Nevin Manimala

Rev Paul Pediatr. 2022 Jul 6;41:e2021189. doi: 10.1590/1984-0462/2023/41/2021189. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of anthropometric indicators that identify excess body fat (BF) in adolescents.

METHODS: This is a methodological study that used probability cluster sampling through school and class draws. Data collection included sociodemographic characteristics and anthropometric measures. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), conicity index (C index), and waist circumference (WC) were calculated. Body fat percentage (BF%) was calculated from skinfold thickness and used as the gold standard. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, and Youden’s index were used, in addition to correlation coefficient calculation between the indicators and BF%.

RESULTS: A total of 997 adolescents enrolled in municipal secondary schools participated in the study. By calculating the BMI, we found that 10.6% of adolescents were overweight, and 4.7% were obese. BMI, WC, and WtHR had the highest accuracy to predict body fatness. All the anthropometric indicators had higher specificity than sensitivity to diagnose excess BF in males. WC had the highest sensitivity in both genders. C index had the smallest area under the ROC curve and the lowest sensitivity in both genders, but its specificity was equivalent to that of the other indicators.

CONCLUSIONS: BMI, WtHR, and WC were the best anthropometric indicators to predict excess BF in adolescents and had the best correlation coefficients. These tools can be considered in the screening to detect excess BF in adolescents.

PMID:35830159 | DOI:10.1590/1984-0462/2023/41/2021189

Braz Oral Res. 2022 Jul 11;36:e098. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0098. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

The high concentration of glucose in the blood in Type 2 diabetes (T2D) may be related to either insulin resistance or insulin deficiency. Moreover, the literature points to periodontitis as the main oral disease caused by glycemia imbalance. The quantification of inflammatory markers in blood or saliva samples of T2D patients may represent a valuable tool in revealing how well an individual’s immune system can respond to injuries and periodontal treatment. In addition, an evaluation of the cytokine expression is extremely relevant to help understand the connection between periodontitis and T2D. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the expression of inflammatory markers in T2D patients with periodontitis, compared with non-diabetic patients with periodontitis. A total of 3,894 studies were retrieved after a systematic literature search, 15 of which were included in the systematic review, and 4 of these 15, in the meta-analysis. The results did not indicate any statistical difference between the groups regarding TNF-α and IL-6 markers. T2D patients with periodontitis had increased levels of IL-10, compared with non-diabetic individuals with periodontitis (p = 0.003). On the other hand, the IL-4 concentration in non-diabetic individuals with periodontitis was high, compared with the T2D group (p< 0.001). Several studies did not include quantitative results and were excluded from the meta-analysis. The high IL-10 expression and low IL-4 expression in the T2D group suggest an association between the level of these markers and the impairment of the immune response in T2D patients with periodontitis.

PMID:35830142 | DOI:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0098

Braz Oral Res. 2022 Jul 11;36:e097. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0097. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

Titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2-nts) were incorporated into a glass ionomer cement (GIC) with improved mechanical properties and antibacterial activity. The aims of the present in vitro study were to define the elemental characterization, aluminum (Al) release rate, and initial working time for GIC reinforced with TiO2-nts, in an experimental caries model. TiO2-nts were incorporated into GIC powder components at 5% by weight, and compared with unblended GIC. Experimental approaches used energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), and brightness loss to define surface element properties, Al release rates, and initial working time, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed by 2-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test, generalized linear models, and Student’s t test (a = 0.05). EDS data analysis revealed that TiO2-nts incorporated into GIC had no significant impact on the typical elemental composition of GICs in an in vitro caries model. Regarding the demineralizing solution, GIC with TiO2-nt significantly decreased the Al release rate, compared with the control group (p < 0.0001). Moreover, TiO2-nt incorporated into GIC did not alter the initial working time of the material (p > 0.05). These findings add information to our scientific body of knowledge concerning the potential impact of TiO2-nt on the performance of conventional GICs.

PMID:35830141 | DOI:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0097

Braz Oral Res. 2022 Jul 11;36:e089. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0089. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate the associations between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and patient-associated factors and polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and 2 (ESR2) genes in patients with dentofacial deformities (DFD). This cross-sectional study included 234 adult individuals. Data such as age, sex, and the type of facial profile (I, II, or III), were collected, and the short-form oral health impact profile 14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire was used to assess their OHRQoL. DNA was collected from oral mucosa cells, and the polymorphisms in ESR1 (rs2234693 and rs9340799) and ESR2 (rs1256049 and rs4986938) were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The data were subjected to statistical analysis at a significance level of 5%. Individuals over 28 years of age exhibited worse OHRQoL (p = 0.003) than individuals aged less than or equal to 28 years. Women had worse OHRQoL than men (p < 0.001). Profile II individuals had worse OHRQoL in the social disability domain than profile III individuals (p = 0.030). Genetic analysis showed that rs9340799 was associated with OHRQoL in the functional limitation domain, and GG individuals exhibited worse OHRQoL than individuals carrying the AA/AG genotypes (p < 0.030). In the social handicap domain, individuals with GG genotype in rs9340799 exhibited worse OHRQoL than AG individuals (p < 0.043). Collectively, our results reveal that factors including age, sex, and type of facial profile, are associated with OHRQoL in patients with DFD. In addition, individuals with the GG genotype in rs9340799 (ESR1) may experience a negative impact on OHRQoL in the functional limitation and social handicap domains.

PMID:35830136 | DOI:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0089

Braz J Biol. 2022 Jul 11;84:e262480. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.262480. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

Previous domestic and foreign studies have shown the significant effect of Talaromyces flavus on growth inhibition of some important plant pathogens including Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. In Iran, it is necessary to produce new formulations of this fungus based on modern technologies given the importance of attracting companies producing biological control agents and transferring the technical knowledge of mass production of formulations of these agents to them. In the present study, based on the method presented in the Pesticide Research Department of the Iranian Plant Protection Research Institute, two types of T. flavus formulations in the form of nano-capsules containing Talaromyces flavus with two forms of powder and suspension were prepared using nanotechnology. In the next step, during the greenhouse examination, the efficiency of each of these new formulations in concentrations of one to five per thousand for soil addition method and concentration of five per thousand for seed impregnation method (six treatments for each of the two new formulations) was compared with the registered formulation of Talaromin in two methods of seed impregnation and soil addition with healthy control and infected control to control cotton Verticillium wilt disease, in the form of a randomized complete block design with 16 treatments and 5 replications. After statistical analysis of the data obtained by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test by MS TAT C software, the results showed that in terms of disease severity among treatments with the previous formulation (Talaromin) with each of the methods of soil addition and seed impregnation, there was no statistically significant difference between nano-suspension with each of the concentrations of one, four and five per thousand by the soil addition method and nano-powder with each of the concentrations of two and three per thousand by soil addition method, and the mentioned treatments were included in one statistical group in terms of disease severity with healthy control.

PMID:35830133 | DOI:10.1590/1519-6984.262480

Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2022 Jul 8;30:e3586. doi: 10.1590/1518-8345.5592.3587. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: the aim of the present article was to test a self-care model explained by the relationship between self-efficacy, body image, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and depression in people with bariatric surgery in the city of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.

METHOD: this was a correlational cross-sectional study carried out between August and December 2020. Validated instruments were administered to 102 participants to measure their self-care capacity, general self-efficacy, psychopathological symptoms, and body image perception and satisfaction. The variables of interest were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to develop a model using path analysis.

RESULT: a significant model was obtained with adequate goodness-of-fit indicators (chi-square χ2 (8) = 11.451, p = .177; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)= 0.000; goodness-of-fit index (GFI)= 0.965; comparative fit index (CFI)= 0.985; parsimonious normed fit index (PNFI)= 0.509, and Akaike information criterion (AIC)= 37.451). Self-efficacy (Zβ=0.294) and body image dissatisfaction (So= -0.376) were shown to influence self-care abilities while psychopathological symptoms influenced body dissatisfaction: obsessive-compulsive disorder (Zβ=0.370) and depression (Zβ=0.320).

CONCLUSION: adequate levels of self-efficacy and body satisfaction predict a high capacity for self-care.

PMID:35830125 | DOI:10.1590/1518-8345.5592.3587

Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2022 Jul 8;30:e3579. doi: 10.1590/1518-8345.5758.3579. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the association of Metabolic Syndrome and its components among Primary Health Care Nursing professionals in the state of Bahia, Brazil, according to professional category.

METHOD: a cross-sectional, population-based and multicenter study conducted with 1,125 Nursing professionals. The independent variable was the professional category, dichotomized into technical and higher education levels. The outcome was Metabolic Syndrome following criteria from the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III based on anthropometric measurements and blood samples. The statistical analysis was performed by calculating the prevalence ratios and using Pearson’s Chi-square test.

RESULTS: the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome was higher in the technical level category (PR=1.64; CI=1.29 – 2.06; p≤0.01). When compared to Nurses, these professionals were older, had lower incomes, worked more on duty and performed less physical activity on a regular basis. Among the Nurses, the most prevalent component was altered cholesterol (40.5%) and among the Nursing Technicians/Assistants, it was abdominal obesity (47.3%).

CONCLUSION: the association between the Nursing category and Metabolic Syndrome was evident, with higher occurrence among technical level professionals.

PMID:35830123 | DOI:10.1590/1518-8345.5758.3579

Braz Oral Res. 2022 Jul 8;36:e093. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0093. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was to evaluate how the association of solvents (tetrahydrofuran [THF], dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO], ethanol [ET] or acetone [ACT]) with experimental dental adhesives affects selected properties of experimental dental adhesives and dentin bond durability. Six adhesive combinations were prepared containing: 30 % ET, 30 % ACT, 30 % THF, 28 % ET + 2 % DMSO (ET+DMSO), 15 % ethanol + 15 % THF (ET+THF), or 28 % THF + 2 % DMSO (THF+DMSO). Thirty-six molars (n = 6) were cut to expose the coronary dentin, and were randomly divided according to the adhesives. They were restored, and then cut into resindentin sticks (1 mm²), and stored in distilled water for 24 h or 6 months, until conducting the microtensile bond strength and nanoleakage tests. Other experiments performed with adhesives included viscosity assessment using a rheometer, and degree of conversion using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The data were analyzed statistically using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). The adhesive formulated exclusively with THF showed the highest viscosity, followed by ET+THF, which obtained the highest degree of conversion compared to ET, and THF alone. ET+DMSO obtained the highest 24-h and aged bond strengths (p < 0.05). ET+THF increased the nanoleakage slightly after 6 months, but attained the only gap-free adhesive interface among all the groups. The combination of alternative solvents, particularly THF, with conventional ones (ET) has improved chemical properties, and the dentin bonding of experimental simplified adhesives.

PMID:35830119 | DOI:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0093

Arq Bras Cardiol. 2022 Jul;119(1):87-94. doi: 10.36660/abc.20210477.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Catheter ablation is a well-established therapy for rhythm control in patients who are refractory or intolerant to anti-arrhythmic drugs (AAD). Less is known about the efficacy of catheter ablation compared with AAD as a first-line strategy for rhythm control in atrial fibrillation (AF).

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of catheter ablation vs. AAD in patients naïve to prior rhythm control therapies.

METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized controlled trials that compared catheter ablation to AAD for initial rhythm control in symptomatic AF and reported the outcomes of (1) recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATs); (2) symptomatic AF; (3) hospitalizations; and (4) symptomatic bradycardia. Heterogeneity was examined with I2statistics. P values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: We included five trials with 994 patients, of whom 502 (50.5%) underwent catheter ablation. Mean follow-up ranged from one to five years. Recurrences of AT (OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.25-0.52; p<0.001) and symptomatic AF (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.18-0.57; p<0.001), and hospitalizations (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.15-0.42; p<0.001) were significantly less frequent in patients treated with catheter ablation compared with AAD. Symptomatic bradycardia was not significantly different between groups (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.18-1.65; p=0.28). Significant pericardial effusions or tamponade occurred in eight of 464 (1.7%) patients in the catheter ablation group.

CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that catheter ablation has superior efficacy to AAD as an initial rhythm control strategy in patients with symptomatic AF.

PMID:35830118 | DOI:10.36660/abc.20210477

Arq Bras Cardiol. 2022 Jul;119(1):14-22. doi: 10.36660/abc.20210412.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) has been reported as a new prognostic marker in tumors and cardiovascular diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of SII with adverse cardiovascular events in patients with ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI).

METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 843 patients with STEMI. Patients were divided into two groups based on the median value of SII. Major adverse cardiovascular events were compared between SII groups. Cox regression analysis was used for detecting independent predictors of cardiovascular adverse events. The improvement of discrimination ability by adding SII to the traditional risk factors such as age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and male gender for major adverse events was calculated by c-statistics, integrated discrimination improvement, and net reclassification improvement. A two-sided p-value <0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS: High SII group was older than the low SII group (61.2±11.2, 59.2±7.9, respectively, p=0.002). The high SII group had higher rates of cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, revascularization, and composite major adverse cardiovascular events than the low SII group. SII was an independent predictor of all events mentioned above. Adding SII to traditional risk factors improved their discrimination ability for cardiovascular events. SII was superior to the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to- lymphocyte ratios for predicting cardiovascular adverse events.

CONCLUSION: SII was an independent predictor of major adverse events in patients with STEMI and may be used to improve the prediction of adverse events, especially when combined with traditional risk factors.

PMID:35830117 | DOI:10.36660/abc.20210412