Nevin Manimala

Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2025 Dec 20. doi: 10.1007/s40368-025-01148-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the distribution and risk factors of oral inclusion cysts (OICs) at birth, estimate the prognosis and analyse the impact on breastfeeding and tooth eruption in the first year-of-life.

METHODS: A birth cohort study was conducted at Canoas University Hospital, southern Brazil, including 1181 mother-child dyads. Oral inclusion cysts were assessed at the hospital shortly after birth. Data on feeding practices and tooth eruption were collected at 6 and 12 months. A second clinical examination was performed at 12 months. Poisson regression with robust variance was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: The prevalence of OICs at birth was 72.4% (95% CI 69.7-75.1%), with no significant differences across maternal or infant characteristics. Oral inclusion cysts had no impact on breastfeeding in the first hour of life or at 30 days (RR = 1.45; 95% CI 0.90-2.35), nor on the timing of tooth eruption (RR = 0.90; 95% CI 0.79-1.02). At 12 months, the prevalence of OICs was 1.5%.

CONCLUSION: OICs are common, transient findings in early infancy and do not affect breastfeeding or the eruption of primary teeth. Training healthcare professionals to recognise their benign nature can help prevent unnecessary treatments.

PMID:41422353 | DOI:10.1007/s40368-025-01148-w

Sci Rep. 2025 Dec 20. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-33485-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In this exploratory study, we investigated longitudinal changes in whole, luminal, and stromal choroidal thickness (CT) during pregnancy and the postpartum period using widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography. Ten eyes of five healthy pregnant women were examined monthly from mid-pregnancy to delivery and, when possible, at least 1 year postpartum. CT was measured over a 20 × 23 mm area centered on the fovea and was analyzed using a grid of three concentric subfields defined by circles measuring 3, 9, and 18 mm in diameter. At 5 months’ gestation, the mean central CT was 258 ± 35 μm. For the right eye, the mean CT within the entire 18-mm circle showed a nonsignificant increase between 4 and 5 months of gestation (P = 0.078), followed by a significant decrease between 5 and 9 months (P = 0.038). After delivery, the choroid became thicker again, although this change was not statistically significant (P = 0.117). All subfields showed similar fluctuations. Thickness recovered partially postpartum, mainly reflecting changes in the luminal rather than in the stromal component. These findings suggest that pregnancy induces dynamic, reversible vascular changes in the choroid, which may reflect ocular adaptations to systemic circulatory alterations.

PMID:41422329 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-33485-7

Sci Rep. 2025 Dec 20. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-27886-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Modeling using statistical methods as ANOVA and design expert help in predicting, improving, and perfecting a system’s behavior by integration between all experimental data and different parameters, in addition to it doesn’t consume time or materials as the other techniques statistically independence. It investigates the adsorption effectiveness of mullite nanoparticles (MNPs) in removing methyl red dye (acid red 2) as azo benzene derivative dye. Many parameters as pH, dose, contact duration, and dye concentration were studied. The crystal structure, morphology, nanoscale and surface area of the adsorbent MNPs material were investigated using X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and transmission electron microscopy methods. The adsorbent had high crystallinity with particles size of 5 to 25 nm and an average equal 12.3 nm. In addition, it had mesoporous characteristics with high surface area (an average pore size of 7.224 nm, 93.71 m²/g of surface area, and 0.426 cm³/g of pore volume). Its contact angle is 115.3, which explains its hydrophobic character. By using a dosage of 0.05 g at pH 4, for 10 min and 800 rpm, more than 99% removal was achieved. Application of the adsorption isotherm and Kinetics, it follows pseudo-2nd order and the DKR isotherm of the removal procedure.

PMID:41422326 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-27886-x

Sci Rep. 2025 Dec 20. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-30630-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Obesity significantly contributes to insulin resistance and type 2 mellitus diabetes (T2DM), with both environmental and genetic factors influencing metabolic risk. Apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), a key regulator of lipid metabolism, has genetic variants such as rs5069 that may affect metabolic profiles. This study investigated the association between APOA1 (rs5069) polymorphism and metabolic risk among euglycemic and T2DM obese individuals compared to healthy controls. Three hundred participants were enrolled and divided into healthy controls, euglycemic obese, and T2DM obese groups. Demographic, biochemical, and metabolic parameters including fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, lipid profile, HOMA-IR, TyG index, TyG-BMI, and METS-IR were assessed. APOA1 (rs5069) genotyping was conducted. Statistical analyses included ANOVA, chi-square tests, and principal component analysis (PCA). Obese individuals, particularly those with T2DM, showed significantly elevated insulin resistance markers, dyslipidemia, and metabolic indices (p < 0.001) compared to controls. The A allele of APOA1 (rs5069) was more frequent among obese participants. However, no significant differences in metabolic markers were observed among GG, GA, and AA genotypes within either obese group. PCA showed that metabolic variability was driven primarily by insulin resistance and lipid variables rather than genotype. While APOA1 (rs5069) genotype distribution varied across groups, it did not independently impact metabolic risk. Insulin resistance and dyslipidemia are the main contributors to metabolic disturbances in obesity, supporting the utility of non-invasive markers for early risk assessment.

PMID:41422312 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-30630-0

Eur J Med Res. 2025 Dec 20. doi: 10.1186/s40001-025-03687-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is closely associated with cardiometabolic abnormalities. However, the role of a comprehensive index integrating multiple cardiometabolic parameters in OSA risk assessment remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential association between the Cardiometabolic Index (CMI) and OSA risk in a large-scale population cohort.

METHODS: Data were derived from the 2005-2008 and 2015-2018 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), with a total of 39,722 participants included. OSA was defined using self-reported indicators (e.g., daytime sleepiness, nocturnal choking/snoring) rather than objective criteria such as polysomnography (PSG). Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between CMI and OSA. Segmented regression and non-linear models were constructed to verify the non-linear relationship between the two variables. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to validate the stability of the results, and finally, subgroup analysis was conducted to investigate heterogeneity across different populations.

RESULTS: The study found a potential association between elevated CMI and OSA. Multivariate adjusted regression analysis showed that in Model 3, the continuous CMI variable was significantly associated with OSA risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.014, P = 0.024), and the OSA risk in the Q4 group (highest CMI quartile) was significantly higher than that in the Q1 group (lowest CMI quartile) (OR = 1.272, P < 0.001), showing a linear upward trend. The threshold for the association between CMI and OSA was 2.03: when CMI < 2.03, the OR was 1.50 (P < 0.001), while no statistically significant association was observed when CMI exceeded this threshold, indicating a significant “inverted L-shaped” non-linear relationship between the two. After PSM, the OSA risk in the Q4 group was 1.174 times that in the Q1 group (P = 0.018). Subgroup analysis revealed that the association between CMI and OSA might be stronger in populations without hypertension or stroke, especially among females.

CONCLUSIONS: This study found a non-linear positive association between CMI and OSA risk. Specifically, the OSA risk in the Q4 group was significantly higher than that in the Q1 group (OR = 1.272, P < 0.001). Additionally, the association was more prominent in young people, females, and populations without hypertension or stroke. These findings suggest that CMI may serve as a convenient indicator for early screening, particularly applicable to high-risk OSA populations with metabolic disorders. The results of this study provide a new perspective for public health interventions and clinical risk assessment of OSA.

PMID:41422298 | DOI:10.1186/s40001-025-03687-w

Sci Rep. 2025 Dec 20. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-32553-2. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41422285 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-32553-2

Sci Rep. 2025 Dec 20. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-32758-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Oral hyaluronan has been reported to improve various aspects of skin physiology, but existing trials often lack methodological rigor, comprehensive outcome assessment, and diverse populations. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effects of sodium hyaluronate (SH) supplementation at two daily doses on skin parameters in healthy Caucasian adults. A total of 150 participants were randomized to receive SH (1.8 MDa) at 60 mg/day (SH60), 120 mg/day (SH120), or placebo for 12 weeks. Facial hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum, elasticity, wrinkle depth, skin gloss, colorimetric parameters, epidermal thickness, dermal density, red areas, and pore size were assessed at baseline and monthly. Subjective skin condition was evaluated every two weeks, and components of natural moisturizing factor (NMF) in forearm skin were quantified by LC-MS/MS. SH120 significantly enhanced skin hydration and elasticity, while reducing TEWL, sebum, and periorbital wrinkle depth versus placebo. It also improved skin structure by increasing epidermal thickness, dermal density, and NMF levels. SH60 showed similar but more modest effects. No changes were observed for colorimetric parameters, red areas, pore size, or gloss. In conclusion, oral SH supplementation improved multiple aspects of skin physiology, supporting its use as a functional food ingredient with measurable benefits for skin health and healthy aging.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT07065110 (retrospectively registered on 15 Jul 2025); EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) registry: EFSA202400027979 (prospectively filed on 06 Jun 2024).

PMID:41422283 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-32758-5

Sci Rep. 2025 Dec 21. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-33405-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Thailand’s temporary abstinence campaign aims to persuade drinkers to abstain from alcohol for three months during Buddhist Lent. In recent years, a decline in the popularity of the campaign has been observed. This study aims to determine factors associated with success in complete abstinence during the campaign period and to determine whether the associations change over time to provide insight into the decline in complete abstinence. This study analyzes pooled data of 5898 current drinkers from three waves (2015, 2018, and 2021) of the campaign evaluation survey. The primary outcome is complete abstinence during the campaign. Multivariable analysis indicated that campaign media exposure was associated with complete abstinence (OR, 1.42; 95% CI 1.17-1.72). Similarly, the year 2018, older age, lesser drinking frequency prior to the campaign, and higher level of affordability were positively associated with complete abstinence. There was a statistically significant interaction between year and drinking frequency prior to the campaign (p < 0.001). The decline in complete abstinence was plausibly explained by reduced campaign media exposure, increased drinking frequency among drinkers, and the 2021 period effect (presumably COVID-19). Diversifying campaign media distribution across traditional, community-based, and digital platforms may enhance the campaign’s success by ensuring wider exposure to campaign messages.

PMID:41422281 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-33405-9

Sci Rep. 2025 Dec 21. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-32908-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Solid waste management in developing countries such as India faces persistent challenges due to weak monitoring systems and the absence of reliable reporting mechanisms for landfill statistics. To address this gap, this study develops a remote sensing methodology that integrates Python programming with the Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) to generate Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery for quantifying landfill characteristics. Key parameters, including waste height and volumetric estimates, were extracted from satellite observations and processed through Google Earth Engine (GEE), enabling efficient large-scale analysis. A total of 80 landfill sites distributed across India were examined, providing the first nationwide assessment of landfill volume using a uniform and replicable framework. Field validation was conducted at two representative sites, Gondiya Landfill and Ujjain Ring Road Trenching Ground, through drone surveys and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) measurements. The evaluation showed deviations of 21.12% and 0.12% in height, 0.7% and 0.65% in area delineation, and 20.21% and 0.8% in volume for Gondiya and Ujjain, respectively, confirming the reliability of the proposed approach. These results demonstrate that SAR-based DEMs offer a cost-effective and scalable solution for systematic, near real-time monitoring of landfills across large regions. The framework not only supports capacity planning, environmental assessments, and policy formulation but also provides a pathway for developing countries to transition toward data-driven waste management strategies in the context of rapid urbanization and increasing waste generation.

PMID:41422276 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-32908-9

J Transl Med. 2025 Dec 20. doi: 10.1186/s12967-025-07585-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroids mimic tumor architecture, diffusion limits, and drug resistance more effectively than two-dimensional (2D) monolayers. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains highly aggressive, with limited benefits from anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. We investigated the synergistic effects of a novel two-domain soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (2d-sFlt-1), in enhancing paclitaxel efficacy compared with bevacizumab using 3D breast cancer models.

METHODS: 3D spheroids derived from triple-negative (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) and luminal (MCF-7) breast cancer cell lines, as well as tumor-endothelial co-culture spheroids, were treated with paclitaxel alone or in combination with 2d-sFlt-1 or bevacizumab. Treatment efficacy was evaluated through drug-sensitivity, proliferation, viability, migration, and morphometric analyses, along with assessments of angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling. Statistical significance was determined using non-parametric tests or one- and two-way ANOVA with appropriate multiple comparisons.

RESULTS: Transition from 2D monolayer to 3D spheroid culture markedly increased paclitaxel resistance, with IC₅₀ values elevated by roughly 25-fold. Co-treatment with 2d-sFlt-1 markedly enhanced paclitaxel efficacy, reducing the IC₅₀ values by approximately tenfold in MDA-MB-231 spheroids and sixfold in MDA-MB-468 spheroids, whereas bevacizumab produced only modest effects. Paclitaxel and 2d-sFlt-1 combination further suppressed spheroid growth and proliferation in both TNBC and luminal breast cancer models. In MDA-MB-231 spheroids, combination therapy reversed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by increasing E-cadherin while downregulating N-cadherin, SNAIL, and TWIST, and further reduced VEGF secretion and angiogenic tube formation. In tumor-endothelial co-cultures, FAK signaling was markedly reduced after combination treatment. Across all models and assays, paclitaxel and 2d-sFlt-1 combination consistently outperformed monotherapy and paclitaxel plus bevacizumab, underscoring its potential as a mechanistically synergistic strategy for overcoming chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer.

CONCLUSIONS: 2d-sFlt-1 enhanced paclitaxel efficacy in physiologically relevant 3D breast cancer models. In MDA-MB-231 spheroids, the combination reduced chemoresistance and invasive growth through coordinated modulation of angiogenesis, EMT, and FAK signaling. In MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7 spheroids, it primarily increased cytotoxicity and growth inhibition, indicating a conserved functional benefit across subtypes. These findings provide a rationale for further mechanistic validation and preclinical evaluation of 2d-sFlt-1 plus paclitaxel to define dosing, safety, and translational feasibility in aggressive breast cancers.

PMID:41422245 | DOI:10.1186/s12967-025-07585-x