Nevin Manimala

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2026 Jul 22;14(7):e7809. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000007809. eCollection 2026 Jul.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Surgical scars following breast cancer treatment can significantly impact survivors’ quality of life. Pulsed dye laser (PDL) therapy has demonstrated efficacy in improving erythematous scars, and epidermal cooling devices are commonly used to enhance treatment safety and comfort. However, no studies have directly compared contact cooling (CC) and dynamic cooling device (DCD) modalities with the fifth-generation PDL.

METHODS: In this randomized, controlled split-scar trial, 20 female patients with bilateral surgical breast scars underwent 3 PDL treatments (595 nm) at 4-6 week intervals. One side was treated with CC and the other with a DCD. Outcomes were assessed using the Vancouver Scar Scale, Manchester Scar Scale, Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale, optical coherence tomography, and pain scores.

RESULTS: Both CC and DCD treatments resulted in statistically significant scar improvement, with no significant difference between modalities in Vancouver Scar Scale, Manchester Scar Scale, or Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scores. Mean pain scores were low (2.6 for CC and 2.3 for DCD; P = 0.1378). Optical coherence tomography imaging demonstrated reduced vascular density in both groups.

CONCLUSIONS: The fifth-generation PDL is effective for treating erythematous breast surgery scars. Both CC and DCD treatments demonstrated equivalent clinical improvement and minimal discomfort, supporting their use as effective and well-tolerated options for the treatment of erythematous surgical scars in breast cancer survivors.

PMID:42488918 | PMC:PMC13391131 | DOI:10.1097/GOX.0000000000007809

Front Vet Sci. 2026 Jul 8;13:1858865. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2026.1858865. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: African swine fever (ASF) was first detected in Vietnam in early February 2019 and spread rapidly nationwide. By December 2019, ASF had been reported in 8,509 of 11,055 communes (77%) across all 63 provinces and municipalities.

METHODS: Descriptive analyses were performed to summarize temporal and spatial patterns of ASF-affected communes (outbreaks). Outbreak data were aggregated weekly (week 1-48) based on onset date, and weekly counts, cumulative numbers, and proportions of affected communes were calculated. To quantify the early spread of ASF, we analyzed commune-level outbreak data from 2019. Temporal progression was assessed using linear and negative binomial regression models, whereas spatiotemporal clusters were identified using a space-time permutation model.

RESULTS: The linear regression analysis indicated an approximately 2.5 percentage-point weekly increase in the cumulative proportion of affected communes (R ² = 0.94) from 1 February to 14 July 2019. The negative binomial regression model estimated an approximately 7.6% weekly increase in affected commune counts (β = 0.073) from 1 February to 14 July 2019, corresponding to a doubling time of approximately 9.5 weeks. Consequently, more than half of the communes were affected within the first 24 weeks of the first detected case. A total of 18 statistically significant spatiotemporal clusters were identified. The earliest cluster was detected in the North, where the first outbreak was confirmed, and the most numerous clusters were in the Central region. Many cluster centers were located in areas of relatively high pig density, particularly in the Red River Delta and Mekong River Delta.

CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the extensive geographic scale of ASF transmission in Vietnam in the first year of the epidemic. The rapid and extensive spread observed suggests that a stamping-out strategy, as typically implemented, may face substantial challenges under such epidemic conditions. Instead, the results emphasize the importance of impact-mitigation strategies and long-term management approaches, including enhanced biosecurity, farmer support, and measures to maintain a stable pork supply. These findings also provide relevant insights for countries facing similar endemic conditions or at risk of ASF introduction.

PMID:42488908 | PMC:PMC13388069 | DOI:10.3389/fvets.2026.1858865

Front Vet Sci. 2026 Jul 8;13:1866378. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2026.1866378. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) remain one of the most economically significant diseases affecting the global swine industry. Caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV), the disease leads to reproductive failure in sows and respiratory disorders in pigs of all ages. In Vietnam, PRRSV was officially reported in 2007, and the emergence of highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) strains has since intensified outbreaks with high morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the efficacy of the intradermal PRRSV-1 commercial vaccine (UNISTRAIN® PRRS, HIPRA) in piglets experimentally challenged with a Vietnamese HP-PRRSV-2 strain. Twenty-eight PRRS naïve, 21-day-old piglets were randomly assigned to a VC group, including vaccinated and challenged pigs (n = 12); UVC group, including unvaccinated and challenged pigs (n = 12); and a UVUC group, including unvaccinated and unchallenged pigs (n = 4). At 5 weeks post-vaccination, all animals in VC group and UVC group were challenged intramuscularly with 3 mL of HP-PRRSV (lineage L8E, 2025; at a dose of 10⁵ CCID₅₀/pig) and monitored for 28 days post-infection (dpi). Clinical signs, rectal temperature, viremia, antibody response, macro/micropathological lesions and growth performance were evaluated. Vaccinated pigs exhibited a lower incidence of fever and milder respiratory signs than unvaccinated pigs, corresponding to reduced clinical scores. Despite viremia in both groups post-infection, vaccinated pigs exhibited reduced viral loads, shorter viremia duration, and lower incidence than unvaccinated pigs at 7 dpi (p < 0.05). This constituted a significant reduction in viremia, evidenced by a 38.58% decrease in AUC. The antibody response developed earlier and persisted longer in vaccinated pigs, which displayed significantly higher S/P ratios at 7 dpi (p < 0.001). Lung lesions in vaccinated pigs were characterized by mild interstitial inflammation with preserved alveolar structure, whereas unvaccinated pigs exhibited severe, diffuse interstitial pneumonia with hemorrhage. Average daily gain was numerically higher in vaccinated animals, though not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Overall, intradermal PRRSV-1 vaccination partially protected against heterologous HP-PRRSV-2, lowering disease severity and promoting early antibody production.

PMID:42488905 | PMC:PMC13390625 | DOI:10.3389/fvets.2026.1866378

Front Vet Sci. 2026 Jul 8;13:1886000. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2026.1886000. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Wildlife trafficking exposes parrots to stressful conditions that favor the transmission of infectious pathogens, including Salmonella pullorum and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. This study aimed to investigate seroreactivity against these pathogens and to evaluate the associated clinical, morphological, biochemical, metabolic, and hematological alterations in Amazona aestiva and Amazona amazonica parrots rescued from wildlife trafficking.

METHODS: Twenty-nine parrots rescued from wildlife trafficking were subjected to physical examination, morphological evaluation, hematological and biochemical analyses, and Rapid Serum Agglutination (RSA) testing for antibodies against M. gallisepticum and S. pullorum. Statistical comparisons were performed between reactive and non-reactive groups to identify laboratory alterations associated with seroreactivity.

RESULTS: Seroreactivity to M. gallisepticum was observed in 21.73% of A. aestiva and 14.3% of A. amazonica. For S. pullorum, 36.4% (8/22; 95% CI: 16.3-56.6%) of A. aestiva and 28.6% (2/7; 95% CI: 3.7-71.0%) of A. amazonica tested positive. Birds reactive to S. pullorum exhibited significantly lower total protein concentrations, whereas M. gallisepticum-reactive birds showed significantly lower leukocyte counts and higher glucose concentrations. Significant differences were also observed in calcium and sodium concentrations among groups. Reactive birds presented clinical alterations compatible with gastrointestinal and respiratory involvement, as well as changes in body condition and feather quality.

DISCUSSION: The findings indicate that parrots rescued from wildlife trafficking and reactive to S. pullorum or M. gallisepticum may exhibit important clinical and laboratory alterations suggestive of multisystemic impairment. As the RSA test detects circulating agglutinating antibodies without distinguishing immunoglobulin classes or confirming active infection, positive results should be interpreted as evidence of previous exposure and immune response rather than current infection. Nevertheless, the findings reinforce the importance of sanitary surveillance, screening programs, and appropriate clinical management in wildlife rehabilitation centers to support animal health, conservation efforts, and prevention of pathogen dissemination.

PMID:42488904 | PMC:PMC13390629 | DOI:10.3389/fvets.2026.1886000

Front Vet Sci. 2026 Jul 8;13:1863158. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2026.1863158. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cephalopina titillator (C. titillator) is the causative agent of camel nasopharyngeal myiasis and is widespread in camel-rearing regions worldwide, causing impaired health, reduced productivity, and economic losses. However, despite the veterinary importance of C. titillator, global epidemiological evidence remains limited and fragmented, and no comprehensive synthesis of prevalence data across camel-rearing regions has previously been conducted. The objective of this review was to estimate the global pooled prevalence of C. titillator infestation in camels. In addition, subgroup analyses were made to assess the effect of camel species, geographic region, and study period on the pooled prevalence of C. titillator infestation.

METHODS: The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The review protocol was prospectively registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under registration number CRD420261344750. A literature search was conducted in multiple databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), Google Scholar, and CAB Direct (Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International database; CABI). Pooled prevalence was estimated by a random-effects meta-analysis using R software. Heterogeneity of the prevalence reports was assessed using Cochran’s Q and the I² statistic. Funnel plot and Egger’s test were used for assessing study bias.

RESULTS: Forty-one epidemiological studies involving 18,959 camels from 11 countries were included in this review. The pooled prevalence of C. titillator infestation was 67% (95% CI: 59-75%). Heterogeneity among studies was very high (I² = 99.1%, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed significant differences in pooled prevalence among study regions (p = 0.0016), whereas pooled prevalence was not significantly affected by study period or camel species (p > 0.05). Although the funnel plot showed slight asymmetry, Egger’s regression test did not indicate statistically significant small-study effects (p = 0.497).

CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis demonstrated a high pooled prevalence of C. titillator infestation (67%; 95% CI: 59-75%) and revealed important geographical variation across camel-rearing countries, highlighting the substantial epidemiological burden of infestation and the need for region-specific surveillance and control strategies.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO, Registration No. CRD420261344750. Publicly accessible at: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=1344750.

PMID:42488901 | PMC:PMC13388046 | DOI:10.3389/fvets.2026.1863158

JB JS Open Access. 2026 Jul 24;11(3):e26.00192. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.OA.26.00192. eCollection 2026 Jul-Sep.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Physical therapy (PT) is essential to recovery after orthopaedic surgery, yet predictors of postoperative PT utilization across procedure types remain poorly understood. This study aimed to identify demographic and clinical predictors of PT utilization after 8 common orthopaedic procedures using a diverse national cohort.

METHODS: Patients undergoing 8 orthopaedic procedures were identified from the National Institutes of Health All of Us Research Program. The primary outcome was PT utilization within 180 days of surgery. Sequential multivariable logistic regression evaluated predictors of PT utilization, adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, insurance, employment, preoperative PT, 0- to 14-day postoperative opioid prescriptions, and procedure type. Procedure-stratified analyses were performed. Statistical significance was set as p < 0.050.

RESULTS: Among 12,666 patients (59% female; mean age, 58 ± 13 years), including 1,531 (12%) Hispanic/Latino and 1,445 (11%) Black patients, overall postoperative PT utilization was 44%. Female sex was associated with lower odds of PT utilization compared with male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78 to 0.92; p < 0.001), an effect that persisted after full adjustment. Preoperative PT (aOR, 8.91; 95% CI, 7.75-10.23; p < 0.001) and 0- to 14-day postoperative opioid prescriptions (aOR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.50-1.83; p < 0.001) were independently associated with higher PT utilization. The association between female sex and lower PT utilization reached statistical significance in the total knee arthroplasty subgroup only in procedure-stratified analyses (aOR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.91; p = 0.001). PT utilization was associated with lower 90-day emergency department visits (aOR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.59-0.76; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative PT and early postoperative opioid prescriptions were the strongest predictors of postoperative PT utilization. Female sex was associated with lower PT utilization after comprehensive adjustment, although structural and unmeasured factors may partially account for this finding. These findings identify factors associated with rehabilitation access after orthopaedic surgery. Preoperative PT engagement, equitable opioid-prescribing practices, and strategies to address insurance-related barriers warrant further investigation as potential approaches to improve postoperative rehabilitation access.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, Prognostic. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

PMID:42488892 | PMC:PMC13391136 | DOI:10.2106/JBJS.OA.26.00192

JB JS Open Access. 2026 Jul 24;11(3):e25.00300. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.OA.25.00300. eCollection 2026 Jul-Sep.

ABSTRACT

» Native femoral version (NFV) demonstrates inconsistent correlation with prosthetic femoral version (PFV) and should not be relied upon in isolation for femoral version planning in cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA). » Final stem version is strongly influenced by intramedullary canal morphology, fixation mechanics, and stem design philosophy. Straight, tapered wedge, and diaphyseal-engaging stems demonstrate greater variability in PFV, whereas anatomic and calcar-guided short stems may better preserve NFV. » Current planning methods inadequately characterise three-dimensional canal anatomy and fail to simulate canal-stem interaction, limiting accurate prediction of PFV. » Intraoperative estimation methods remain inconsistent and highly dependent on surgeon experience. Robotic-assisted THA enables real-time PFV measurements and supports femur-first strategies to optimise combined anteversion, although current systems still rely on computed tomography templating without true canal-stem interaction modelling. » Reliable PFV prediction will likely require next-generation planning platforms integrating internal canal anatomy, statistical shape modelling and artificial intelligence-driven modelling into planning workflows.

PMID:42488890 | PMC:PMC13391145 | DOI:10.2106/JBJS.OA.25.00300

Vet Med Int. 2026 Jul 22;2026:5535645. doi: 10.1155/vmi/5535645. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

Endoparasites are a major health concern affecting equine productivity and welfare worldwide. Understanding farmers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward parasite control is critical for designing effective interventions. This study assessed KAP levels among farmers in South Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, and identified factors associated with good KAP. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 farmers. KAP scores were initially categorized into three levels (low, moderate, and high) and analyzed using chi-square (χ ²) tests to explore bivariate associations. For logistic regression analyses, KAP outcomes were dichotomized into good and poor categories. Univariable and multivariable binary logistic regression models were used to identify independent predictors of good KAP, with p ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. The study employed representative sampling across districts, a pretested questionnaire, and comprehensive adjustment using multivariable logistic regression to enhance the reliability of the findings. Among 150 respondents, 120 (80%) were male and 30 (20%) female. The majority were adults (50.7%), followed by young (34.7%) and old (14.7%) age groups. Nearly half of the participants were with no formal education (49.3%), 44% had primary education, and 6.7% had secondary education. Farmers were evenly distributed across three districts (Dera, Fogera, and Libokemkem), and most (n = 123, 82%) lived within 1-10 km of a veterinary facility. Overall, 52.7% of farmers demonstrated good knowledge, 66.7% exhibited a positive attitude, and 91.3% reported good practices toward equine endoparasites. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis using SPSS (v. 27) revealed that, for knowledge, adults (AOR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.03-0.50) and older farmers (AOR = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.02-0.55) were less likely to have good knowledge compared to young farmers, whereas educated farmers were substantially more likely to have good knowledge (AOR = 15.8, 95% CI: 3.4-73.8). Regarding attitude, adults (AOR = 0.015, 95% CI: 0.002-0.12) and older farmers (AOR = 0.013, 95% CI: 0.001-0.12) were less likely to have a positive attitude, while education (AOR = 18.5, 95% CI: 5.0-68.0) and residence in Libokemkem district (AOR = 3.80, 95% CI: 1.36-10.57) were positively associated with good attitude. For practice, good practices were more likely among adult farmers (AOR = 54.5, 95% CI: 4.8-620), but less likely among females (AOR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04-0.78) and farmers living > 10 km from veterinary services (AOR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.004-0.95). Age and education were key determinants of farmers’ KAP toward equine endoparasite control. Hence, targeted educational interventions focusing on different age and education groups could improve parasite management practices in this region.

PMID:42488887 | PMC:PMC13389813 | DOI:10.1155/vmi/5535645

Vet Med Int. 2026 Jul 22;2026:9933937. doi: 10.1155/vmi/9933937. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

Newcastle disease (ND) is a notifiable and highly contagious disease causing a significant economic loss in village chicken production. So, a cross-sectional study was conducted in the East Gojjam zone of Ethiopia to determine the status of ND among unvaccinated village chickens. The study sites were selected randomly. However, the chicken owners included were households that had at least four chickens with no prior history of ND vaccination. A total of 314 serum and 76 pooled tracheal and cloacal swab samples were collected from apparently healthy birds. The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were conducted for serological and virological tests, respectively. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 20 software package. Descriptive statistics and generalized linear mixed models were used for data analysis. The overall seroprevalence rate at the individual chicken level was found to be 93% (292/314 chickens). At the household level, ND was identified in all sampled households, with a minimum of two seropositive chickens found in each household. However, these chickens tested negative for the ND virus by RT-PCR. The seroprevalence rates of the NDV at each study site were 95.0%, 96.0%, and 86.9% for Gozamin, Enemay, and Debre Elias woredas, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) observed among the study sites through descriptive analysis. Chickens from households where ND had occurred showed a significant association with seropositivity (p = 0.023, COR = 2.72). Contact with other flocks was the primary risk factor identified, with chickens that had such contact showing significantly higher odds of ND seropositivity compared to those that did not (p < 0.001, AOR = 5.18). Furthermore, households with access to veterinary service demonstrated significantly higher odds of NDV seropositivity (p = 0.006, AOR = 5.07) in comparison to those without such access. This implies that professional services in the area are utilized reactively in response to disease occurrence rather than as a proactive preventive measure. The findings revealed that the ND virus antibodies in village chicken were very high, indicating that ND is the major disease in the area that can threaten village chicken production. Therefore, programmed immunization is vital in order to prevent the occurrence of the disease. Awareness creation among smallholder farmers on the prevention and control measures for ND is recommended. Additionally, further research focusing on the virus strain identification is required.

PMID:42488886 | PMC:PMC13389809 | DOI:10.1155/vmi/9933937

Niger Med J. 2026 Mar 26;66(6):2128-2144. eCollection 2025 Nov-Dec.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopy is underutilized in underdeveloped countries. The residency program provides a good opportunity to introduce laparoscopy to gynecology trainees. This study aimed to evaluate residents’ exposure and education on laparoscopic training in gynecology across different centers in Southwest Nigeria.

METHODOLOGY: This study was carried out among 75 resident doctors in gynecology across four centers in Southwest Nigeria. Data was collected using a modified pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Continuous and categorical variables were summarized, and the Chi-square test was used to test for statistical associations at p<0.05.

RESULTS: The study found that two-thirds of the respondents had attended a local training program in laparoscopy, and 81.3% of the residents had an above-average level of knowledge. The level of knowledge of laparoscopy was significantly associated with the cadre of the residents, center, and the level of exposure of the residents to laparoscopy (χ2 = 7.040, p= 0.008; χ2 = 19.233, p= 0.001; χ2 = 28.440, p= 0.001). While laparoscopy facilities were available in almost all centers, the average monthly laparoscopy procedure was 2.40±1.25. Only about half of the doctors have assisted in laparoscopic procedures, and just 4.0% have performed a laparoscopic procedure under supervision. Exposure to laparoscopy was associated with the cadre, center, the average number of laparoscopies performed per month in the center, availability of training programs for laparoscopy and the availability of skills lab (χ2 = 10.215, p= 0.001; χ2 = 25.182, p= 0.001; χ2 = 15.444, p= 0.001; χ2 = 35.810, p= 0.001; χ2 = 8.214, p= 0.004). Factors limiting exposure and expertise included lack of funds, low surgeon motivation, lack of trained personnel, and institutional support.

CONCLUSION: The study indicates high knowledge and exposure to laparoscopy among Southwest Nigerian doctors, but low competence, emphasizing the need for further inclusion in Nigeria’s postgraduate training programs.

PMID:42488881 | PMC:PMC13391114