Nevin Manimala

Can J Exp Psychol. 2026 Jul 27. doi: 10.1037/cep0000405. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Humans adjust to statistical regularities in their environment. For example, responses to more frequent stimuli are faster and less error-prone than responses to less frequent stimuli. Here we ask whether this adjustment to relative stimulus-response frequencies is local, that is, specific for stimulus locations, or global, that is, generalized across stimulus locations. In two experiments, participants responded to two colours of stimuli presented with different relative frequencies in upper and lower locations on a monitor, but equal relative frequencies in left and right locations. In the first experiment, reaction times and error rates differed between responses to the stimuli with different relative frequencies presented at the upper and lower locations and less so for responses to the stimuli with identical relative frequencies at left and right locations; for left and right locations, the effect of relative frequency was accompanied by a modulation of the Simon effect. In the second experiment, additional stimuli presented in a central location served to equate the overall frequency of the stimulus colours and responses. In this experiment, only a small effect of relative frequency remained for responses to stimulus colours in upper and lower locations where they actually had different relative frequencies. According to these results, there are both a global, location-independent effect of relative stimulus-response frequency and a local, location-dependent effect. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:42507357 | DOI:10.1037/cep0000405

J Craniofac Surg. 2026 Jul 27. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000013180. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Levator function (LF) is a key parameter in the evaluation and surgical planning of blepharoptosis; however, it does not always correlate with clinical severity or outcomes. This study aimed to compare the histopathological characteristics of the levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) muscle in congenital and acquired (involutional) ptosis with different LF levels.

METHODS: This retrospective study included 38 eyelids from patients with congenital or acquired ptosis who underwent anterior levator surgery. Patients were categorized into 3 groups based on LF: congenital ptosis with LF >5 mm (group 1, n=10), acquired ptosis with LF 9 to 13 mm (group 2, n=12), and acquired ptosis with LF >14 mm (group 3, n=16). Excised levator aponeurosis and muscle tissues were examined histopathologically. Muscle tissue, fat infiltration, fibrosis, edema, and inflammation were evaluated.

RESULTS: Muscle tissue was present in all specimens. Fat infiltration differed significantly among groups (P=0.029), being more frequent in groups 1 and 2 compared with group 3 (P=0.041 and 0.039), with no difference between groups 1 and 2 (P=0.218). Severe fibrosis was observed only in group 1, without statistical significance (P=0.193). Edema and inflammation showed no significant differences between groups (P=0.771, P=0.359). Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between LF and fat infiltration (r=-0.23, P=0.017) and a positive correlation between LF and muscle content (r=0.27, P=0.011) in groups 2 and 3.

CONCLUSION: Fat infiltration and muscle content are associated with LF and may partially explain functional variability independent of ptosis etiology.

PMID:42507352 | DOI:10.1097/SCS.0000000000013180

J Craniofac Surg. 2026 Jul 27. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000013199. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of our standardized 3-step ultrasound-assisted liposuction technique for the dorsocervical fat pad.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 48 patients with dorsocervical fat pad admitted to our hospital between May 2024 and April 2025. All patients underwent minimally invasive liposuction using an ultrasonic emulsification aspirator combined with a fat balancer. The operation time and intraoperative liposuction volume were recorded. The therapeutic effect and patient satisfaction were evaluated at 3 months postoperatively; the incidence of complications was statistically analyzed; and recurrence was observed during the 6- to 12-month follow-up period.

RESULTS: All 48 patients successfully completed the operation, with an average operative time of 72.5 minutes and an average aspirated volume of fat and fibrous tissue of 326.4 mL. At 3 months postoperatively, the total improvement rate evaluated by physicians was 97.92%, and the self-evaluated total improvement rate by patients was 95.83%. The patient satisfaction rate was 95.83%, including 36 cases (75.00%) very satisfied, 10 cases (20.83%) basically satisfied, and 2 cases (4.17%) dissatisfied. A total of 4 cases of minor complications occurred postoperatively, including 3 cases of subcutaneous ecchymosis and 1 case of local induration, all of which recovered spontaneously without special treatment. No serious complications such as infection, skin necrosis, or nerve injury occurred. No recurrence was observed in any patient during the follow-up period, and the dorsocervical contour was natural and smooth.

CONCLUSION: Our standardized 3-step ultrasound-assisted liposuction technique has proven efficacy in treating the dorsocervical fat pad, with the advantages of minimal trauma, reduced bleeding, rapid recovery, and few complications. It achieves high patient satisfaction and warrants clinical promotion.

PMID:42507350 | DOI:10.1097/SCS.0000000000013199

Minerva Med. 2026 Jul 26. doi: 10.23736/S0026-4806.26.09922-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disorder in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MASLD ranges from simple liver steatosis to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. New glucose-lowering agents have demonstrated benefits beyond glycemic regulation. This study assesses the effects of receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on metabolic parameters, hepatic steatosis, and fibrosis in patients with MASLD and T2DM.

METHODS: Prospectively, 192 patients were enrolled: 132 added therapy with one novel glucose-lowering drug (GLP-1RA or SGLT2i) or their combination, and 60 patients continued with other glucose-lowering therapies (such as sulfonylureas, PPAR-γ agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, metformin or insulin). Metabolic parameters, fibrosis indices (APRI, FIB-4, NFS, stiffness), and steatosis assessed by ultrasound-based attenuation imaging (ATT), were evaluated at baseline, 6 and 12 months.

RESULTS: The four treatment groups had comparable biochemical profiles. At 6 months, significant reductions were observed in the ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP levels (P<0.01). Both GLP-1RA and SGLT2i significantly improve glycemic control at 6 and 12 months; the reduction in HbA1c was associated with a decrease in serum cholesterol (statistically significant in the SGLT2i group). Non-invasive fibrosis scores (FIB-4, APRI, NFS) showed no significant changes; however, NFS showed modest improvement in the SGLT2i group. Liver stiffness values decreased significantly after 12 months in GLP-1RA, SGLT2i, or combination therapy groups. ATT consistently improved hepatic steatosis.

CONCLUSIONS: GLP-1RA and SGLT2i improve glycemic control and reduce hepatic steatosis and stiffness in patients with MASLD and T2DM.

PMID:42507338 | DOI:10.23736/S0026-4806.26.09922-2

Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2026 Jul 27. doi: 10.1007/s40368-026-01250-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Co-sleeping or bed sharing is a common practice that is believed to offer convenient and longer breastfeeding time, although it may contribute to the development of early childhood caries (ECC). This study aimed to explore the association between co-sleeping or bed sharing practices and ECC.

METHODS: A search was conducted across electronic databases, journals, and National repositories from their inception to December 2025. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort studies and a modified version was used for cross-sectional studies to assess the risk of bias. The random effects model was used for meta-analysis and the certainty of evidence was evaluated using ‘Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations’ criteria.

RESULTS: A total of 10,635 articles were identified, and the full-text review led to the inclusion of six articles with 2587 participants. A total of 267 children reported co-sleeping, 1193 practiced bed sharing, 1023 engaged in night-time breastfeeding, and 849 were diagnosed with ECC. One study revealed moderate risk, while five studies demonstrated low risk of bias.

STATISTICS: Substantial heterogeneity was observed across the studies (I² = 90%). The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant association between bed sharing and ECC (OR = 2.77, 95% CI 1.36-5.64, p = 0.005). The certainty of evidence was found to be moderate.

CONCLUSIONS: This review shows a positive correlation between co-sleeping or bed sharing practices and ECC which is a significant concern worldwide.

PMID:42507329 | DOI:10.1007/s40368-026-01250-7

CJEM. 2026 Jul 27. doi: 10.1007/s43678-026-01247-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Historically, traumatic cardiac arrest studies have described poor survival rates and argued that resuscitation is futile. However, recent reports have demonstrated that survival rates may be higher than previously appreciated. Our objectives were to determine survival rates in traumatic cardiac arrest patients and assess for factors associated with survival to hospital discharge.

METHODS: We conducted a registry review study of adult traumatic cardiac arrest patients (≥ 17 years old) in Nova Scotia over a 16-year period (2007-2023). Data were collected from the paramedic electronic Patient Care Record and the Nova Scotia Trauma Registry. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. We compared characteristics between survivors and non-survivors and assessed for predictors of survival. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square analysis, and multivariable logistic regression models were used.

RESULTS: A total of 1042 patients were included in the analysis. Ages ranged from 17 to 96 years (mean 50.03 ± 19.2), and 80.7% were male. Most injuries were blunt trauma (71.7%, 747/1042). The overall survival rate was 1.9% (20/1042). Compared to non-survivors, patients who survived to hospital discharge had lower mean Injury Severity Score (17.8 ± 11.1 vs. 34.4 ± 21.3, p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, survival to discharge was associated with critical care transport (OR 27.16, 95%CI 7.32-103.86) and direct transport to final facility (OR 4.10, 95%CI 1.37-11.80), while increasing Injury Severity Score (OR 0.93, 95%CI 0.88-0.97) was associated with mortality.

CONCLUSIONS: Survival to hospital discharge was observed in 1.9% of traumatic cardiac arrest patients. Critical care transport and direct transport to the final facility were associated with patient survival. The identified predictors of survival may help inform prehospital triage and resuscitation strategies for patients experiencing traumatic cardiac arrest.

PMID:42507326 | DOI:10.1007/s43678-026-01247-7

Infection. 2026 Jul 27. doi: 10.1007/s15010-026-02880-1. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:42507325 | DOI:10.1007/s15010-026-02880-1

Infection. 2026 Jul 27. doi: 10.1007/s15010-026-02881-0. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:42507324 | DOI:10.1007/s15010-026-02881-0

Infection. 2026 Jul 27. doi: 10.1007/s15010-026-02900-0. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:42507323 | DOI:10.1007/s15010-026-02900-0

Infection. 2026 Jul 27. doi: 10.1007/s15010-026-02868-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Infants too young for primary vaccination face the highest risk of severe pertussis and death. While maternal vaccination is the primary protective strategy, the real-world vaccine effectiveness (VE) of acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines in Thailand (including recombinant aP (aP_gen)) remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the VE of the aP vaccine in protecting infants under 3 months of age against symptomatic pertussis.

METHODS: This case-control study was conducted in the Narathiwat Province, Thailand, during a pertussis outbreak between September 2023 and October 2024. Participants included 33 symptomatic, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed cases, 330 asymptomatic, community-matched controls (for primary comparison), and 41 symptomatic, test-negative controls (for sensitivity simulation). Maternal vaccination with aP vaccine during pregnancy was evaluated against no pertussis vaccination. The main outcome measures were symptomatic PCR-confirmed pertussis. VEs were estimated using a logistic regression model with inverse probability of treatment weighting.

RESULTS: All vaccinated mothers (98 of 404) received aP_gen (94% for standalone aP_gen). The VE of the maternal aP_gen vaccination against symptomatic-PCR confirmed pertussis was 95.3% (95% CI: 64.7%, 99.4%; p = 0.003). A post-hoc E-value sensitivity analysis indicated that it was unlikely that any residual or unmeasured confounders could explain away the statistically significant VE suggesting a robustness of the observed VE.

CONCLUSION: Maternal aP_gen vaccination during pregnancy was highly likely to provide robust VE against symptomatic-PCR confirmed pertussis in infants during the first three months of life. These findings support the maternal pertussis vaccination with recombinant aP vaccines as effective strategy in Thailand and could be considered for other regions.

PMID:42507321 | DOI:10.1007/s15010-026-02868-x