Category: Statistics

ACS Nano. 2026 Jan 20. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5c19908. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Recently, nanocrystals in the regime of vanishing quantum confinement─termed bulk nanocrystals (BNCs)─have demonstrated optical gain characteristics. While their high-power lasing performance was demonstrated convincingly, the photophysics at low and intermediate powers─where charge-carrier populations are discrete─remain unexplored. Using single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array technology, we resolve the dynamics and energetics of six multicarrier excited states in individual CdSe/CdS core/shell BNCs, containing up to four electrons and two holes. Each state exhibits bimodal emission, indicative of thermal equilibrium between closely spaced electron and hole levels, confirmed via temperature-dependent single-particle measurements. Quantification of radiative and nonradiative decay channels reveals strongly suppressed Auger recombination through both the negative- and positive-trion pathways. We present a model that combines statistical scaling of rate constants with Fermi-Dirac thermal occupations of electron and hole levels, bridging the transitional regime between quantum-confined and bulk nanocrystals, and providing a comprehensive framework for understanding this emerging class of materials.

PMID:41558004 | DOI:10.1021/acsnano.5c19908

Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2026 Dec;22(1):2611475. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2025.2611475. Epub 2026 Jan 20.

ABSTRACT

The global rise in preterm infants presents specific challenges for hepatitis B prevention. Although hepatitis B vaccination is recommended, detailed understanding of immunogenicity patterns and influencing factors requires further investigation. We analyzed 699 preterm infants completing the hepatitis B vaccination series to assess immunogenicity via geometric mean concentration (GMC) and seroprotection rate (SPR). The regimen was highly immunogenic, with an overall SPR of 99.43% (GMC: 986.36 mIU/mL) and 95.28% of infants achieving high-level protection (anti-HBs ≥100 mIU/mL). Though SPR was consistently high across subgroups, notable GMC variations emerged: infants with gestational age <28 weeks markedly higher GMC (3,735.59 mIU/mL) than more mature subgroups. Statistically significant GMC differences were noted between immunization protocols, with uniform schedules yielding higher values (1,281.26 mIU/mL) than mixed approaches (691.91 mIU/mL; P < .001). Preterm infants of HBsAg-positive mothers maintained a high SPR (96.55%) despite a lower GMC (572.18 mIU/mL). This study confirms that hepatitis B vaccination induces a robust immune response at 1 to 2 months post-vaccination in preterm infants. Observed variations in antibody response magnitude related to vaccine expression system may inform optimization of initial vaccination strategies for preterm populations.

PMID:41557957 | DOI:10.1080/21645515.2025.2611475

J Med Internet Res. 2026 Jan 20;28:e78311. doi: 10.2196/78311.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Gender concordance (GC) between patients and physicians has been linked to trust and satisfaction in traditional health care. However, its role in telemedicine, especially in culturally complex settings like India, is underexplored. In India’s culturally diverse and gender-sensitive context, understanding GC becomes particularly relevant for specialties such as gynecology, dermatology, psychiatry, and urology, where discussions often involve intimate or stigmatized concerns. Despite rapid telemedicine expansion, little empirical evidence exists on whether GC affects patient-reported outcomes in this context.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether GC significantly influences patient satisfaction and self-reported recovery in teleconsultations across India, with a focus on specialty-specific effects in culturally sensitive specialties.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 286,196 anonymized teleconsultation records from a national telemedicine platform (January 2023-December 2024) spanning across 20 medical specialties using binary logistic regression. Records missing gender or satisfaction data were excluded from the analysis; recovery analyses included only consultations with completed day-21 follow-up surveys (n=1170, 0.4%). Outcomes included patient satisfaction (ratings 4-5 on a five-point scale) and self-reported recovery at follow-up. Logistic regression models (Stata 17.0) tested associations between GC and outcomes, controlling for consultation time, duration, and physician experience. Subgroup analyses were conducted for the top 5 specialties. Each record included key data on consultation duration, timing, physician experience, specialty type, patient satisfaction rating, and self-reported recovery status. The study excluded the pediatrics specialty from the analysis to control for the parental bias.

RESULTS: Of the 286,196 consultations, 164,008 (60.4%) were gender-concordant. Overall, 261,213 of 286,196 (91.3%) patients reported good satisfaction. GC had a statistically significant negative association with patient satisfaction (odds ratio [OR] 0.87, 95% CI 0.85-0.90; P<.001). Across gender, the male doctor received higher satisfaction. In gynecology, female patient-female doctor pairs had significantly higher odds of reporting recovery (OR 4.53, 95% CI 0.8-25.3; P=.099). Overall, consultation timing (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.998-0.999; P<.001) and patient satisfaction (OR 20.13, 95% CI 12.06-35.38; P<.001) were stronger predictors of self-reported recovery than GC.

CONCLUSIONS: GC in telemedicine has a context-dependent impact. While it does not independently predict clinical recovery, it meaningfully shapes patient satisfaction. These findings highlight that gender sensitivity training and context-specific communication approaches may enhance telemedicine experiences in culturally sensitive domains. Integrating awareness of gender dynamics into telehealth design and policy could strengthen patient trust and engagement in virtual care. Future research should explore specialty-specific dynamics and improve follow-up response rates to better assess clinical outcomes.

PMID:41557951 | DOI:10.2196/78311

JMIR Form Res. 2026 Jan 20;10:e59474. doi: 10.2196/59474.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Tooth decay is an important public health concern affecting individuals of all ages. Dietary intake is critical to tooth decay prevention as both the types of foods and beverages consumed and how food and beverages are consumed (eg, frequency) can impact risk. Foods and beverages can both protect against and promote tooth decay.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore information targeted to the public on diet and tooth decay available from websites of professional organizations and regulatory bodies in Canada and the readability of this information.

METHODS: Canadian websites of regulatory bodies and professional organizations for dietitians, oral health professionals, nurses, and physicians in Canada were thoroughly searched by 2 researchers (MF and JL) from June to August 2020 for information related to diet and tooth decay targeted to the public. Web pages were downloaded and underwent content analysis using NVivo software (version 12; QSR International). For each website, approximately 2 web pages focused on diet and tooth decay were selected to undergo readability testing.

RESULTS: Overall, 213 web pages from 23 websites were found to contain information on diet and tooth decay. Of the 23 websites analyzed, 12 (52%) were from dental organizations, 7 (30%) from dental hygiene organizations, and only 1 (4%) from a dietitian organization. Messaging was present on numerous web pages focusing on diet and tooth decay and those that have other focuses (eg, oral hygiene tips for infants and children and general oral health tips). Messaging depth varied across all web pages, ranging from general advice (eg, consume a “healthy diet”) to specific recommendations (eg, amount of juice to consume per day). Many web pages targeted parents and school-aged children; fewer web pages targeted other age groups (eg, adolescents and older adults). Three major themes were identified: Foods, Beverages, and Behaviors to Limit; Foods, Beverages, and Behaviors to Choose; and Mixed and Other Unclear Messages. The most frequently discussed topic was sugar (mentioned in 67% of web pages). Sugar was often discussed in the context of limitation, infant feeding, and strategies for tooth-friendly consumption. The average Flesch-Kincaid grade level was 7.1 (SD 1.8), which exceeds the grade 6-level recommendation.

CONCLUSIONS: This analysis of web pages found that diet and tooth decay was heavily discussed throughout websites for Canadian health professional organizations, with many web pages targeting parents and school-aged children. The readability of many analyzed web pages was above the recommended grade 6 reading level. The development of comprehensive national guidelines related to diet and tooth decay would be helpful to ensure that consistent and clear messaging is available on this topic.

PMID:41557943 | DOI:10.2196/59474

Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2026 Jan 1;81(1):25-26. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000001486. Epub 2026 Jan 19.

ABSTRACT

Mitochondrial dysfunction can cause a multitude of systemic diseases, and thus, the origin of such dysfunction is of great interest to many clinicians and researchers. Part of mitochondrial dysfunction can be explained by mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which can be measured both in somatic and germline cells. As the average maternal age continues to increase, determining if mutations in mtDNA increase with age is an important aspect of reproductive health care. This study was designed to assess the frequency of de novo mutations in mtDNA in oocytes based on age, compared with the frequency of mutations in somatic cells. This study used high-quality, full-length mtDNA sequences for 22 individuals between the ages of 20 and 42, obtaining samples from blood, saliva, and oocytes. Duplex sequencing was used to identify variants in mtDNA; median mtDNA enrichment was 85.4%, 0.7%, and 4.0% and a median duplex consensus sequence (DCS) depth of 1440X, 78X, and 158X for oocytes, blood, and saliva, respectively. There were 3525 high-confidence variants identified across all samples. Across age groups and geographic regions, there were significantly fewer mutations in oocytes compared with blood and saliva. When predicting the probability of a mutation in mtDNA as a function of age, there were significant increases in mutation frequency in blood and saliva, but not in oocytes (P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.688, respectively). Comparing different age groups, mutation frequency was higher in blood and saliva in older women compared with younger women, but there was no significant difference in oocyte mutation frequency. Within oocyte mtDNA, mutations were more frequent in the D-loop than in the “coding region” for each age group, consistent with previous literature. This remained true in several different analyses of regions of mtDNA, though no significant differences were found related to age. A total of 109 de novo mutations were located at confirmed disease-associated sites, with 32 variants in 29 positions. Lower proportions of disease-related mutations were present in oocytes compared with blood or saliva, suggesting preferential selection for oocytes against mutations. Hotspots for variants were identified in each type of cell, showing 58 sites overlapping between cell types; 40 of these were in the D-loop, 4 in rRNA, 4 in tRNA, and 10 in protein-coding regions. This supports the previous finding of high mutation frequency in the D-loop for oocytes. These results indicate that there is no increase in mutation frequency in oocytes as women age, though there was an increase in mutation frequency in both blood and saliva. This contrasts with previous literature in animal models that showed either continuous increases in mutation frequency with age or increases up to a certain age after which there was a plateau. The age group of this study was limited to 20-42, meaning that there could be an increase in mutation frequency that occurs either before or after this time period in humans. This is the first study to use duplex sequencing, and thus the most accurate to date in terms of pinpointing variants and mutation sites. Future research should focus on validating these results with similar methods as well as implementing duplex sequencing of pedigrees to form a more complete picture.

PMID:41557930 | DOI:10.1097/OGX.0000000000001486

Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2026 Jan 1;81(1):18-19. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000001482. Epub 2026 Jan 19.

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in the United States is estimated at 3%, with around 300,000 patients undergoing surgical correction of POP annually. Surgical correction of POP often includes hysterectomy, and a potential risk of this procedure is unexpected pathology. Previous literature has shown the risk of premalignancy or malignancy in patients having procedures for benign indications to be 0.22% to 2.6%; understanding this risk is important when counseling patients as well as when considering preservation of the uterus. There is limited evidence, however, surrounding the rate of abnormal pathology at POP repair for racially and ethnically diverse populations. Preliminary evidence has suggested that rates may be higher in racial or ethnic subgroups, and this study was designed to assess this possibility. The purpose of this study was to provide a rate for abnormal uterine, cervical, fallopian tube, and ovarian pathology in a diverse population of nononcologic patients undergoing surgery for symptomatic POP. This was a retrospective study using data from an urban academic medical center. Inclusion criteria were patients above the age of 18 undergoing hysterectomy for POP between January 2018 and June 2023. Exclusion criteria were a primary indication for hysterectomy that did not include POP, patients who did not have a hysterectomy, patients who only received care from a benign gynecologist, and patients who had a known premalignant or malignant gynecologic lesion. The final analysis included 229 patients without a known premalignancy or malignancy before hysterectomy for POP. This cohort included 36% Hispanic individuals, 17% non-Hispanic Black individuals, and 38% non-Hispanic White individuals. A total of 75% of patients were postmenopausal, and ~23% had experienced abnormal bleeding. Incidence of unexpected pathology was 1.7%. Patients with abnormal findings included 2 patients with endometrial carcinoma (1 non-Hispanic black, 1 non-Hispanic White) and 2 patients with cervical dysplasia (1 non-Hispanic White, 1 Hispanic). These results indicate that the rate of unexpected malignancy was 1.7% in this cohort, much higher than the expected rate of 0.9%. This risk estimate may be useful in counseling patients who desire uterine preservation when undergoing surgical reconstruction for POP. Previous recommendations have indicated that in asymptomatic individuals, endometrial biopsy or evaluation is not necessary due to the low risk of unexpected malignancy, but if there is suspicion, such as abnormal uterine bleeding, greater age, menopausal status, hypertension, anemia, or weight loss, then endometrial assessment should be considered. This study’s estimated risk of unexpected malignancy does not necessarily impact these recommendations, but does emphasize that care should be taken to assess all symptoms and counsel patients accordingly. Future research should focus on characterizing risks and benefits of uterine preservation in all ethnic and racial groups, and on estimating possible elevated risks in these groups.

PMID:41557925 | DOI:10.1097/OGX.0000000000001482

Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2026 Jan 1;81(1):12-14. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000001485. Epub 2026 Jan 19.

ABSTRACT

The sex chromosome trisomies (SCT), including XXY, XYY, and XXX, are common chromosomal aneuploidies associated with increased risk for early developmental delays and later neurodevelopmental disorders. Precise data on the timing and variability of early milestones in this population remain limited, so despite rising rates of prenatal SCT diagnosis, clinicians and families lack clear, evidence-based expectations for early motor and language development. This study aims to quantify the spectrum of early developmental milestones in infants with SCT and compare their timing with well-established standards for unaffected children to better contextualize early developmental risk. This analysis used data from the eXtraordinarY Babies Natural History Study, a prospective cohort of prenatally identified infants with SCT followed from infancy through early childhood. Between 2 and 36 months of life, parents reported easily observable gross motor and expressive language milestones, and clinicians validated these findings at regularly scheduled study visits as part of a broader assessment of development and health trajectories. A total of 12 milestones were collected for each participant: 8 gross motor skills and 4 expressive communication milestones. To compare these values with a normative reference group, data were retrieved from the Denver II Scales, the WHO Motor Development Study, and the Primitive Reflex Profile. Analyses assessed the median age of acquisition, variance, and differences across SCT karyotypes, as well as the proportion of children who fell outside CDC milestone expectations. Among 298 infants with SCT (174 with XXY, 50 with XYY, and 74 with XXX), results showed a later median age of acquisition for 9 of the 12 milestones evaluated, including rolling front to back, sitting, cruising, walking, running, cooing, babbling, first words, and 2-word phrases. There was also greater variance in milestone timing for the SCT group compared with the reference population, with extended upper percentiles across most skills indicating a wider range of typical achievement. While these delays were statistically significant, there was considerable overlap between the SCT group and the general pediatric population, and only a minority of infants met the CDC criteria for developmental delay. Differences across SCT karyotypes were small and generally not significant, although children with XXY achieved several skills slightly earlier than those with XYY or XXX. These findings provide an evidence-based schedule for early motor and language milestones in infants with SCT to aid early childhood surveillance and counseling. The later median age of acquisition and greater variability observed across all SCT conditions support the need for periodic developmental assessment beyond guidelines for the general population to identify children requiring additional support earlier. Although many infants with SCT will experience developmental trajectories similar to unaffected peers, this study shows that they remain at higher developmental risk and may benefit from increased monitoring, clearer parent guidance, and earlier referral for intervention when indicated.(Abstracted from Pediatrics (2025) 156 (2): e2024068773. doi: 10.1542/peds.2024-068773.).

PMID:41557922 | DOI:10.1097/OGX.0000000000001485

Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2026 Jan 1;81(1):7-8. doi: 10.1097/01.ogx.0001179552.76476.7c. Epub 2026 Jan 19.

ABSTRACT

The number of births achieved through a gestational carrier has been increasing. Yet few studies have looked at the mental health outcomes for gestational carriers. Pregnancy increases vulnerability to mental illness, and population-based data suggest that gestational carriers have higher rates of severe maternal morbidity than women in traditional pregnancies. Current guidelines emphasize selecting gestational carriers with stable family supports and requiring psychological evaluation before pregnancy, as up to half of women with prior severe mental illness relapse during pregnancy or postpartum. Risk factors for gestational carriers include emotional separation from the newborn, relationships with intended parents, and societal scrutiny. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of new-onset mental illness among gestational carriers compared with women who conceived unassisted and those who conceived using in vitro fertilization (IVF). This was a population-based study of births >20 weeks of gestation in women between 18 and 50 years of age from 2012 through 2021 in a universal health care system in Ontario, Canada. Excluded were women with a history of an infertility diagnosis or prior mental illness, and a medical condition that would preclude them from selecting a gestational carrier. The primary outcome was new-onset mental illness, such as a mood disorder, anxiety disorder, psychosis, substance use disorder, self-harm event, or other mental illness, based on ≥2 outpatient visits or ≥1emergency department visit or hospital admission. A total of 767,406 pregnancies were included in the analysis. Of these, 97.6% were conceived unassisted, 2.3% conceived by IVF, and 0.1% used a gestational carrier. Gestational carriers were more likely to be parous [91.2% vs. 57.9% (unassisted conception) and 34.1% (IVF)] and live in lower-income areas [23.4% vs. 21.9% (unassisted) and 12.1% (IVF)]. They also have a higher rate of obesity [36.1% vs. 17% (unassisted) and 17.1% (IVF)] and chronic hypertension [3.2% vs. 1.6% (unassisted) and 2.9% (IVF)]. After a median (IQR) follow-up of 4.5 (2.3 to 7.2) years, new-onset mental illness occurred in 236 gestational carriers compared with 195,022 women who conceived unassisted [6.9 vs. 5.2 per 100 person-years; incidence rate ratios (IRRs), 1.43; 95% CI, 1.26 to 1.63) and with 4704 women receiving IVF (6.9 vs. 5.0 per 100 person-years; adjusted IRR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.47). The median (IQR) time from the estimated date of conception to a diagnosis of mental illness was 2.39 (1.11 to 4.19) years for gestational carriers versus 2.29 (1.02 to 4.34) years for those who conceived unassisted and 2.72 (1.11 to 4.82) years for those who used IVF. In conclusion, gestational carriers are more likely to be diagnosed with mental illness than women who conceive unassisted or use IVF. This study highlights the importance of enhanced mental health screening and support for gestational carriers.(Abstracted from: JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(7):e2523428.).

PMID:41557919 | DOI:10.1097/01.ogx.0001179552.76476.7c

Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2026 Jan 1;81(1):5-7. doi: 10.1097/01.ogx.0001179548.39409.03. Epub 2026 Jan 19.

ABSTRACT

Preeclampsia affects ~8% of pregnancies and is a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. From 2007 to 2019, rates of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, doubled in the United States. This trend coincides with a rise in maternal mortality, which is now the highest among high-income nations. These statistics support the need to develop risk stratification tools that help to prevent and treat preeclampsia. Efforts to develop these risk assessments have not been successful in reproductive medicine, especially for preeclampsia. The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has recommended a risk-based approach using clinical and demographic factors and, for individuals at increased risk, treatment with low-dose aspirin prophylaxis (AP) starting at 12 weeks of gestation. The aim of this study was to assess the proportions of a racially and geographically diverse population classified as low, moderate, or high risk for preeclampsia according to USPSTF criteria. This was a prospective cohort study conducted at 11 medical centers across the United States or through direct recruitment via social media. Included were individuals with singleton pregnancies who were 18 years or older and enrolled in the study before 22 weeks’ gestation between July 2020 and March 2023. Participants were classified as high risk if they had at least 1 high-risk condition based on the USPSTF criteria. Participants were classified as moderate risk if they had ≥1 moderate risk factors but no high risk factors (moderate +1 risk category); this group was further subdivided into 2 categories: moderate 1 risk (defined as those with only 1 moderate risk factor) and moderate 2+ risk (those with ≥2 moderate risk factors). Those in the low-risk category had no high or moderate risk factors. AP recommendation with or without a prescription was the effect modification. The primary outcome was preeclampsia. A total of 5684 people were included in the analysis. The study population was identified as Asian (4.7%), black (21%), Hispanic (17.4%), white (48.6%), and other (8.3%). About 12% and 11% of participants were diagnosed with preeclampsia and gestational hypertension that progressed to preeclampsia, respectively. There were 18.5% in the high-risk category and 11.2% in the low-risk category. Approximately 70.3% were in the moderate +1 risk category, which was subdivided into the moderate risk 1 category (34.4%) and the moderate risk 2+ category (35.9%). While the incidence of preeclampsia varied by race, limited information was gleaned for sensitivity and specificity. A significantly increased risk of preeclampsia was observed in those with prior preeclampsia [risk ratio (RR), 1.44; 95% CI, 1.25-1.65; P<0.001] or chronic hypertension (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.10-1.44; P=0.001). Much of the statistical significance was lost for moderate risk factors, and none of the racial categories were associated with increased risk. About 47% of participants with ≥1 risk factor received an AP recommendation. Those with a history of preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, diabetes, or a combination of these conditions before pregnancy were more likely to receive an AP recommendation. In conclusion, the USPSTF criteria for assessing the risk of developing preeclampsia were found to be associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia. The USPSTF risk assessment, examining the moderate risk for preeclampsia, was more weakly associated, and recommendations for AP were more effectively initiated in both high- and low-risk categories. (Abstracted from JAMA Network Open. 2025;8:32521792.).

PMID:41557918 | DOI:10.1097/01.ogx.0001179548.39409.03

Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2026 Jan 1;81(1):1-2. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000001488. Epub 2026 Jan 19.

ABSTRACT

Obesity is an important risk factor for adverse birth outcomes. Its prevalence has steadily increased over the past decades, with nearly half of pregnant women in the United States considered overweight or obese in 2019. A higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with an elevated risk of stillbirth, and obesity is associated with chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and other comorbidities that are independent risk factors for stillbirth and perinatal death. Because of these risks, earlier delivery for women with high BMI is being considered; however, the data on specific risks related to gestational age (GA) are limited. Currently, recommendations for women with high BMI differ across professional bodies. The Canadian Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists recommends delivery at 39 to 40 weeks’ gestation for women with extreme obesity and at 38 to 40 weeks’ gestation for those with chronic hypertension. In contrast, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists provide no GA-specific recommendations for obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and GA-specific risk of stillbirth, and whether chronic hypertension modifies these associations.This was a retrospective cohort study, using data from the National Center for Health Statistics on women who had a singleton live- or stillbirth at ≥20 weeks’ gestation between 2016 and 2017. Excluded were live births and fetal deaths at <20 or ≥43 weeks of gestation and women with missing data on pre-pregnancy BMI. The primary and secondary outcomes were stillbirth and perinatal death, respectively. The primary exposure was pre-pregnancy BMI. BMI categories included underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5 to <25 kg/m2), overweight (25 to <30 kg/m2), obesity class I (30 to <35 kg/m2), obesity class II (35 to <40 kg/m2), and obesity class III (≥40 kg/m2). Chronic hypertension was evaluated as a modifier on the relationship between BMI and GA-specific stillbirth.A total of 7,365,797 women were included in the study, with 3.5% classified as underweight, 43.9% as normal weight, 26.1% as overweight, 14.5% as obesity class I, 7% as class II, and 5% as class III. Women with elevated BMI had higher rates of chronic hypertension and pre-pregnancy diabetes mellitus. They were also more likely to deliver at an earlier GA. While the stillbirth rate among those at normal weight was 3.86 per 1000 total births, the rate increased with elevated BMI both with and without hypertension. Overall, women who also had chronic hypertension had a higher stillbirth rate in all BMI categories, with the highest rate of perinatal death among underweight women (27.6 per 1000 total births).Women without hypertension saw an increase in the GA-specific risk of stillbirth and perinatal death after 37 weeks of gestation. Regardless of whether hypertension was present, the differences in the hazard ratios (HR) curve remained consistent with increasing rates in the term period for both, but were higher among those with hypertension. When stratified by BMI subgroup, the highest rates were seen among those with Class III obesity and hypertension, but the trends of increasing risk at term were seen in all groups.In conclusion, the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and stillbirth is modified when chronic hypertension is present. Overall, the absolute risks of stillbirth and perinatal death at all gestations were higher in women with elevated BMI and chronic hypertension.(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2025;233:61.e1-15.).

PMID:41557915 | DOI:10.1097/OGX.0000000000001488