Nevin Manimala

Neurosurg Rev. 2026 Jun 16;49(1):448. doi: 10.1007/s10143-026-04365-z.

ABSTRACT

Glioblastoma is an aggressive form of brain cancer and poses a challenge in treatment due to its profound heterogeneity and capacity for extensive infiltration into the brain parenchyma. Research has shown glioblastomas near the ependyma have poorer survival rates. Therefore, our aim was to identify distinct molecular features of glioblastoma invading the ependyma of lateral ventricles and neural stem cell region and the survival prognosis of these patients. A retrospective review of 170 patients with a new histologically confirmed diagnosis of glioblastoma between 2018 and 2019. Patients were excluded if they were less than 18-years-old, did not have a histological diagnosis, or had missing data. Overall survival (OS) data was analysed. Statistical analysis included Kaplan-Meier survival curves, log rank tests and Cox regression. A total of 170 patients were included (mean age 61 ± 11.3 years; 54% male). Tumours contacted the ependyma in 69 patients and did not in 101. The most common tumour locations were temporal (31%), frontal (29%), and parietal (21%) lobes. Preoperatively, 65% had a performance status of 0-1. Biopsy alone was performed in 19%, subtotal resection (STR) in 48%, and gross total resection (GTR) in 32%; GTR was more common in non-ependyma contacting tumours (40% vs. 20%). MGMT promoter was unmethylated in 64% of patients. Mean overall survival was significantly lower in patients with ependymal contact compared with non-contacting tumours (11.9 vs. 17.4 months, p = 0.004). On multivariable analysis, ependymal contact remained independently associated with poorer survival. No significant association was found between MGMT status and ependymal contact or tumour epicentre distance. Overall, our study reinforces the prognostic relevance of glioblastoma contact with the ependymal and subventricular zones. Tumours involving these regions were associated with poorer overall survival.

PMID:42298219 | DOI:10.1007/s10143-026-04365-z

Environ Monit Assess. 2026 Jun 15;198(7):727. doi: 10.1007/s10661-026-15577-7.

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the combined effects of precipitation and landfill age on leachate characteristics using one-way ANOVA to identify statistically significant differences among impact groups. The primary objective is to evaluate how climatic conditions and landfill age jointly influence both organic and inorganic leachate constituents. The results indicate that precipitation acts as a dominant controlling factor, although its influence is strongly modulated by landfill age and site-specific conditions. In low-precipitation climates, statistically significant temporal variations were observed in organic parameters (COD, BOD, and BOD/COD), particularly during the early stages of landfilling. In contrast, no statistically significant age-related differences were detected in high-precipitation regions, suggesting that dilution and wash-out mechanisms dominate over time-dependent biological processes. For inorganic constituents, chloride and ammonia exhibit weak or inconsistent statistical differences, while calcium and selected metals show more complex, non-linear behavior. These findings demonstrate that one-way ANOVA is an effective tool for identifying parameters sensitive to climatic and temporal factors, while also revealing parameters that are statistically unaffected by such influences. Overall, the results confirm that landfill age plays a significant role in shaping leachate composition in dry climates, whereas hydrological processes are the dominant controlling factors in wet climates.

PMID:42298217 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-026-15577-7

Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2026 Jun 15. doi: 10.1007/s00266-026-05984-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Postoperative hypertrophic scarring represents a prevalent clinical challenge, with current therapeutic approaches demonstrating limited efficacy. Previous studies have confirmed the scar-inhibitory properties of Botulinum toxin type A (BTA), though its precise molecular mechanisms require further elucidation. This study aims to explore the molecular pathways through which BTA attenuates hypertrophic scar formation using an established auricular cicatricial model in rabbits.

METHODS: Sixteen healthy New Zealand white rabbits underwent hypertrophic scar modeling. Post-modeling, therapeutic interventions were administered as follows: BTA (4U) was injected at the edge of the wound in the BTA group and the combined group, whereas, decorin (50 µg) was injected at the edge of the wound in the decorin group and the combined group. Decorin administration was repeated following a seven-day interval. The control group was administered an equivalent volume of normal saline. The scar height, collagen deposition and TGF-β1 expression level were measured by histological examination. Protein expression profiles were evaluated through immunoblotting techniques.

RESULTS: Our results revealed that hypertrophic scars were reduced in all treatment groups compared with the control group. BTA- and/or decorin-treated group had lower scar height, collagen deposition and TGF-β1 expression level at week 4 and week 8. BTA and/or decorin effectively suppressed the Smad2/3 phosphorylation cascade, inhibited MMP2 enzymatic activity, and reduced the protein expression of α-SMA and collagen I.

CONCLUSION: BTA improves the appearance of scar, reduces collagen deposition, and decreases the degree of scar formation by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in a rabbit ear model.

NO LEVEL ASSIGNED: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

PMID:42298167 | DOI:10.1007/s00266-026-05984-z

Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2026 Jun 15. doi: 10.1007/s00266-026-06068-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Regional fascial plane blocks are widely used in breast surgery for postoperative analgesia. While analgesic benefits are established, their impact on early complications after reduction mammaplasty remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between regional fascial plane block use and early postoperative complications following superior pedicle reduction mammaplasty.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 144 consecutive patients undergoing primary bilateral superior pedicle reduction mammaplasty at a single tertiary center. Patients were grouped as block (n=64) or no-block (n=80). All blocks were performed postoperatively at the end of surgery. The primary outcome was a 30-day composite complication, defined as hematoma requiring reoperation, wound dehiscence, or surgical site infection. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the independent association between block use and complications.

RESULTS: Overall, 55 patients (38.2%) developed at least one early postoperative complication. The composite complication rate was higher in the block group than in the no-block group (46.9% vs. 31.3%); however, this difference did not reach statistical significance (p=0.060). In multivariable analysis, block use was not independently associated with complications, whereas total excision weight was the only significant predictor. Hematomas occurred only in the block group (7.8% vs. 0%, p=0.016).

CONCLUSIONS: Regional fascial plane block use was not independently associated with overall postoperative morbidity after adjustment. Although hematomas were observed only in the block group, the low event rate and non-randomized design preclude causal inference. However, a relevant increase in overall complication risk cannot be ruled out; therefore, further prospective studies are needed to clarify this relationship.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

PMID:42298165 | DOI:10.1007/s00266-026-06068-8

Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2026 Jun 15. doi: 10.1007/s00266-026-05991-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Brazilian Butt Lift (BBL), liposuction, and abdominoplasty are increasingly being performed in combination to enhance esthetic results and reduce recovery time. However, this approach may lead to prolonged surgical times, complex anesthesia management, and an increased risk of potential complications. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between intraoperative variables and postoperative complications in patients undergoing combined body contouring surgery.

METHODS: A total of 1120 patients who underwent esthetic surgery between 2020 and 2025 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 550) underwent BBL, liposuction, and abdominoplasty; Group 2 (n = 570) underwent only BBL and liposuction. Demographic data, intraoperative parameters, laboratory values, and postoperative complications were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression and ROC analyses were performed to identify factors predicting complications.

RESULTS: In Group 1, the duration of surgery, amount of crystalloid fluid administered, volume of aspirate removed by liposuction, amount of fat injected, and urine output were significantly higher (p < 0.001). The total complication rate was 0.8%, with postoperative complications developing in only 9 patients. Three of these patients (33.3%) had a history of bariatric surgery. In the logistic regression analysis, prolonged surgical duration (OR = 2.12) and a history of surgery (OR = 1.87) were associated with the development of complications; however, neither reached statistical significance (p > 0.05). In the ROC analysis (multivariate), the model’s discriminatory power was high (AUC = 0.94).

CONCLUSIONS: Combined esthetic surgeries appear to be safe when performed by an experienced surgical-anesthesia team with close intraoperative monitoring. Surgical duration and previous surgical history may be associated with complications; however, larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

PMID:42298152 | DOI:10.1007/s00266-026-05991-0

Eur Radiol. 2026 Jun 16. doi: 10.1007/s00330-026-12688-0. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:42298150 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-026-12688-0

Mol Genet Genomics. 2026 Jun 16;301(1):134. doi: 10.1007/s00438-026-02448-6.

ABSTRACT

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous loci associated with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), yet translating statistical signals into experimentally testable hypotheses remains a central challenge in post-GWAS biology. The predominance of non-coding regulatory variants complicates target gene assignment and raises uncertainty regarding optimal clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) perturbation strategy. Here, we present a structured CRISPR Actionability Framework that integrates genomic context, pancreatic islet enhancer overlap, tissue-specific expression validation, and locus clarity into a quantitative CRISPR Actionability Score (CAS). We applied this framework to ten genome-wide significant T2D loci and assigned modality-aware CRISPR strategies (knockout versus CRISPR interference). CAS values ranged from 4 to 10, enabling tiered prioritization into high, moderate, and lower experimental priority classes. High-priority loci included SLC30A8, TCF7L2, and KCNJ11, which demonstrated strong regulatory or coding evidence combined with islet expression support. By explicitly linking genomic architecture to perturbation modality, this framework provides a transparent and reproducible bridge between statistical genetics and functional genome editing. This approach establishes a scalable template for rational CRISPR target selection in complex disease research.

PMID:42298143 | DOI:10.1007/s00438-026-02448-6

Sci Rep. 2026 Jun 15. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-58130-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The co-activation of methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) during dry reforming has led to numerous reduced kinetic models based on detailed surface reaction mechanisms, which are traditionally evaluated through parameter fitting, and their predictive validity is rarely examined. In this work, an alternative reduced Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) kinetic model based on the literature data set has been tested numerically, without re-calculating any kinetic parameters. A plug-flow reactor (PFR) model is used to simulate conversions from low to high temperatures. Temperature-resolved statistical measures, residual structure analysis, and apparent activation energy were used to assess the model’s performance. This study qualitatively replicates the conversion trends at high and moderate-to-high conversion levels and shows systematic deviations at low temperatures. The apparent activation energy suggests that the high activation energies are due to composite CH₄ activation mechanisms rather than a single elementary step. The study provides a diagnostic reanalysis of a literature-derived LHHW model, highlighting its strengths and illustrating how mechanistic information can be obtained without re-fitting model parameters or independent validation. The present work demonstrates the predictive performance of a literature-derived LHHW kinetic formulation for the catalyst and operating conditions. It identifies the operating regime in which the selected model is applicable for the assessment of reduced kinetic models in reactor-scale simulations.

PMID:42298138 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-58130-9

Sci Rep. 2026 Jun 16. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-58296-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Global biodiversity monitoring increasingly relies on open-access community science data, but these opportunistic records harbor complex biases that can severely distort macroecological inference. Here, we disentangle how human behavior, infrastructure, and taxonomy interact to shape perceived biodiversity patterns across the two distinct biogeographic regions of Malaysia. Analyzing 336,042 research-grade iNaturalist records, we quantified observer inequality and taxonomic disproportionality. We estimated true species richness (Chao2) to map spatial inventory completeness (median = 33.3%) and employed Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial GLMMs and effort-corrected Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) to test the effects of topography, accessibility, and observer classification. We demonstrate extreme observer inequality (Gini = 0.854), with data collection heavily anchored to urban centers. Crucially, a significant three-way interaction revealed that dedicated “Power Users” successfully penetrate roadless interiors in Peninsular Malaysia, whereas casual observers remain strictly road-bound. Taxonomically, the data exhibits a severe charismatic skew, massively over-representing Aves and Reptilia while under-sampling foundational hyper-diverse clades like Insecta and Fungi. Furthermore, explicitly modeling non-linear sampling effort (user-days) rendered the effects of elevation and terrain ruggedness statistically non-significant. This demonstrates that perceived biodiversity deficits in rugged, high-elevation terrains are anthropogenic artifacts of human inaccessibility rather than true ecological absences. To meet global conservation targets, state funding and structured monitoring should complement opportunistic data by actively targeting these remote, under-sampled geographic and taxonomic shortfalls.

PMID:42298119 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-58296-2

Support Care Cancer. 2026 Jun 15;34(7):660. doi: 10.1007/s00520-026-10848-y.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pelvic exenteration is a major surgery involving resection of the pelvic viscera and surrounding structures. Performed on patients with locally advanced or recurrent pelvic cancer, it is associated with high morbidity, persistent pain and low quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to determine the long-term prevalence of chronic pain and to characterise the pain and QoL experience in pelvic exenteration patients.

METHODS: A telephone survey was undertaken, utilising patient-reported outcome measures: the Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS) to assess pain and the Short Form-12 (SF-12) to measure QoL. Historic and demographic data were retrieved from hospital records to capture potential pre-, peri- and post-operative determinants. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation and comparative tests.

RESULTS: This study comprised 48 individuals, up to 13 years post-pelvic exenteration. Pain prevalence was 75%, with most patients reporting no to low-intensity pain, without disability (54%). SF-12 scores varied; physical scores were significantly lower than population norms, while mental scores were preserved. Pain intensity and disability (CPGS sub-scores) were associated with lower QoL, a relationship that was consistent across pain grades.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the post-pelvic exenteration experience is characterised by reduced physical QoL and notable pain, highlighting the importance of early pain management optimisation. This research provides surgical candidates with authentic patient insight into life after surgery in a complex yet understudied population. Prospective longitudinal research is recommended to further examine patient trajectories and predictors of pain and poor QoL, enabling better targeted pain management.

PMID:42298118 | DOI:10.1007/s00520-026-10848-y