Tag: nevin manimala

Mol Biol (Mosk). 2025 Nov-Dec;59(6):1002-1021. doi: 10.7868/S3034555325060104.

ABSTRACT

The emergence of new data on the association between the composition of the intestinal microbiota and various human diseases has generated increasing interest in microbiome research. In this context, selection of the DNA extraction method represents a critical stage in the design of the experiment, significantly affecting the reliability and reproducibility of results. This study presents a comparative analysis of 12 DNA extraction methods, including nine commercial kits and three laboratory protocols. We evaluated the taxonomic representation, including Gram-positive (Lactobacillaceae, Coprococcus spp., Streptococcus sp., Clostridium leptum) and Gram-negative bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae, Akkermansia muciniphila, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides fragilis). The extraction efficiency was assessed by the DNA yield, expressed in GE/pL of eluate or in GE/-µL of feces, as well as by the frequency of low-abundance taxa loss. Clustering of the methods according to the type of lysis was demonstrated: mechanical lysis provided stable and high DNA yields, particularly for Gram-positive bacteria, while chemical and enzymatic methods showed lower efficiency. We determined that the lysis type and pre-processing of intact fecal samples are the key factors affecting the DNA extraction efficiency and preservation of the native taxonomic profile. The best results were demonstrated by the QIAamp® PowerFecal® Pro DNA Kit (Qiagen) and the combination of AmpliTest UniProb + AmpliTest RIBO-prep kits (Center for Strategic Planning, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Russia), both of which outperformed other methods in terms of DNA yield. The QIAamp® Fast DNA Stool Mini Kit (Qiagen) showed minimal losses of low-abundance taxa. These findings can be used for the standardization of gut microbiota DNA extraction methodologies and the development of domestic protocols.

PMID:41477720 | DOI:10.7868/S3034555325060104

Mol Biol (Mosk). 2025 Nov-Dec;59(6):979-987. doi: 10.7868/S3034555325060086.

ABSTRACT

Ovarian cancer remains one of the most lethal malignancies with a five-year survival rate around 20% at III-IV stages, which determines the urgent need to develop new therapeutic approaches. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has demonstrated considerable promise as an oncolytic agent, capable of selectively lysing tumor cells, suppressing the metastatic potential and stimulating anti-tumor immunity. Despite the established therapeutic potential, studies that investigate oncolytic properties of this virus within the context of ovarian cancer remain limited. In this work, we evaluated oncolytic activity of the NDV vaccine strain H in SC-OV-3, TOV-21G and OV-90 ovarian cancer cell lines. Such parameters as ability to support viral replication and cell viability after infection were investigated. As a result, all three lines were permissive to NDV-H infection. Therapeutic efficacy in vivo was assessed using a model of TOV-21G subcutaneous xenografts in BALB/c nude mice. Upon intravenous administration of the virus, a statistically significant reduction in tumor volume was observed compared to the control group. Based on these results, NDV-H strain can be considered as a potential oncolytic agent for the treatment of ovarian cancer.

PMID:41477718 | DOI:10.7868/S3034555325060086

Mol Biol (Mosk). 2025 Nov-Dec;59(6):971-978. doi: 10.7868/S3034555325060076.

ABSTRACT

Although the role of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is widely recognized, its contribution to the initial stages of amyloid-induced pathology remains unclear. Intraventricular administration of β-amyloid (Aβ) causes acute amyloid toxicity, leading to neurodegenerative changes similar to AD. The acute phase, lasting several days, is a critical time window for studying early pathological mechanisms. In this work, we assessed the level of oxidative stress in the brain of BALB/c mice at the early stages of amyloid toxicity and the role of NOX2 in these processes. Analysis of key markers of oxidative stress in various fractions of brain homogenate on day 4 after Aβ administration showed that individual parameters demonstrated only a tendency to change, without reaching statistical significance. However, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a clear separation between the Aβ-treated and control groups, indicating the need for a comprehensive rather than isolated analysis of biochemical changes at early stages of pathology. It is noteworthy that the centroids of the groups in PCA were located along the same straight line, and the group receiving Aβ together with the NOX2 inhibitor occupied an intermediate position between the control and Aβ groups. This indicates partial suppression of oxidative stress through NOX2. At the same time, the NOX2 inhibitor completely prevented Aβ-induced microgliosis in the hippocampus, confirming that the concentration used was sufficient to suppress NOX2-dependent microglial activation. The in vivo data demonstrate that oxidative stress induced by Aβ administration may not be entirely mediated by NOX2, although this mechanism plays an important role in the initiation of the pathological process in AD.

PMID:41477717 | DOI:10.7868/S3034555325060076

Mol Biol (Mosk). 2025 Nov-Dec;59(6):928-937. doi: 10.7868/S3034555325060041.

ABSTRACT

Sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is widely used as a first-line drug for anxiety and depressive disorders. The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions observed with antidepressants are closely related to the concentration of this drug in the patient’s blood, but the vast majority of antidepressants demonstrate significant pharmacokinetic variability, leading to pronounced interindividual differences in the steady-state concentration of the drug in the blood and its efficacy even with the same dosing regimen. In this regard, it has become obvious that genetic markers alone are not enough to obtain the most complete profile of the efficacy and safety of a drug; a combination of genotyping methods with omics biomarkers is necessary. As a result of examination of patients, residents of the Republic of Bashkortostan, that had been diagnosed with mixed anxiety-depressive disorder (F41.2), it was found that polymorphic variants rs16947 (CYP2D6*2), rs389209 (CYP2D6*4), and rs1065852 (CYP2D6*10) of the CYP2D6 gene do not have a significant effect on the activity of CYP2D6. Genetically determined variations in the activity of the CYP2D6 isoenzyme lead to differences in the metabolism of sertraline and its active metabolite N-desmethylsertraline in different patients, which causes variability in their concentrations in the blood plasma. A statistically significant increase in the plasma concentrations of sertraline and N-desmethylsertraline was found in patients carrying the slow allelic variants rs3892097, rs1065852, and rs16947 of the CYP2D6 gene. A statistically significant moderate inverse correlation was found between the dose and the metabolic ratio C6-HO-THBC/CP. The results obtained are preliminary, which makes it necessary to continue this study with an expanded sample size.

PMID:41477714 | DOI:10.7868/S3034555325060041

Disabil Rehabil. 2026 Jan 1:1-23. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2025.2605172. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This pilot aimed to (1) assess the feasibility of “Smooth Sailing After Scams (SSAS)”, a novel 10-session cyberscam psychosocial group intervention, (2) explore the sensitivity of outcome measures in detecting intervention response in people with ABI.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 23 screened adults with ABI, 10 were enrolled (M_age = 59.5, SD = 13.0). A concurrent multiple-baselines single-case design with randomised baseline lengths (2, 4 or 6 weeks) and 2-month follow-up was conducted. SSAS addressed cybersafety, finances, emotions, relationships and lifestyle. Groups were delivered online (n = 2) and in-person (n = 2). Feasibility outcomes included recruitment, retention, attendance, satisfaction, adverse events, fidelity. Scam-related distress and coping were assessed thrice weekly (baseline), and weekly (intervention/follow-up). Secondary outcomes included cyberscam adjustment/engagement, cybersafety, mood, financial strategies, relationships, goal achievement. Data were analysed visually and statistically.

RESULTS: Eight participants completed SSAS, with no cancellations or adverse events; two remained on waitlist. Recruitment was lower than expected, but other feasibility indicators were strong. All avoided further scams and demonstrated meaningful progress in cyberscam adjustment between baseline and 2-month follow-up. Moderate effects were observed for reduced distress (4/8) and improved coping (3/8), maintained at follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS: SSAS was largely feasible and promising for supporting cyberscam adjustment. Findings will inform a future randomised-controlled trial.

PMID:41477699 | DOI:10.1080/09638288.2025.2605172

JMIR Med Educ. 2025 Dec 31. doi: 10.2196/77702. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound is very important in medicine and teaching, but there are not many formal training programs. We also don’t know much about what students think. To be good at using ultrasound, you need to learn technical, thinking, and seeing skills. This is especially true in regional anesthesia (RA), where mistakes in reading images can cause problems. Training with simulations is a safe and good way to learn these skills. Some models are helpful for teaching how to do procedures with ultrasound.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, localization time, and success rate of traditional versus a new simulation-based teaching method for regional anaesthesia designed by the investigators in undergraduate medical students.

METHODS: A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted at the University of Salamanca from April 2022 to January 2023. Thirty-four medical students in their 4th to 6th academic years were randomly allocated to either a simulation-based training group utilizing the Haptic US Probe (HUSP) or a traditional teaching group. The simulation approach employed a realistic probe replica and a software-based ultrasound environment, while the traditional method comprised a theoretical lecture and curated audiovisual materials. Two days post-training, participants underwent a blinded assessment requiring the identification of peripheral nerve plexuses using an ultrasound device. The primary outcome measured was the successful identification of nerves, and the secondary outcome was the time taken to complete each procedure. Data were analyzed using an intention-to-treat approach.

RESULTS: A total of 34 medical students (4th to 6th year) were recruited to compare traditional teaching with simulation-based training in ultrasound-guided nerve localization. No statistically significant differences were found in the success rates between the groups. For the interscalene approach, the traditional group achieved a 100% success rate compared to 82.3% in the simulation group (p=0.07). The time to task completion was similar across most procedures. In the sciatic nerve division, the traditional group was significantly faster, with a mean time of 74.67 s (p = 0.02). The regression models showed no significant interaction between the intervention type and academic year. Both teaching methods had positive educational impacts.

CONCLUSIONS: Simulation-based learning effectively supports competency acquisition in regional anaesthesia and offers a safe, scalable alternative to traditional methods. Its integration into medical curricula may standardize training, improve skill consistency, and enhance patient safety. Further multicentre studies with larger, diverse cohorts are needed to validate these benefits and guide implementation in medical education.

PMID:41477696 | DOI:10.2196/77702

Int J Pediatr. 2025 Dec 12;2025:1501028. doi: 10.1155/ijpe/1501028. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Delayed umbilical cord clamping (DCC) for 30-60 s after birth is recommended for both term and preterm infants. The additional neonatal blood volume rich in stem cells and immunoglobulins may protect the neonate from infections. We aim to compare the effect of DCC in term newborns on hyperbilirubinemia and respiratory infection-related pediatric emergency department (PED) encounters and hospitalizations within the first 6 months of life.

METHODS: We conducted a chart review of term infants born between January 1, 2022 and December 31, 2022 and grouped them as either having DCC or not having delayed umbilical cord clamping (nDCC) for 30-60 s after birth. Maternal and newborn characteristics, hyperbilirubinemia, respiratory infection-related PED encounters, hospitalizations, and length of stay in the initial 6 months after birth were compared. Data were analyzed using R software, a p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: Of the 2136 charts reviewed, 659 (31%) were in the DCC group. There were significantly fewer respiratory infection-related PED encounters (p < 0.001), fewer hospitalizations (p = 0.04), and a 5% lower incidence of hyperbilirubinemia in the DCC group (95% CI: 0.86%-8.6%; p = 0.02). The length of stay of each hospitalization was not significantly different between the two groups, p = 0.07.

CONCLUSIONS: We observed fewer respiratory infection-related PED encounters and hospitalizations in the initial 6 months of life and a lower incidence of hyperbilirubinemia among the infants who had DCC. The increased blood volume and its components appear to be supportive of the neonate’s developing immune system as seen in the lower disease burden up to 6 months of age.

PMID:41477680 | PMC:PMC12752858 | DOI:10.1155/ijpe/1501028

J Nurs Manag. 2025 Dec 29;2025:3338222. doi: 10.1155/jonm/3338222. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Nursing home staff turnover remains a concern in long-term care facilities, with implications for job performance, organisational morale and patient outcomes. This study explored the factors influencing intention to leave among nursing home care staff in Singapore and focused on the influence of demographic variables, work environment and job satisfaction.

METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was employed to collect data from 167 care staff working at two nursing homes in Singapore. Instruments included the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI), Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) and Intention to Leave Scale (ILS). Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including hierarchical multiple regression, to examine relationships between demographic characteristics, work environment, job satisfaction and intention to leave.

RESULTS: The study found a moderate overall intention to leave (mean ILS = 9.18, SD = 2.494). Female staff, mid-career professionals (aged 30-39) and nursing aides exhibited the highest turnover intentions. Job satisfaction, particularly in terms of managerial support and staffing adequacy, emerged as a significant predictor of intention to leave. Work environment factors, especially staffing and resource adequacy, are crucial in turnover intentions.

DISCUSSION: This study highlights key factors driving turnover intentions among nursing home care staff in Singapore. Interventions to mitigate turnover and improve staff retention are recommended to improve staffing levels, managerial support and career development pathways.

PMID:41477676 | PMC:PMC12748931 | DOI:10.1155/jonm/3338222

J Nurs Manag. 2025 Dec 30;2025:4922972. doi: 10.1155/jonm/4922972. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Nurses’ well-being at work has become a global concern due to persistent stressors such as staff shortages, shift work, emotional demands and limited autonomy. Most existing studies take a deficit-centred perspective, focussing on burnout or work stress and ignoring the complexity of holistic well-being.

AIM: The aim of this study was to assess nurses’ levels of well-being at work across six well-being domains and explore its relationship with job satisfaction, health status and functional limitations.

METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 767 nurses working in various healthcare institutions in Slovenia. The six-dimensional well-being scale for nurses, which was translated and psychometrically validated for this study, was used to assess physical, emotional, intellectual, social, occupational and spiritual well-being.

RESULTS: The overall median score for nurses’ well-being at work was 2.97 (on a scale of 1-5), slightly below the neutral midpoint (M = 3.00). Among the dimensions, physical (M = 3.12), emotional (M = 3.18) and spiritual (M = 3.21) were rated lowest, while social (M = 3.60) and occupational (M = 3.58) were rated highest. Nurses with long-term health conditions or activity limitations gave significantly lower scores for well-being in the physical, emotional and occupational domains (p < 0.001). Higher job satisfaction was positively correlated with general well-being (r _s = 0.327, p < 0.001). Age and length of service were weakly negatively correlated with several domains of well-being (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Nurses’ well-being at work has many facets and is influenced by personal health, job satisfaction and professional context. A holistic model can highlight strengths and weaknesses that are often overlooked in traditional, burnout-centred approaches.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nurse managers should incorporate well-being into HR policy through relationship-centred leadership, flexible working practises and values-led support. Interventions should include reflective spaces, mentoring and learning opportunities tailored to emotional, intellectual and spiritual development. Monitoring dimensions of well-being as a key performance measure can lead to sustainable improvements in healthcare.

PMID:41477675 | PMC:PMC12750141 | DOI:10.1155/jonm/4922972

J Nurs Manag. 2025 Dec 29;2025:4086275. doi: 10.1155/jonm/4086275. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Nurses face numerous challenges in clinical settings that can negatively affect their well-being. Little is known about bedside nurses’ well-being in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study explored the well-being of nurses working in Saudi Arabia and identified the contributing factors.

METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study that utilized convenience sampling. Data were collected from 550 nurses working in the Saudi healthcare sector. The Nurse Well-Being Index was utilized to measure the well-being. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and logistic regression.

RESULTS: The findings showed that 74.2% of nurses were at an increased risk of poor well-being, with frontline nurses facing a further increased risk of poor well-being (83%). Results showed significant associations between nurses’ well-being and level of education (p = 0.002), workplace (p < 0.001), practice setting (p < 0.001), working region (p < 0.001), bed capacity (p = 0.017), quality of nursing care (p < 0.001), and job satisfaction (p < 0.001). The regression analysis revealed that nurses’ well-being was significantly influenced by years of experience (OR = 0.881, p = 0.027), working region-western region (OR = 2.720, p = 0.031), practice setting-critical care and medical-surgical (OR = 7.492, p < 0.001; OR = 3.222, p = 0.047, respectively), and quality of nursing care (OR = 4.639, p = 0.003).

DISCUSSION: This study revealed that most nurses were at an increased risk of poor well-being. It also provided insights into various individual, organizational, and job-related factors that contribute to well-being. Future studies are needed to identify different aspects of nurses’ well-being to develop strategies for improving their well-being and reduce burnout and other detrimental health outcomes.

PMID:41477674 | PMC:PMC12748531 | DOI:10.1155/jonm/4086275