Nevin Manimala

Stress Health. 2026 Jun;42(3):e70184. doi: 10.1002/smi.70184.

ABSTRACT

Dermatological conditions are a major contributor to global nonfatal disease burden. Evidence suggests that psychological stress and trauma, including adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), stressful life events (SLEs), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), may affect the onset and severity of inflammatory and stress-responsive skin diseases, though findings remain fragmented. This systematic review aimed to synthesise evidence on associations between stress- and trauma-related exposures and dermatological conditions across the lifespan, focusing on timing, chronicity, and cumulative stress. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Searches were conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO (from January 2000 to November 2025). Eligible studies were peer-reviewed empirical investigations of stress- or trauma-related exposures and dermatological outcomes in children or adults. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Joanna Briggs Institute checklists; only low- and moderate-risk studies were included. Thirty studies met inclusion criteria. Stress- and trauma-related exposures were associated with increased risk, earlier onset, or greater severity of conditions, particularly psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, and chronic urticaria. Associations were strongest for early-life adversity and cumulative stress. Results support an association between trauma-related exposures and dermatological outcomes. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify temporal relationships and inform psychosocial assessment.

PMID:42179055 | DOI:10.1002/smi.70184

Cancer Control. 2026 Jan-Dec;33:10732748261455722. doi: 10.1177/10732748261455722. Epub 2026 May 25.

ABSTRACT

IntroductionEvidence indicates that being married may influence prognosis in various malignancies; however, whether this association extends to small intestinal stromal tumors (SISTs) remains unclear. To address this gap, we analyzed population-based data to determine the prognostic significance of marital status for SIST patients.MethodsThis population-based, retrospective cohort study leveraged data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for the period 2000 to 2019. We classified patients as either married or unmarried according to their recorded marital status. To minimize bias from confounders, we performed 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM). Survival outcomes, including overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS), were estimated via the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsOur analysis included 3315 SIST patients, of whom 2132 were married and 1183 were unmarried. Compared with unmarried individuals, married patients experienced significantly better OS and CSS (both P<0.05). Multivariable analysis identified marital status as an independent predictor for both endpoints, with adjusted HRs of 1.35 (95% CI: 1.20-1.52) for OS and 1.27 (95% CI: 1.10-1.48) for CSS. Following PSM, the survival advantage for married patients persisted (P<0.05 for both OS and CSS). Notably, the 5-year OS and CSS rates favored the married cohort over the unmarried cohort (75.2% vs. 64.0%, P <0.001; 83.7% vs. 76.1%, P = 0.001, respectively). Subgroup analyses further revealed that the survival benefit associated with marriage was particularly evident among elderly, female, Caucasian, and surgically treated patients.ConclusionsMarital status independently predicts prognosis in small intestinal stromal tumors (SISTs), with married patients exhibiting superior outcomes.

PMID:42179050 | DOI:10.1177/10732748261455722

Behav Sleep Med. 2026 May 25:1-10. doi: 10.1080/15402002.2026.2679677. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: In recent times, Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) has emerged as a significant psychological construct adversely impacting the well-being and emotional health of social media users. Among the many psychological and physiological impacts of FoMO, its relation with sleep is frequently examined, considering its influence on disruption of sleep. This study intended to explore the association between FoMO, Psychological Capital (PsyCap), and sleep quality among college students and to determine whether PsyCap moderates the relationship between FoMO and sleep quality.

METHOD: A total of 110 college students aged between 18 and 25 participated in the study. Standardized self-report measures, including the Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMOs), Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), were employed to assess FoMO, PsyCap, and sleep quality. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, independent sample t-tests, and moderation analysis using the Hayes PROCESS macro (Model 1) were executed.

RESULTS: Findings demonstrated that FoMO was positively correlated with poor sleep quality. PsyCap, on the other hand, was negatively correlated to FoMO and poor sleep quality. Further, it was observed that FoMO significantly correlates with poorer sleep in those students with low PsyCap levels.

CONCLUSION: PsyCap appears to play a moderating role against the effects of FoMO on sleep. The study highlights the need to conduct PsyCap-based interventions for enhancing the sleep quality and overall well-being among young adults.

PMID:42179046 | DOI:10.1080/15402002.2026.2679677

Int J Urol. 2026 May;33(5):e70527. doi: 10.1111/iju.70527.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Desmopressin is an established treatment for nocturia due to nocturnal polyuria. In Japan, low-dose formulations (25 and 50 μg) were approved only for men in 2019. However, age- and dose-specific prescribing patterns in real-world practice remain unclear. Using nationwide aggregated claims data, we analyzed age-stratified prescribing trends and dose selection patterns.

METHODS: Publicly available NDB Open Data (fiscal years 2020-2023) were used. Outpatient prescriptions for desmopressin orally disintegrating tablets (25 and 50 μg) were extracted by sex and 5-year age categories. Population-adjusted prescription rates per 1000 persons and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Temporal trends were evaluated using Poisson regression models with log-population offset.

RESULTS: In men, the population-adjusted prescription rate increased from 21.5 per 1000 persons in 2020 to 84.6 in 2023 (p for trend < 0.001). More than 90% of prescriptions were issued to individuals aged ≥ 65 years. Overall, use of the 25 and 50 μg formulations was balanced; however, the proportion of the 25 μg formulation increased with advancing age, and the 25 μg/50 μg ratio reached 1.37 among those aged ≥ 90 years. Prescriptions in women also increased, with predominance of the 25 μg formulation.

CONCLUSIONS: Desmopressin prescribing has increased nationwide in Japan, particularly among older men. Increased selection of the lower-dose formulation in older patients may reflect safety considerations. Off-label use in women is increasing, indicating the need for further safety evaluation and appropriate prescribing guidelines.

PMID:42179007 | DOI:10.1111/iju.70527

Orbit. 2026 May 25:1-8. doi: 10.1080/01676830.2026.2651956. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To describe large-scale epidemiological patterns of chalazia and assess treatment outcomes.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Clalit Health Services electronic medical record database, analyzing demographic data, medical history, treatments, procedures, and outcomes between January 2003 and December 2022.

RESULTS: A total of 611,993 chalazion diagnoses were recorded in 412,365 patients. Invasive procedures were required in 56,840 cases (9.3%). After topical therapy, 11.2% of cases progressed to surgical management (18.3% with neomycin/polymyxin-B/dexamethasone, 9.7% with chloramphenicol, 13.9% with tobramycin, and 7.1% with azithromycin). Those treated only with lubricants required intervention in 6.0% of cases. Differences across treatments were statistically significant (p < 0.01). Invasive intervention was age-dependent: 1.8% in patients <18 years, 8.1% in those 18-45, and 13.7% in those> 45 (p < 0.0001). Chalazion incidence correlated strongly with mean monthly temperature (r = 0.71, p < 0.001), with higher prevalence above 21°C (specificity 0.91, sensitivity 0.79, AUC 0.90).

CONCLUSIONS: Most chalazia resolve with conservative management. Age and climate significantly influence both incidence and treatment outcomes. These findings underscore the role of environmental and demographic factors in a chalazion’s clinical course and may guide more tailored management strategies.

PMID:42178961 | DOI:10.1080/01676830.2026.2651956

Pol Przegl Chir. 2025 Dec 15;98(2):1-7. doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0055.5120.

ABSTRACT

&lt;b&gt;Introduction:&lt;/b&gt; Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease frequently necessitating surgical intervention, particularly ileocecal resection (ICR), due to complications unresponsive to medical therapy. Postoperative complications remain a significant concern, highlighting the need for reliable preoperative biomarkers to improve risk stratification.&lt;b&gt;Aim:&lt;/b&gt; This study aimed to evaluate the utility of selected serologic inflammatory markers in predicting postoperative complications and their severity in CD patients undergoing ICR.&lt;b&gt;Materials and methods:&lt;/b&gt; A retrospective analysis was conducted on 110 patients who underwent ICR for CD-related complications between 2015 and 2024. Preoperative blood parameters, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), and C-reactive protein (CRP), were analyzed in relation to postoperative complications classified by Clavien-Dindo grading and the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI).&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Postoperative complications occurred in 46 patients (41.8%), with surgical site infection being the most common. Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo grade IV) were observed in 5 patients, with no mortality recorded. While no statistically significant associations were found between Clavien-Dindo grade and white blood cells (WBC), platelets (PLT), NLR, MPV, or CRP levels, CRP demonstrated a significant positive correlation with CCI score (p &lt; 0.05), suggesting its potential as a predictive marker for overall complication burden.&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Elevated preoperative CRP levels may serve as a useful predictor of postoperative complication severity in CD patients undergoing ICR. Although other markers, such as NLR and MPV, showed trends toward association, statistical significance was not reached. Comprehensive preoperative assessment incorporating inflammatory biomarkers could enhance surgical planning and improve outcomes in this high-risk population.

PMID:42178956 | DOI:10.5604/01.3001.0055.5120

Pol Przegl Chir. 2025 Dec 15;98(2):26-36. doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0055.5118.

ABSTRACT

&lt;b&gt;Introduction:&lt;/b&gt; Vitamin D plays a key role in immune regulation, inflammation control, and musculoskeletal health. Patients with burn injuries are particularly vulnerable to its deficiency. Despite its importance, current clinical guidelines do not provide a clear consensus on how vitamin D should be managed in this population. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Aim:&lt;/b&gt; This meta-analysis aimed to assess the clinical impact of adequate vitamin D levels or supplementation compared to vitamin D deficiency or no supplementation in patients with burns. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Materials and methods:&lt;/b&gt; A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies reporting clinical outcomes in these 2 patient groups. The primary outcomes included duration of hospitalization, length of stay in burn intensive care units, mortality, and the incidence of sepsis and intubation. Subgroup analyses were performed for randomized and non-randomized studies. Statistical analysis was conducted using Cochrane’s Review Manager. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Patients with sufficient vitamin D levels or those who received supplementation had significantly shorter overall hospitalization and burn intensive care unit stays. Although the difference in mortality was not statistically significant, intubation and sepsis occurred more frequently in patients with vitamin D deficiency or no supplementation. Subgroup analyses confirmed that both randomized and non-randomized studies showed a significantly reduced hospital stay in patients with adequate vitamin D status. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Discussion:&lt;/b&gt; The findings suggest that vitamin D management may improve clinical outcomes in burn patients and should be considered in future guidelines. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Further prospective studies with larger patient populations are necessary to establish standardized treatment protocols.

PMID:42178955 | DOI:10.5604/01.3001.0055.5118

Pol Przegl Chir. 2026 Jan 27;98(2):13-18. doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0055.5916.

ABSTRACT

&lt;b&gt;Introduction:&lt;/b&gt; Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer worldwide. Much attention has recently been paid to the epigenetic features of CRC. Homologous recombination repair (HRR) is a biochemical pathway that plays a crucial role in maintaining genome integrity through the repair of double-strand breaks (DBS). &lt;i&gt;RAD51&lt;/i&gt; recombinase is widely considered a key enzyme in HRR. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are a significant type of genetic variation.&lt;b&gt;Aim:&lt;/b&gt; The aim of this study was to assess the association between the occurrence of individual genotypes/alleles of the &lt;i&gt;RAD51&lt;/i&gt; 172G/T polymorphism (rs1801321) and the risk of CRC.&lt;b&gt;Materials and methods:&lt;/b&gt; The material used for DNA isolation was peripheral blood from patients at the Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Medical University of Lodz. The study recruited patients (n = 188) with histologically confirmed colorectal cancer. The control group consisted of undiagnosed individuals (n = 200), matched for age and gender, without a family history of cancer among first-degree relatives.&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; No statistically significant association was found between the frequency of the assessed alleles/genotypes and the presence of CRC. The analysis also showed that the 127G/T variant of the RAD51 gene was not statistically significantly associated with the development of colorectal cancer.&lt;b&gt;Discussion:&lt;/b&gt; The 127G/T polymorphism of the &lt;i&gt;RAD51&lt;/i&gt; gene appears to be an unpromising marker for colorectal cancer. However, new observations regarding the variant in the distal promoter may open up prospects for future research on molecular markers.&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The study results indicate no association between the &lt;i&gt;RAD51&lt;/i&gt; 172G/T polymorphism and the risk of CRC. Therefore, there is a need for further research in the area of selected polymorphisms in CRC.

PMID:42178953 | DOI:10.5604/01.3001.0055.5916

Int J Rheum Dis. 2026 May;29(5):e70713. doi: 10.1111/1756-185x.70713.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) presents a significant diagnostic challenge for clinicians due to its diverse clinical manifestations and overlap with other autoimmune conditions. Large Language Models (LLMs) are currently regarded as having the potential to assist clinicians in expediting decision-making. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of four LLMs in differentiating SLE from clinically mimicking conditions.

METHODS: A retrospective diagnostic accuracy study was conducted involving 100 patients at a rheumatology center: 50 patients with confirmed SLE and 50 non-SLE patients with conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, axial spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, myositis, ANCA-associated vasculitis, mixed connective tissue disease, undifferentiated connective tissue disease, and fibromyalgia. Four LLMs were evaluated: Deepseek, ChatGPT 4.0, Claude Sonnet 4, and Gemini. The 2019 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology/American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ACR) classification criteria were applied. Diagnostic accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC) were calculated. IBM SPSS Statistics version 25 was used for all analyses.

RESULTS: Gemini achieved the highest performance score, with an accuracy of 96% (95% CI: 91.2-100.0%), sensitivity of 94% (95% CI: 89.3-98.7%), specificity of 98% (95% CI: 93.1-100.0%), and an AUC of 0.960. ChatGPT 4.0 and Claude Sonnet 4 exhibited comparable accuracy. Deepseek recorded the lowest performance score.

CONCLUSION: Gemini demonstrated significant potential to assist clinicians in differentiating SLE from mimicking conditions. Nevertheless, prospective validation in real-world clinical settings is required before these tools can be reliably integrated into clinical practice.

PMID:42178941 | DOI:10.1111/1756-185x.70713

Pediatr Transplant. 2026 May;30(5):e70348. doi: 10.1111/petr.70348.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The quadratus lumborum (QL) and transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks reduce opioid consumption and pain scores in adult renal transplantation. However, their efficacy in pediatric renal transplantation remains unknown. This retrospective study investigates the effect of different regional anesthesia techniques on postoperative opioid consumption and recovery outcomes following pediatric renal transplantation.

METHODS: Retrospective review of pediatric patients undergoing renal transplantation at a single academic children’s hospital between January 2019 and September 2023. Patients received either an anterior QL block with contralateral RS block (QL/RS group), high-dose TAP block (hTAP group), low-dose TAP block (lTAP group), or no block (control group). The primary aim was to compare postoperative opioid consumption. The secondary outcomes were intraoperative opioid consumption, median operative time, time to extubation, and length of stay (LOS) in the intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital.

RESULTS: There was no difference in opioid consumption in milligram morphine equivalents per kilogram (MME/kg) on postoperative days (POD) 0 and 1 between each block group as compared to the no block group. The QL/RS group had the shortest time to extubation, with all patients extubated in the operating room (compared to 5.2 ± 21.2 h in the hTAP group, 2.4 ± 7.8 h in the lTAP group, and 10.9 ± 22.6 h in the no block group). There was no difference in ICU LOS. The QL/RS, hTAP, lTAP groups all had shorter overall hospital LOS (median days [95% CI]: 6.3 [5.6, 6.6], p = 0.01; 6.4 [5.6, 7.2], p = 0.02; 5.6 [4.4, 6.9], p = 0.01; respectively) as compared to the no block group (7.3 [6.6, 8.5] days).

CONCLUSION: Although there was no significant difference in postoperative opioid consumption between groups, the QL/RS block group was associated with the shortest time to extubation, with all patients extubated in the operating room. All block groups had reduced overall hospital LOS compared to the no block group. Both QL/RS and TAP blocks may offer benefits in perioperative recovery, warranting further prospective investigation to optimize regional anesthesia strategies for pediatric renal transplant recipients.

PMID:42178914 | DOI:10.1111/petr.70348