Nevin Manimala

Clin Exp Dent Res. 2022 Oct 31. doi: 10.1002/cre2.657. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to find out the levels of serum vitamin D in periodontitis patients with and without type 2 diabetes and to compare them with healthy subjects.

METHODS: In this study, 48 periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (PDM), 53 periodontitis patients (P), and 42 controls who were in the age ranges of 30-50 years and had the entry requirements were selected. Plaque index, calculus index, modified gingival index, pocket depth, clinical attachment loss (CAL), and tooth loss were measured. Serum 25(OH)D level was estimated by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, and fasting blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin were estimated by biochemical colorimetric assays.

RESULTS: The mean serum 25(OH)D level was 17.06 ± 10.73, 15.12 ± 7.74, and 14.17 ± 11.04 ηg/ml for PDM, P, and control groups, respectively, showing no statistical difference. The mean CAL was significantly high in diabetic patients as compared to other groups. Prediabetes prevalence was significantly high in periodontitis patients as compared to controls.

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was high in the population studied. Serum levels of 25(OH)D showed no significant difference between groups. Periodontitis patients showed an elevated risk for diabetes.

PMID:36315109 | DOI:10.1002/cre2.657

J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2022 Oct 31. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001620. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:36315070 | DOI:10.1097/JCP.0000000000001620

Plant Physiol. 2022 Oct 31:kiac509. doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiac509. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Methyl salicylate imparts a potent flavor and aroma described as medicinal and wintergreen that is undesirable in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum) fruit. Plants control the quantities of methyl salicylate through a variety of biosynthetic pathways, including the methylation of salicylic acid to form methyl salicylate and subsequent glycosylation to prevent methyl salicylate emission. Here, we identified a subclade of tomato methyl esterases, SALICYLIC ACID METHYL ESTERASE1-4, responsible for demethylation of methyl salicylate to form salicylic acid in fruits. This family was identified by proximity to a highly significant methyl salicylate GWAS locus on chromosome 2. Genetic mapping studies in a biparental population confirmed a major methyl salicylate locus on chromosome 2. Fruits from SlMES1 knockout lines emitted significantly (p-value<0,05, t-test) higher amounts of methyl salicylate than wild-type fruits. Double and triple mutants of SlMES2, SlMES3 and SlMES4 emitted even more methyl salicylate than SlMES1 single knockouts-but not at statistically distinguishable levels-compared to the single mutant. Heterologously-expressed SlMES1 and SlMES3 acted on methyl salicylate in vitro, with SlMES1 having a higher affinity for methyl salicylate than SlMES3. The SlMES locus has undergone major rearrangement, as demonstrated from genome structure analysis in the parents of the biparental population. Analysis of accessions that produce high or low levels of methyl salicylate showed that SlMES1 and SlMES3 are the genes expressed the highest in the low methyl salicylate lines. None of the MES genes were appreciably expressed in the high methyl salicylate producing lines. We concluded that the SlMES gene family encodes tomato methyl esterases that convert methyl salicylate to salicylic acid in ripe tomato fruit. Their ability to decrease methyl salicylate levels by conversion to salicylic acid is an attractive breeding target to lower the level of a negative contributor to flavor.

PMID:36315067 | DOI:10.1093/plphys/kiac509

Nurs Forum. 2022 Oct 31. doi: 10.1111/nuf.12817. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Shared governance is a structural framework for operationalizing nursing ownership and accountability for nursing practice. Healthcare institutions are striving to promote healthy and satisfactory work conditions to retain their qualified personnel and achieve organizational stability and high care quality. However, little is known about nurses’ participation in governance in developing countries.

AIM: This study aims to evaluate the levels of shared governance, also known as professional governance, among nurses in Jordan. The demographics of the study participants will also be assessed.

METHODS: The current study used a cross-sectional design implementing an anonymous online survey technique to collect data from 111 nurses on the Index of Professional Nursing Governance (IPNG). Descriptive statistics were performed to evaluate the nurses’ perception of the concept of shared governance in the domains of personnel, information, resources, participation goals and conflict resolution, and practice.

RESULTS: Among the 111 nurses, 55% of the participants were females, 45.5% were affiliated with governmental hospitals, and about half of them worked in critical care units. The analysis showed that the mean score for the total IPNG was 113 (SD = 26.28). The analyses of the mean scores of IPNG domains ranged from 11.5 (SD = 4.6) for goals and conflict resolution to 23.8 (SD = 5.7) for access to information.

DISCUSSION: The results revealed that nurses’ average perception of professional governance demonstrated shared governance, and more specifically, in the lower level of shared governance where decisions are made primarily by management with some staff input. Analysis of the domains of governance revealed that participants’ scores corresponded with shared governance in the areas of information, resources, goals and conflict, and practice, while traditional governance was prevalent in the governance of nursing personnel and participation.

CONCLUSION: There is an agreement on the need of moving the position of frontline nurses to the center of their organizations where equity, accountability, and ownership are the pillars of participative governance. Frontline nurses need further empowerment to be more actively engaged especially in the management of nursing staff and related structures and in the participation in structures connected to governance activities at different organizational levels such as in committees.

PMID:36315058 | DOI:10.1111/nuf.12817

Psychol Health Med. 2022 Oct 31:1-8. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2141276. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Physical and mental health symptoms can reduce participation in physical activity. The current study assessed the impact of a bout of exercise on mood state in depressed participants with and without current physical pain. We enrolled a community sample of 147 participants (M_age = 45.5; SD = 11.98; 87.1% female) with elevated depressive symptoms. Individuals rated their mood state, completed a 1-mile walk test on a treadmill, and rated their mood state again. Pairwise comparisons between pre- and post-exercise mood ratings were statistically significant (p < .001) and showed improved mood state. People with at least moderate pain showed greater decreases in sadness and irritability from pre- to post- exercise bout. A single bout of exercise was associated with decreased sadness, anxiety, and irritability, and increased energy in a sample of adults with depression. The changes in sadness and irritability were greatest in those who reported at least moderate physical pain.

PMID:36315041 | DOI:10.1080/13548506.2022.2141276

Epidemiol Infect. 2022 Oct 31;150:e175. doi: 10.1017/S0950268822001558.

ABSTRACT

Nontyphoidal salmonellosis is the leading reported foodborne illness in Florida. Although the diversity of Salmonella serotypes circulating in Florida has been identified, the geographical characteristics of the major serotypes are poorly described. Here we examined the geospatial patterns of 803 whole-genome sequenced Salmonella isolates within seven major serotypes (Enteritidis, Newport, Javiana, Sandiego, Braenderup, Typhimurium and I 4,[5],12:i:-) with the metadata obtained from Florida Department of Health during 2017-2018. Geographically, the distribution of incidence rates varied distinctively between serotypes. Illnesses with Enteritidis and Newport serotypes were widespread in Florida. The incidence rate for Javiana was relatively higher in the north compared to the south. Typhimurium was concentrated in the northwest, while I 4,[5],12:i:-, the monophasic variant of Typhimurium was limited to the south. We also evaluated space-time clustering of isolates at the zip code level using scan statistic models. Space-time clusters were detected for each major serotype during 2017-2018. The multinomial scan statistic found the risk of illness with Javiana was higher in the north and southwest in the fall of 2017 compared to other major serotypes. This serotype-specific clustering analysis will assist in further unpacking the associations between distinct reservoirs and illnesses with major serotypes in Florida.

PMID:36315003 | DOI:10.1017/S0950268822001558

J Magn Reson Imaging. 2022 Oct 31. doi: 10.1002/jmri.28467. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) multiecho balanced steady-state free precession (ME-bSSFP) has previously been demonstrated in preclinical hyperpolarized (HP) ¹³ C-MRI in vivo experiments, and it may be suitable for clinical metabolic imaging of prostate cancer (PCa).

PURPOSE: To validate a signal simulation framework for the use of sequence parameter optimization. To demonstrate the feasibility of ME-bSSFP for HP ¹³ C-MRI in patients. To evaluate the metabolism in PCa measured by ME-bSSFP.

STUDY TYPE: Retrospective single-center cohort study.

PHANTOMS/POPULATION: Phantoms containing aqueous solutions of [1-¹³ C] lactate (2.3 M) and [¹³ C] urea (8 M). Eight patients (mean age 67 ± 6 years) with biopsy-confirmed Gleason 3 + 4 (n = 7) and 4 + 3 (n = 1) PCa. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCES: ¹ H MRI at 3 T with T₂ -weighted turbo spin-echo sequence used for spatial localization and spoiled dual gradient-echo sequence used for B₀ -field measurement. ME-bSSFP sequence for ¹³ C MR spectroscopic imaging with retrospective multipoint IDEAL metabolite separation.

ASSESSMENT: The primary endpoint was the analysis of pyruvate-to-lactate conversion in PCa and healthy prostate regions of interest (ROIs) using model-free area under the curve (AUC) ratios and a one-directional kinetic model (k_P ). The secondary objectives were to investigate the correlation between simulated and experimental ME-bSSFP metabolite signals for HP ¹³ C-MRI parameter optimization.

STATISTICAL TESTS: Pearson correlation coefficients with 95% confidence intervals and paired t-tests. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

RESULTS: Strong correlations between simulated and empirical ME-bSSFP signals were found (r > 0.96). Therefore, the simulation framework was used for sequence optimization. Whole prostate metabolic HP ¹³ C-MRI, observing the conversion of pyruvate into lactate, with a temporal resolution of 6 seconds was demonstrated using ME-bSSFP. Both assessed metrics resulted in significant differences between PCa (mean ± SD) (AUC = 0.33 ± 012, k_P = 0.038 ± 0.014) and healthy (AUC = 0.15 ± 0.10, k_P = 0.011 ± 0.007) ROIs.

DATA CONCLUSION: Metabolic HP ¹³ C-MRI in the prostate using ME-bSSFP allows for differentiation between aggressive PCa and healthy tissue.

EVIDENCE LEVEL: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.

PMID:36315000 | DOI:10.1002/jmri.28467

Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2022 Oct 24. doi: 10.1097/SLE.0000000000001115. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The umbilicus is the only anatomic entrance and incision site for trans-umbilical laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (TU-LESS). Data on incisional surgical site infections (ISSI) and incision healing in TU-LESS are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to observe umbilical incision healing and possible hernia after TU-LESS and explore the efficacy of preoperative umbilicus preparation on ISSI.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Consecutive patients aged 18 to 65 years, who were scheduled to undergo TU-LESS at a teaching hospital between March 2020 and November 2021, were enrolled in this prospective study. All patients were randomized to the study group with preoperative umbilicus preparation 30 minutes before patients were sent to the operating room and to the control group without preparation. The umbilical dimple was disinfected twice using povidone-iodine in both groups before the skin incision. The primary outcome was ISSI within 30 days of surgery. Umbilical hernia at 3 months after surgery and perioperative data such as operation time, complications, and incision healing were recorded and compared.

RESULTS: A total of 400 patients were recruited for this study. TU-LESS was performed in all patients without major complications. ISSI occurred in 5 patients in the study group (2.5%) and 3 patients in the control group (1.5%), with no significant differences between both groups (P=0.479). No umbilical hernia occurred in any patient during the 3 months follow-up. Six patients in the study group (3.1%) and 1 in the control group (0.5%) experienced excessive scarring, a relatively high incidence in the study group, though the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.067).

CONCLUSIONS: TU-LESS-related umbilical hernias are rare with existing suturing methods. Umbilicus preparation before TU-LESS could not decrease ISSI; however, it increased the nursing workload, which should be avoided.

PMID:36314980 | DOI:10.1097/SLE.0000000000001115

Turk Arch Pediatr. 2022 Nov;57(6):644-650. doi: 10.5152/TurkArchPediatr.2022.22124.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome are rare inherited tubulopathies characterized by hypokalemic, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis. This study aimed to clarify the frequency of the phenotypic and genotypic subgroups, clinical features, long-term management, and prognosis of children diagnosed with Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome in this study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven patients with Bartter syndrome and 6 patients with Gitelman syndrome, who were followed up between 2004 and 2020 in a single center, were included in the study.

RESULTS: The median age of diagnosis was 4 months in patients with Bartter syndrome and 174 months in patients with Gitelman syndrome. At the last follow-up, a total of 12 Bartter syndrome patients had chronic kidney disease with a mean 7.79 ± 4.73 years of age; 5 (18.5%) of these patients had chronic kidney disease stage 2, 5 (18.5%) had chronic kidney disease stage 3, and 2 (7.4%) had chronic kidney disease stage 5. Of the 5 patients with Bartter syndrome with chronic kidney disease stage 2, 2 had CLCNKB and 1 had SLC12A1 gene mutation. Also, CLCNKB mutation was detected in 2 of 5 patients with Bartter syndrome with chronic kidney disease stage 3. Finally, 2 patients with Bartter syndrome with chronic kidney disease stage 5 had BSND mutation in one and CLCNKB mutation in the other. Estimated glomerular filtration rates of all patients with Gitelman syndrome were normal at the last follow-up. There was no statistically significant association of development of chronic kidney disease with genetic mutation, nephrocalcinosis, prematurity, and hypokalemia.

CONCLUSION: Patients with Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome may have a different clinical course due to the underlying genetic mutation. Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome require lifelong treatment, and regular follow-up is important to prevent advanced-stage chronic kidney disease.

PMID:36314956 | DOI:10.5152/TurkArchPediatr.2022.22124

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022 Oct;26(20):7550-7555. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202210_30026.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the prevalence of dental caries in first permanent molars among children aged 7-14 years in Saudi Arabia.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 6,089 panoramic radiographs of boys and girls aged 7-14 years who visited Riyadh Elm University Dental Hospital in Riyadh. All the panoramic radiographs were examined by five calibrated examiners for caries, filling, missing, and pulp therapy in the first permanent molars (FPMs). The Chi-square test was applied at a p<0.05.

RESULTS: A total of 24,356 FPMs were evaluated from the panoramic radiograph, 69.5% of FPMs were sound, 22.5% were carious, and 7.3% were treated. The prevalence of decayed FPMs was 30.5%. A statistically significant difference in the status of FPM was observed across genders. Caries in the mandibular FPM was significantly higher than those in the maxillary FPM at p<0.05.

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of caries in the FPM was relatively high, and females had more decay than males. Additionally, the mandibular FPMs showed higher levels of caries than the upper FPMs.

PMID:36314345 | DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202210_30026