness in future psychometric evaluations.

PMID:42659559

Medicina (B Aires). 2026 Aug;86 Suppl 3:97-103.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Sturge-Weber syndrome is a rare neurocutaneous disorder. The extent of leptomeningeal angioma has been associated with greater neurological severity.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation between clinical phenotype severity and neuroradiological findings in a cohort of patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive, longitudinal study of patients diagnosed between 2009 and 2024 who underwent contrast-enhanced brain MRI. Clinical variables included epilepsy, stroke-like episodes, status epilepticus, headache, hemiparesis, and academic difficulties. MRI findings (unilateral vs. bilateral angioma; supratentorial vs. supra- and infratentorial involvement) were correlated with clinical features. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test.

RESULTS: Twenty-two patients (3-16 years) were included. Epilepsy occurred in 91%, with a mean onset age of 6.6 months; 64% developed status epilepticus and 27% drug-resistant epilepsy. Among patients with bilateral leptomeningeal angioma, 67% developed drug-resistant epilepsy, with a median onset of 2 months. Stroke-like episodes were observed in 64% and migraine-like headache in 36%. MRI showed unilateral angioma in 86% and bilateral involvement in 13%; 23% had infratentorial extension.

CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort, early-onset epilepsy was highly prevalent. Bilateral leptomeningeal angioma and calcifications were associated with a more severe clinical phenotype, characterized by earlier seizure onset, higher rates of drug resistance, and cognitive impairment. Infratentorial involvement was also associated with increased intellectual disability.

PMID:42659558

Am Surg. 2026 Aug 27:31348261484510. doi: 10.1177/00031348261484510. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BackgroundThe Brain Trauma Foundation’s guidelines specifically highlight the need to determine optimal triage destination for moderate traumatic brain injury (modTBI) patients, particularly in rural settings where Level I trauma centers may be geographically distant.MethodsRetrospective cohort analysis utilizing sequential adult patients (≥18 years) with modTBI, defined by a field Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 9-13, admitted to two Level-1 trauma centers (2017-2024). Patients were divided into two groups based on initial triage: initial assessment at regional centers with subsequent transfer (n = 60) vs direct admission to Level I trauma centers (n = 148). Outcomes included hospital discharge disposition, hospital interventions, complications, and functional outcomes as measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) at six months. Statistical analysis involved chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests, with sensitivity analyses to address missing six-month follow-up data.ResultsBaseline injury severity and imaging findings were comparable between groups. The Transfer group had fewer surgical interventions (26.7% vs 52.7%, P < .002). There were no significant differences in hospital mortality (21.7% vs 14.2%, P = 0.27), home discharge (28.3% vs 34.5%, P = 0.49), or hospital complications (23.3% vs 29.7%, P = 0.40). At six months, Favorable outcomes (GOSE 5-8) were comparable between groups (65.9% vs 74.8%, P = 0.38), as were six-month mortality rates (16.7.% vs 8.8%, P = 0.16). Sensitivity analyses remained robust under most missing data assumptions.DiscussionInitial triage location did not significantly affect discharge disposition, complication rates, or six-month functional outcomes in modTBI patients. Hub-and-spoke triage appears safe for hemodynamically stable modTBI in rural trauma systems with established transfer networks.

PMID:42659542 | DOI:10.1177/00031348261484510

An Acad Bras Cienc. 2026 Aug 24;98(3):e20241458. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202620241458. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

Proper management of natural resources is essential to improve agricultural productivity and reduce potential losses. The PROJETA platform provides global climate models regionalized by the ETA model, enabling more accurate climate projections for specific regions. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of climate change on irrigation water demand using three global climate models (CANESM2, HADGEM2-ES, and MIROC5) regionalized by the ETA model for the baseline period (1961-2005) and two future scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). The scenarios were subdivided into three future periods and analyzed for 27 municipalities located in the Southern and Steppe regions of Rio Grande do Sul using the SWAP (Soil, Water, Atmosphere and Plant) model. The results indicate variations in irrigation water demand among models and scenarios. Some projections suggest an increase in irrigation requirements in certain municipalities, while others indicate a reduction when compared to the baseline period. The projected increase in water demand is mainly associated with rising temperatures, which may intensify crop transpiration and soil water evaporation. These findings highlight the importance of climate adaptation strategies and improved water resource management to support sustainable agricultural production under future climate conditions.

PMID:42659533 | DOI:10.1590/0001-3765202620241458

An Acad Bras Cienc. 2026 Aug 24;98(suppl 1):e20250485. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202620250485. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

Floods are among the most destructive natural disasters, necessitating accurate and timely prediction systems to mitigate their impact. This study evaluates the performance of two machine learning models, – K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks – in predicting daily water levels based on hydrological and meteorological data from the Wupper River in Wuppertal, Germany. The KNN model yielded the best accuracy (R2 = 0.97; MAE = 1.65; RMSE = 2.84). Owing to its lazy-learning nature, KNN incurs negligible training cost but requires full dataset storage and high computational effort during inference due to repeated distance evaluations. In contrast, the LSTM model (optimal window t = 1 day) reached R2 = 0.84, MAE = 4.19, and RMSE = 6.84. Unlike KNN, the LSTM forms an explicit parametric model during training – an expensive step – but produces fast predictions once deployed.

PMID:42659525 | DOI:10.1590/0001-3765202620250485

Braz Oral Res. 2026 Aug 21;40:e068. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2026.vol40.068. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

This prospective cohort study assessed the influence of contextual variables of the residential neighborhood on the pattern of preventive use of dental services among young adults from southern Brazil. The study was linked to a population-based cross-sectional survey carried out in 2018 that evaluated the oral health conditions of adolescents aged 15-19 years from Santa Maria, southern Brazil (n = 1,197). After a mean (± SD) period of 5 (± 0.5) years, 570 individuals were reassessed (response rate: 47.6%). Questionnaires collected sociodemographic characteristics, dental service use (including the reason for the last visit), and participants’ addresses. The outcome was the last dental visit for prevention, defined as positive responses at both baseline and follow-up. The main predictor variables were contextual neighborhood variables (mean income, percentage of literate inhabitants, percentage of residences with tap water, paved streets, sewerage system, and public lighting). Unadjusted and adjusted multilevel Poisson regression models were used to estimate relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Approximately one-quarter of participants reported that their last dental visit was for prevention (n = 151, 26.5%). After controlling for individual-level variables, participants living in neighborhoods with above-median income (RR=1.27; 95%CI: 1.04-1.55; p = 0.02), higher literacy levels (RR = 1.31; 95%CI:1.02-1.68; p = 0.03), greater proportion of paved streets (RR =1.28; 95%CI: 1.01-1.63; p = 0.04), or greater sewerage coverage (RR = 1.40; 95%CI: 1.05-1.85; p = 0.02) were more likely to report their last dental visit for prevention. In conclusion, this cohort study demonstrated that neighborhood-level variables influenced the pattern of preventive dental visits among young adults in southern Brazil.

PMID:42659520 | DOI:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2026.vol40.068

Braz Oral Res. 2026 Aug 21;40:e052. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2026.vol40.052. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate the survival outcomes of pediatric patients with head and neck (HN) rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) treated at a reference center in Brazil, comparing them with those of patients with non-head and neck (NHN) RMS. Additionally, it sought to identify the clinical-pathological variables, histological subtypes, and antineoplastic therapy regimens that significantly influence patient prognosis. The study included RMS patients treated between 1990 and 2022. Statistical analyses comprised t-tests, chi-square tests, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and Cox regression for overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and event-free survival (EFS). A total of 64 patients (60.9% male) were included, with head and neck tumors being the most common presentation. Prognostic factors associated with OS included age ≥ 10 years, intermediate-risk classification, tumor relapse, and surgery. DFS was significantly influenced by age ≥10 years and high-risk classification, while EFS was associated with lesion size, histological subtype, and radiotherapy. In conclusion, anatomical site was not a significant prognostic factor. Age and risk classification significantly influenced OS and DFS, while histological subtype emerged as an independent factor for EFS. This study, conducted at a reference center in Latin America with a 30-year history of care, provides clinically relevant insights by identifying specific prognostic factors for RMS in Brazilian pediatric patients. These findings enable comparisons with international data and contribute to planning health interventions.

PMID:42659518 | DOI:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2026.vol40.052

Endocr Relat Cancer. 2026 Aug 27:ERC-26-0286. doi: 10.1530/ERC-26-0286. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (panNENs) are rare endocrine malignancies with poorly defined risk factors, in contrast to the more common pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), for which non-O ABO blood group is a well-established susceptibility marker. To determine whether ABO and related glycosylation markers associated with PDAC risk extends to panNENs, we conducted a case-control study of 1,059 pathologically confirmed panNEN cases from the ANONYMISED HOSPITAL Biospecimen Resource for Pancreas Research and 33,018 cancer-free controls from the ANONYMISED HOSPITAL Biobank. Using germline genotype data, we inferred ABO blood group, FUT2-defined secretor status, and FUT3-defined Lewis antigen phenotypes, and calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, and ancestry principal components. ABO blood group was not associated with panNEN risk: compared with blood group O, the OR for non-O was 0.98 (95%CI: 0.87-1.11), with similarly null findings for blood groups A, B, and AB individually. Secretor status (OR=0.98, 95%CI: 0.84-1.14) and Lewis-positive phenotypes (OR=0.91, 95%CI: 0.75-1.13) were also not associated with risk, and no interactions were observed between blood group and secretor status or Lewis antigen phenotypes. Given our high statistical power to detect previously reported PDAC effect sizes for non-O blood group, these null findings are informative, indicating that the ABO-linked glycosylation, inflammatory, and host-microbe interaction pathways implicated in PDAC are unlikely to be major determinants of panNEN susceptibility. This study therefore sharpens the etiologic distinction between pancreatic exocrine and neuroendocrine cancers, redirecting panNEN research beyond PDAC paradigms toward alternative mechanisms of endocrine tumorigenesis.

PMID:42659511 | DOI:10.1530/ERC-26-0286

Rev Bras Enferm. 2026 Aug 21;79:e20250547. doi: 10.1590/0034-7167-2025-0547. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: to map and summarize the main applications of artificial intelligence in addressing interpersonal violence against vulnerable populations.

METHODS: a scoping review was conducted between December 2024 and February 2025 in the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases, as well as grey matter databases. Editorials, retractions, and studies of self-inflicted violence were excluded.

RESULTS: 750 texts were found. After applying the eligibility criteria, a sample of ten materials was obtained. The studies were grouped into the categories “Prediction and automated monitoring of violence”, “Decision support, technological innovation in health and social protection” and “Ethics, security, and social impact of artificial intelligence in vulnerable contexts”.

CONCLUSIONS: artificial intelligence models for addressing violence against vulnerable populations require verification, data protection, social governance and testing with a high level of evidence.

PMID:42659509 | DOI:10.1590/0034-7167-2025-0547

Rev Bras Enferm. 2026 Aug 21;79:e20250501. doi: 10.1590/0034-7167-2025-0501. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the application of the Nursing Process stages in women’s care in Primary Health Care.

METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2022 in 17 Basic Health Units across four Brazilian municipalities, involving 25 nurses and 92 medical records. A questionnaire was administered to nurses, and data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics with SPSS® software version 25.0. Medical records were read and analyzed.

RESULTS: the execution of the Nursing Process was partial, and all phases had incomplete records. Assessment and planning were the most prevalent, while nursing diagnosis, implementation, and assessment were the weakest.

CONCLUSIONS: incomplete Nursing Process records compromise the documentation of nursing work regarding patient care, potentially leading to ethical and legal implications for professionals. It is necessary to invest in training and foster professional interest in the Nursing Process application and recording.

PMID:42659507 | DOI:10.1590/0034-7167-2025-0501