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Nevin Manimala Statistics

The mediating role of physician trust in the relationship between medical mistrust and health-care system distrust

Cir Cir. 2024;92(1):46-51. doi: 10.24875/CIRU.23000102.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to determine the mediating role of physician trust in the relationship between medical mistrust and health-care system distrust.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The “Health Care Systems Distrust Scale”, which consists of 10 questions, the “Medical Mistrust Scale”, which consists of 17 questions, the “Physician Trust Scale”, which consists of 11 questions. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 26.0 program.

RESULTS: Health-care system distrust was positively correlated with medical mistrust and negatively correlated with physician trust. There was a negative relationship between medical mistrust and physician trust. Physician trust mediates the effect of medical mistrust on health-care system distrust. In other words, it was determined that the mediating effect of physician trust was significant.

CONCLUSION: Addition of physician trust to medical mistrust decreases the negative effects of health-care system distrust. Medical mistrust must be addressed at multiple levels of society, including government, policy, and health-care systems.

PMID:38537240 | DOI:10.24875/CIRU.23000102

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Nevin Manimala Statistics

Effects of different surgical treatments on pain, disability, anxiety and quality of life in lumbar disc herniation

Cir Cir. 2024;92(1):39-45. doi: 10.24875/CIRU.23000415.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the effects of microscopic microdiscectomy and microendoscopic discectomy on pain, disability, fear of falling, kinesiophobia, anxiety, quality of life in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH).

METHODS: A total of 90 patients who underwent microscopic microdiscectomy (n = 40) and microendoscopic discectomy (n = 50) for LDH were included in this study. The patients’ pain, disability, fear of falling, kinesiophobia, anxiety, and quality of life were evaluated before the surgery, in the early postoperative period and three months after.

RESULTS: In patients who underwent microendoscopic discectomy, the results of pain, disability, fear of falling, kinesiophobia and anxiety were statistically decreased compared with the microscopic microdiscectomy in the early postoperative period and three months later (p < 0.05). Also, a statistically higher increase was observed in the general health perception of patients who underwent microendoscopic discectomy three months after the operation (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSION: Microendoscopic microdiscectomy, remains the most effective and widely applied method with advantages on pain, quality of life, and improved physical functions.

PMID:38537237 | DOI:10.24875/CIRU.23000415

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Nevin Manimala Statistics

Risk factors for readmission after a cholecystectomy: a case-control study

Cir Cir. 2024;92(1):3-9. doi: 10.24875/CIRU.23000057.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors associated with 30-day hospital readmissions after a cholecystectomy.

METHODS: We conducted a case-control study, with data obtained from UC-Christus from Santiago, Chile. All patients who underwent a cholecystectomy between January 2015 and December 2019 were included in the study. We identified all patients readmitted after a cholecystectomy and compared them with a randomized control group. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify risk factors.

RESULTS: Of the 4866 cholecystectomies performed between 2015 and 2019, 79 patients presented 30-day hospital readmission after the surgical procedure (1.6%). We identified as risk factors for readmission in the univariate analysis the presence of a solid tumor at the moment of cholecystectomy (OR = 7.58), high pre-operative direct bilirubin (OR = 2.52), high pre-operative alkaline phosphatase (OR = 3.25), emergency admission (OR = 2.04), choledocholithiasis on admission (OR = 4.34), additional surgical procedure during the cholecystectomy (OR = 4.12), and post-operative complications. In the multivariate analysis, the performance of an additional surgical procedure during cholecystectomy was statistically significant (OR = 4.24).

CONCLUSION: Performing an additional surgical procedure during cholecystectomy was identified as a risk factor associated with 30-day hospital readmission.

PMID:38537233 | DOI:10.24875/CIRU.23000057

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Nevin Manimala Statistics

Comprehension and usefulness of Spanish language health information about depression treatment

Health Educ Res. 2024 Mar 27:cyae013. doi: 10.1093/her/cyae013. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

US Latine adults who prefer the Spanish language for healthcare encounter communication have high risk of health disparitiesm in part from low organizational health literacy, mental health stigma and discrimination. Latine organizational health literacy includes the provision of culturally responsive, language concordant health information, which supports good comprehension and could mitigate some health disparities. We conducted a pilot study to assess commonly provided patient health information handouts about depression treatment and antidepressant consumer medication information sheets. Thirty Latine adults with a Spanish language preference and a history of depression and antidepressant use participated in one phone interview. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to assess comprehension and usefulness of selected sections extracted verbatim from these documents. Overall, 83% (n = 25) participants reported that all sections were easy to understand and 97% (n = 29) said that they were useful. Yet, responses to open-ended questions for 53% (n = 16) of revealed ‘confusing’ terminology in at least one section, and 10% (n = 3) expressed concerns about or misunderstood an idiomatic phrase as reinforcing stigma. The organizational health literacy-based issues identified in this and previous studies require that government and health service organizations make necessary and timely revisions to address them.

PMID:38537222 | DOI:10.1093/her/cyae013

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Nevin Manimala Statistics

Toward Development of a Novel Proprioceptive Trail-Making Test: Comparing Healthy Dancers and Non-Dancers

Percept Mot Skills. 2024 Mar 27:315125241240891. doi: 10.1177/00315125241240891. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

There is a pressing need for ecologically valid versions of traditional neuropsychological tests indexing executive function (EF), such as the Trail-Making Task (TMT), that incorporate movement and bodily awareness in healthy participants with varying abilities. We designed a proprioceptive version of the TMT (pTMT) that involved coordinated gross motor movement and proprioceptive awareness to investigate whether this measure of visual attention, task switching, and working memory positively correlated with a computerized version of the TMT (the dTMT). We aimed to establish the initial validity of our proprioceptive TMT (pTMT) by comparing performances on the dTMT and pTMT among a cohort of 36 healthy participants (18 dancers, 18 non-dancers; M age = 22, SD = 5.27; 64% female) anticipating that dancers would express higher intrinsic bodily awareness than non-dancers. Results revealed a mild to moderate but statistically significant positive correlation between dTMT and pTMT completion times [part A: r (36) = .33, p = .04; part B: r (36) = .37, p = .03] and numbers of errors [part B: r (36) = .41, p = .01] across both participant groups. These data suggest partial measurement convergence between these two TMT versions. Relative to non-dancers, dancers exhibited a higher level of performance (likely due to their better proprioceptive ability) through their faster completion times on dTMT-B [t (34) = 3.81, p = .006, d = 1.27] and pTMT-B [t (34) = 2.97, p = .005, d = .99], and their fewer errors on dTMT-B [t (34) = 2.93, p = .006, d = 1.0]. By identifying cognitive differences between these different groups of healthy individuals, our data contribute to both a theoretical understanding and the initial development of gross motor movement-based cognitive assessments, providing a path toward the further refinement of an ecologically valid full-body TMT.

PMID:38537176 | DOI:10.1177/00315125241240891

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Nevin Manimala Statistics

Society’s Role in Addressing Mental Health, Grief Crisis: A Call for Public Support

Am J Public Health. 2024 Mar;114(S3):S236-S237. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307637.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:38537171 | DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2024.307637

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Nevin Manimala Statistics

Societal Mental Health Challenges: Advocating for a National Policy Response

Am J Public Health. 2024 Mar;114(S3):S239-S241. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307635.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:38537167 | DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2024.307635

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Nevin Manimala Statistics

Giredestrant for Estrogen Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative, Previously Treated Advanced Breast Cancer: Results From the Randomized, Phase II acelERA Breast Cancer Study

J Clin Oncol. 2024 Mar 27:JCO2301500. doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.01500. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare giredestrant and physician’s choice of endocrine monotherapy (PCET) for estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative, advanced breast cancer (BC) in the phase II acelERA BC study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04576455).

METHODS: Post-/pre-/perimenopausal women, or men, age 18 years or older with measurable disease/evaluable bone lesions, whose disease progressed after 1-2 lines of systemic therapy (≤1 targeted, ≤1 chemotherapy regimen, prior fulvestrant allowed) were randomly assigned 1:1 to giredestrant (30 mg oral once daily) or fulvestrant/aromatase inhibitor per local guidelines (+luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist in pre-/perimenopausal women, and men) until disease progression/unacceptable toxicity. Stratification was by visceral versus nonvisceral disease, prior cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, and prior fulvestrant. The primary end point was investigator-assessed progression-free survival (INV-PFS).

RESULTS: At clinical cutoff (February 18, 2022; median follow-up: 7.9 months; N = 303), the INV-PFS hazard ratio (HR) was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.60 to 1.10; P = .1757). In the prespecified secondary end point analysis of INV-PFS by ESR1 mutation (m) status in circulating tumor DNA-evaluable patients (n = 232), the HR in patients with a detectable ESR1m (n = 90) was 0.60 (95% CI, 0.35 to 1.03) versus 0.88 (95% CI, 0.54 to 1.42) in patients with no ESR1m detected (n = 142). Related grade 3-4 adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, and discontinuations due to AEs were balanced across arms.

CONCLUSION: Although the acelERA BC study did not reach statistical significance for its primary INV-PFS end point, there was a consistent treatment effect with giredestrant across most key subgroups and a trend toward favorable benefit among patients with ESR1-mutated tumors. Giredestrant was well tolerated, with a safety profile comparable to PCET and consistent with known endocrine therapy risks. Overall, these data support the continued investigation of giredestrant in other studies.

PMID:38537155 | DOI:10.1200/JCO.23.01500

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Nevin Manimala Statistics

Excitatory cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation boosts the leverage of prior knowledge for predicting actions

Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2024 Feb 28;19(1):nsae019. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsae019.

ABSTRACT

The cerebellum causally supports social processing by generating internal models of social events based on statistical learning of behavioral regularities. However, whether the cerebellum is only involved in forming or also in using internal models for the prediction of forthcoming actions is still unclear. We used cerebellar transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (ctDCS) to modulate the performance of healthy adults in using previously learned expectations in an action prediction task. In a first learning phase of this task, participants were exposed to different levels of associations between specific actions and contextual elements, to induce the formation of either strongly or moderately informative expectations. In a following testing phase, which assessed the use of these expectations for predicting ambiguous (i.e. temporally occluded) actions, we delivered ctDCS. Results showed that anodic, compared to sham, ctDCS boosted the prediction of actions embedded in moderately, but not strongly, informative contexts. Since ctDCS was delivered during the testing phase, that is after expectations were established, our findings suggest that the cerebellum is causally involved in using internal models (and not just in generating them). This encourages the exploration of the clinical effects of ctDCS to compensate poor use of predictive internal models for social perception.

PMID:38537123 | DOI:10.1093/scan/nsae019

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Nevin Manimala Statistics

Analyzing the Relationship Between Self-Efficacy in Protecting Against Substance Use and Loneliness in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Survey

J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2024 Apr 1:1-8. doi: 10.3928/02793695-20240322-02. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To analyze the relationship between self-efficacy in protecting against substance use and loneliness in adolescents.

METHOD: This descriptive, cross-sectional study comprised 400 adolescents. A Sociodemographic Data Form, Self-Efficacy for Adolescents Protecting Against Substance Abuse Scale (SEAPSAS), and Short-Form UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8) were used for data collection. Regression analysis and Pearson correlation analysis, as well as descriptive statistics, were used in data analysis.

RESULTS: Mean ULS-8 total score was 17.94 (SD = 5.07) and mean SEAPSAS total score was 68.78 (SD = 17.59). A weak significant negative relationship was found between mean ULS-8 total score and mean SEAPSAS subdimensions and total score. As a result of regression analysis, it was determined that ULS-8 total score negatively affected mean SEAPSAS total score by 24.9% (R2 = 0.249; B = -1.713; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Loneliness in adolescents, which was observed to negatively impact self-efficacy in protecting against substance use, should be addressed by psychiatric nurses through prevention activities and support programs and services, such as early detection and intervention. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].

PMID:38537106 | DOI:10.3928/02793695-20240322-02