Nevin Manimala

Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2021 Sep;50(5):763-774. doi: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2021.05.010.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed at association of family life, resilience and bullying on the use of tobacco in preadolescents.

METHODS: A total of 4792 students from 5 junior schools in Baise City were recruited with cluster-sampling method, filled with questionnaire of family life, resilience, parents' Control, bullying, initiation of tobacco and smoking from Feb. to Nov. 2018.The sample comprised of 52.63% male students and 46.66% female students. The average age was(11.8±0.5). There were 56.78% of students lived in city and 43.22% of students lived in county town; The nationality of the sample was as follows: Zhuang nationality 90.00%, Han nationality 7.62%, other minorities(Yao nationality, Miao nationality, Yi nationality, et al)2.05%. The Logistic regression was used to explore the effect.

RESULTS: There were 9.75% and 6.97% of the sample reported initiation of tobacco and smoking respectively. The initiation of tobacco and smoking of boys were higher than that of girls(initiation of tobacco: χ~2=57.230, P<0.001; smoking: χ~2=56.013, P<0.001). The multivariate Logistic analysis showed gender was statistically significant factor of initiation of tobacco(OR=0.468, 95%CI 0.377-0.582) and smoking(OR=0.422, 95% CI 0.324-0.551), and age was statistically significant factor of initiation of tobacco(OR=1.609, 95% CI 1.446-1.791) and smoking(OR=2.026, 95%CI 1.776-2.310). Bullying was statistically significant factors of smoking(OR=1.106, 95% CI 1.073-1.140). Three protective factors were associated with a lower likelihood of initiation of tobacco(individual power: OR=0.964, 95% CI 0.951-0.976; family cohesion, OR=0.946, 95% CI 0.892-0.984; family rules, OR=0.949, 95%CI 0.930-0.965) and smoking(individual power: OR=0.962, 95% CI 0.947-0.977; family cohesion, OR=0.937, 95%CI 0.885-0.992; family rules, OR=0.952, 95%CI 0.932-0.973)in the final subscale model.

CONCLUSION: Bullying increased the risk of smoking, while Individual power, family cohesion and family rules were associated with a lower likelihood of initiation of tobacco and smoking in preadolescents.

PMID:34749869 | DOI:10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2021.05.010

Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2021 Sep;50(5):735-755. doi: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2021.05.006.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the level of yogurt intake in the Chinese population and its relationship between the level of yogurt intake and metabolic syndrome.

METHODS: Samples were taken from populations in 8 cities in China. Dietary surveys, physical examinations, and blood sample were collected. The level of yogurt intake of the population were calculated and evaluated. The relationship between yogurt intake and metabolic syndrome and its components was analyzed by multiple logistic regression. The yogurt intake was investigated using a diet frequency questionnaire to record the frequency and intake of yogurt in the past month.

RESULTS: A total of 1508 respondents were included in this study, including 538 males and 970 females; the average age was 51.74 years; the distribution ratio in the North and South regions was 5∶4.The rate of Chinese population in 8 cities which eat yogurt was 50.1%. The intake of yogurt was 3.7 g/d. Yogurt accounts for 27.22% of dairy products. There were differences in the distribution of different yogurt intake groups in different genders, age groups, Body Mass Index(BMI)groups, regions, education levels, monthly income, and smoking. The differences in calcium, fruit, and total dairy product intake among different yogurt intake groups were statistically significant difference. Sample analysis found that yogurt intake was negatively correlated with metabolic syndrome and its components. We adjusted gender, age group, body mass index group, region, education grade, monthly income, smoking, total energy, protein, fat, Ca, fruit, total dairy products for multi-factor analysis and found that this negative correlation was weakened. But this negative correlation remained on abnormal blood glucose[OR=0.61(95%CI 0.42-0.89)].

CONCLUSION: The yoghurt intake of Chinese residents is low. The intake of yogurt has a negative correlation with abnormal blood glucose.

PMID:34749865 | DOI:10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2021.05.006

Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2021 Sep;50(5):728-734. doi: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2021.05.005.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether the association of community urbanization levels with overweight incidence changes over time and varies by region.

METHODS: The data is from the China Health and Nutrition Survey(1991-2015). The survey applied a multistage, random cluster design to draw samples. A total of 8684 adults aged 20-64 years were confined in nine provinces(autonomous regions). Based on an urbanicity score, communities were divided into two groups: low-and high-urbanization-level groups. The nine provinces(autonomous regions) were divided into four regions, including the Coast, Central, Northeast and West. Multilevel Logistic regression models was applied to examine whether the association between urbanization levels and overweight incidence changed over time and varied by region.

RESULTS: 38.08% of respondents became overweight during the follow-up surveys. The interactions between the high urbanization level with the Coast(OR=0.45, 95%CI 0.34-0.60), the Central(OR=0.67, 95%CI 0.52-0.86), and the Northeast(OR=0.70, 95%CI 0.52-0.94) were statistically significant. The interaction between the high urbanization level and period was also statistically significant(OR=0.97, 95%CI 0.96-0.99). In 1991, the Coast(OR=0.99, 95%CI 0.77-1.26), the high urbanization level was positively associated with overweight incidence in the Central(OR=1.45, 95%CI 1.15-1.83), Northeast(OR=1.53, 95%CI 1.16-2.02) and West(OR=2.18, 95%CI 1.68-2.83), with statistical significance. In 2015, the high urbanization level was significantly negatively associated with overweight incidence in the Coast(OR=0.53, 95%CI 0.41-0.68) and Central(OR=0.77, 95%CI 0.62-0.97), while the association in the Northeast(OR=0.82, 95%CI 0.63-1.05) and West(OR=1.17, 95%CI 0.91-1.49) was statistically insignificant.

CONCLUSION: There were spatiotemporal variations in the association between urbanization levels and overweight incidence among adults in the nine provinces(autonomous regions).

PMID:34749864 | DOI:10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2021.05.005

Chirurgia (Bucur). 2021 Oct;116(5):620-626. doi: 10.21614/chirurgia.116.5.620.

ABSTRACT

Background: The increased incidence of both colorectal cancer and diabetes mellitus, as well as the fact that they are important causes of high morbidity and especially mortality, place the two pathologies on the list of priorities of the health system. There are studies which have observed that diabetes mellitus is directly involved in carcinogenesis and is an independent risk factor for colorectal cancer. The diabetic patient requires a complex medical-surgical approach, so setting the risk criteria for them can be the starting point for improving the survival rate. Materials and methods: The association between colorectal cancer and diabetes mellitus as well as screening criteria were analyzed in a descriptive prospective study (442 patients) conducted in the Dr. I. Cantacuzino Clinical Hospital during 2017-2018. In the study, patients were distributed in two clusters, one with diabetes mellitus (N = 194) and one without diabetes mellitus (N = 248) in which basic clinical and laboratory evaluations were performed followed by screening colonoscopies. Results: Statistically significant (p 0.005) correlations were highlighted between 7 of the variables tested and the positive results on colonoscopy, which were subsequently combined to achieve a risk score. Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor and a negative prognostic factor for colorectal cancer. The risk score described as a result of this study is a feasible, simple solution for early detection of precursor lesions or neoplasms with the ultimate goal of improving the prognosis and survival of these patient.

PMID:34749858 | DOI:10.21614/chirurgia.116.5.620

Chirurgia (Bucur). 2021 Oct;116(5):599-608. doi: 10.21614/chirurgia.116.5.599.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Abdominal wall surgery for parietal defects is done by implanting a type of mesh in the surrounding tissue above or beneath the fascia layer of the abdominal wall. The most common type of mesh used is polypropylene which sometimes takes a lot of time to be covered by the fibrous tissue. In an attempt to accelerate the cellular binding on the mesh and so to increase the recovery rate, we developed a protocol with plasma derived products to accelerate the mesh integration. Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) and platelet rich plasma (PRP) were evaluated in promoting the collagen synthesis and cell proliferation on the mesh surface. Material and Methods: We evaluated 32 patients with different types of abdominal wall defects which required polypropylene mesh implants in open surgery with the mesh implanted above the aponeurosis layer. We divided the patients into 3 groups: standard procedure, mesh augmented with PRF only, mesh augmented with PRP only. Results: Even though the number of patients involved in the study has a very small impact for a statistical analysis, the pattern observed in our prospective study reveals from the beginning that augmenting the standard procedure with plasma derived products improve the outcome (mesh integration) up to 65% faster integration. Conclusion: The technique that we used to augment the standard implant is cost-effective and simple to use in the surgical theatre.

PMID:34749856 | DOI:10.21614/chirurgia.116.5.599

Chirurgia (Bucur). 2021 Oct;116(5):591-598. doi: 10.21614/chirurgia.116.5.591.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: A patent digestive anastomosis is not only the result of the surgery team experience, but also dependent on the patient̢??s factors. Accepting the possible dramatic effects of an anastomotic leak, identification of risk factors remains a priority in case management. Material and methods: Multifactorial assessment scores permit risk quantification, increase grade of suspicion and early management implementation. The correlation between diverse potential risk factors and anastomotic leak (AL) was studied. The identified risk factors were included in a predictive score system. FISTULA SCORE represents a feasible instrument based on 12 clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic variables, with good statistical significance (Se = 79.5%, Sp = 90.2%). Results: Anastomotic leaks (AL) were observed in 39 cases (7.68%) out of 508 patients analysed, appearing in days 2 Р10 after surgery, with a mean value of 6 days. FISTULA SCORE was based on attributed risks found in our study group for each factor and has the purpose to identify patients at risk for AL and, in some cases, to change the therapeutic or surgical strategy. In AL patients group, the mean score was 5.06 1.95 points, and in AL-free patients group Р1.57 1.61 points. Conclusions: The risk for AL must be appreciated and quantified with a multivariable scoring system. FISTULA SCORE can identify, with a good statistical significance, patient at risk for AL, changing the management of case, reducing length of stay, costs, morbidities, mortality and psychological effects on patient and medical stuff.

PMID:34749855 | DOI:10.21614/chirurgia.116.5.591

Chirurgia (Bucur). 2021 Oct;116(5):554-567. doi: 10.21614/chirurgia.116.5.554.

ABSTRACT

Background: We present a comparative analysis of survival, complications and major risk factors in patients who underwent surgery for pancreatic head carcinoma. Methods: This is a single-centre retrospective study aimed to evaluate clinical, surgical and pathoanatomical features of 467 patients who underwent radical surgery for pancreatic head carcinoma between September 2004 and October 2019. The series includes 88 patients (18.8%) with venous resections for borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Results: The estimated median survival rates were statistically significant with 19.3 months in pancreatoduodenal venous resections (VR) and 26.9 months in pancreatoduodenal resections (PDR), respectively (p=0.047). On the other hand, one, three, and five-year survival rates of 46.6%, 17.6% and 8.3% in VR, and 53.6%, 20.8%, 14.9% in PDR were not statistically significant (p=0.13, 0.5 and 0.11 respectively). Survival rates comparison in PDR, VR, and palliative procedures (PP) between the three groups showed statistical significance (p 0.05). The clinically relevant postoperative complications in venous resections (13.6%) vs. 14.8% in PDR were not statistically significant (p=0.77). Postoperative bleeding and reoperation (p 0.05) are independent prognostic factors for worse outcomes. There was no statistically significant relationship between survival and presence of vascular invasion (p=0.581). Conclusions: When performed by experienced surgeons at specialized high-volume centres, pancreatoduodenal resections combined with venous resection and reconstruction are reliable and safe surgical procedures.

PMID:34749851 | DOI:10.21614/chirurgia.116.5.554

J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2021 Nov 8. doi: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-21-000038. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Rectal prolapse (RP) is a common clinical condition in mice, that does not have a recognized or documented standard ofcare. At our institution, an average of 240 mice develop RP each year. Our practice has been to recommend euthanasia uponidentifying a RP based on its appearance as a painful or distressful condition. This study aimed to assess treatment options that would maintain the RP mucosa and allow mice to reach their study endpoint, and to evaluate the perception of this condition as a painful or distressful event. This study used 120 mice with spontaneous RP, concurrently assigned to ongoing research protocols. Mice were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: petroleum jelly, lidocaine jelly, or no treatment. Fecal samples were collected for pathogen testing, and all mice received an initial base score, followed by weekly blind scores. Upon euthanasia, RP tissue was collected for histopathology. Of the 120 mice identified with RP, 47 mice were breeders; 28% successfully produced 22 additional litters after developing RP. Seventy-three were nonbreeders, with 92% reaching their research study endpoint. No statistically significant differences were detected between the 3 treatment groups based on gross mucosal health, pain and distress, or histopathology. In this study, none of the mice in any group were euthanized based on the RP endpoint scoring criteria. These findings demonstrate that treatment is unnecessary for RP, and mice with RP did not show signs of pain or distress. In adherence to the 3Rs, this study supports animal number reduction and clinical refinement, allowing mice with RPs to reach their intended research study endpoints or produce additional litters.

PMID:34749842 | DOI:10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-21-000038

Res Involv Engagem. 2021 Nov 8;7(1):80. doi: 10.1186/s40900-021-00321-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Due to demographic changes and a strained public sector operating in many countries globally, informal care is increasing. Currently, at least 1.3 million adults in Sweden regularly provide help, support and/or care to a family member/significant other. With no sign of an imminent decrease in their caring activities, it is important that informal carers are considered as a key stakeholder group within research that affects them, e.g., the co-design of carer and/or dyadic support interventions. The objective of this descriptive, quantitative study was to investigate informal carers’ perceived motivations and obstacles to become involved in research.

METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, using first-wave data from a panel study. The data, collected in Sweden between September 2019 and March 2020, included survey responses from 147 informal carers who were either aged 60+ years themselves or were caring for someone who was aged 60+ years.

RESULTS: Our main results showed that informal carers are, in general, interested in research. Slightly fewer were interested in becoming actively involved themselves, but older age was the only characteristic significantly associated with less interest of being actively involved. Two latent motivational dimensions emerged from the factor analysis: ‘family motivation’ and ‘the greater good motivation’. These, according to our results, almost equally valued dimensions, described the differing reasons for informal carers to become involved in research. The most common perceived obstacle was lack of time and it was reported by more women than men.

CONCLUSION: Our study contributes with new knowledge of informal carers’ perceived motivations and obstacles regarding carer involvement in research. Paying attention to the differing motivational dimensions held by informal carers could help researchers create conditions for more inclusive and systematic participation of informal carers within research. Thereby, increasing the opportunities for research that is deemed to be of higher societal impact. IRRID (International Registered Report Identifier): RR2-10.2196/17759.

PMID:34749834 | DOI:10.1186/s40900-021-00321-x

Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2021 Nov 8:e3511. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3511. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Subclinical systemic inflammation may lead to development of type 2 diabetes, but there has been no investigation into its relationship with early progression of glycemic deterioration and insulin resistance, especially in younger population. In this study we assess longitudinal associations of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers with markers that assess glycemia and insulin resistance.

METHODS: This study includes 6537 initially nondiabetic children (mean age at baseline = 6.2 years) with repeated measurements from the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort study (mean follow-up = 5.3 years) from eight European countries. Markers of inflammation were used as independent variables and markers of glycemia/insulin resistance as dependent variables. Associations were examined using two-level growth model. Models were adjusted for sex, age, major lifestyle, metabolic risk factors, early life markers, and other inflammatory markers in final model.

RESULTS: Children with 6 years of follow-up showed that a one-unit increasea in z-score of leptin level was associated with 0.38 (95% CI = 0.32 to 0.44) unit increase in HOMA-IR z-scores. Leptin continued to be associated with HOMA-IR even when analysis was limited to children with no overall obesity, no abdominal obesity, and low to normal triglyceride levels. An inverse association was observed between IL-15 and HOMA-IR (β = -0.11, 95% CI = -0.15 to -0.07).

MAIN CONCLUSIONS: IL-15 should be evaluated further in the prevention or treatment of prediabetes whereas leptin may prove to be useful in early detection of prediabetes via their association with marker of insulin resistance in European children. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:34748681 | DOI:10.1002/dmrr.3511