Tag: nevin manimala

Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2026 Mar 10. doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2025-0085. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Ionizing radiation is a known risk factor for the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases, particularly in patients receiving thoracic radiotherapy. This exposure leads to oxidative stress and inflammation, which can damage cardiac tissue and vascular endothelium. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has been recognized for its therapeutic potential, including antioxidant effects. In this study, male Wistar rats were irradiated with a dose of 10 Gy (X-rays) in the chest area. Two and nine days post-irradiation, significant increases in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), catalase, glutathione peroxidase activity, malondialdehyde, superoxide, and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels were observed in the rat blood plasma or heart tissue. Administration of H2 either via drinking H2-rich water (min. 4 mg/L) or inhaling H2 in air (4%), effectively decreased oxidative stress, LDH, and inflammatory proteins to normal levels. H2 also normalized the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1 (Nrf2/Keap1) pathway, an important antioxidative response regulator activated by irradiation. Based on these results, we can conclude that H2 administration through both routes mitigated heart damage caused by irradiation after two and nine days. The mitigating effect exerted more pronounced trend with H2 gas inhalation, but further research is needed for statistically relevant data and mechanistic insights.

PMID:41806364 | DOI:10.1139/cjpp-2025-0085

Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026 Mar 10:e22313. doi: 10.1002/advs.202522313. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Machine-learned interatomic potential (MLIP) has become a powerful tool to combine the accuracy of quantum mechanics with the efficiency of molecular dynamics in the era of artificial intelligence. However, a key open question persists: what physical mechanism is behind the atomic model that generates the MLIP and what physical information determines the final outputs? To address this problem, we use molten Na₂WO₄ as a representative system and fine-tune a pretrained deep potential model (DPA2) with ab initio molecular dynamics data of Na₂WO₄. We find a strong correlation between the model’s final output and the projected density of states (PDOS) in energy regions exhibiting high electron density and distinct local atomic environments. This result indicates that a well-constructed neural network inherently captures the quantum-mechanical information and its predictions represent meaningful physicochemical interactions rather than purely statistical patterns. Importantly, the mechanistic insights gained in this work-which links model’s outputs to electronic structure descriptors- are general in nature. It provides an electronic-structure-informed metric for feature learning and a general strategy for building interpretable, transferable MLIPs across diverse material systems.

PMID:41806340 | DOI:10.1002/advs.202522313

Addiction. 2026 Mar 10. doi: 10.1111/add.70380. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Evidence regarding the impacts of supervised drug consumption services (SDC) remains mixed, and few evaluations have used individual-level, linkable health data to examine service withdrawal. In September 2024, the Red Deer overdose prevention site (OPS) in Alberta, Canada, was scheduled for closure, with operations ceasing on 31 March 2025. This study examined: (1) changes in weekly opioid agonist therapy (OAT) dispensing among identifiable OPS clients associated with the closure announcement and subsequent service cessation; and (2) changes in acute healthcare utilization and mortality.

DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using linked provincial administrative health data from 30 June 2024 to 6 months after the Red Deer site closure (27 September 2025). A segmented difference-in-differences interrupted time-series (DID-ITS) design compared Red Deer OPS clients with clients from a continuously operating OPS in Lethbridge. Within-site interrupted time-series (ITS) models were applied for Red Deer-only analyses.

SETTING: Two provincially regulated OPS programs in Alberta, Canada. The Red Deer OPS closure was publicly announced on 24 September 2024 and implemented on 31 March 2025. The Lethbridge OPS remained operational throughout.

PARTICIPANTS: OPS clients with a linked personal health number (PHN) and at least one consumption event at the Red Deer (n = 381) and Lethbridge sites (n = 300).

MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcome: weekly proportion of clients receiving ≥1 OAT dispensing.

SECONDARY OUTCOMES: weekly emergency department (ED) visits, inpatient (IP) admissions, suspected opioid-related emergency medical services (EMS) events and mortality.

FINDINGS: Prior to the closure announcement, baseline weekly OAT proportions were lower in Red Deer (9.9%) than in Lethbridge (12.0%), with broadly similar pre-announcement trends. After the closure, the proportion of clients on OAT in Red Deer exceeded those in Lethbridge (16.1% versus 14.4%, respectively; P < 0.021). After closure, there was no statistically significant difference in the number of ED visits or suspected opioid-related EMS events in both the Red Deer only ITS models or in the proportion of these outcomes in the DID-ITS model comparing Red Deer and Lethbridge. Mortality events were rare during the follow-up period, and no statistically detectable increase was observed over the available follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS: The announcement and subsequent closure of the Red Deer overdose prevention site in Alberta, Canada, were associated with increased opioid agonist therapy dispensing among identifiable site users. Short-term effects on acute healthcare utilization and mortality appear stable but remain inconclusive due to the limited 26-week follow-up period and low event counts.

PMID:41806310 | DOI:10.1111/add.70380

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2026 Mar 10. doi: 10.1002/ohn.70159. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the completeness, consistency, and transparency of adverse event (AE) reporting in clinical trials of inflammatory sinonasal diseases by comparing data from ClinicalTrials.gov and corresponding peer-reviewed publications.

DATA SOURCES: ClinicalTrials.gov registry and MEDLINE-indexed journal articles reporting results of interventional trials focused on inflammatory sinonasal disease.

REVIEW METHODS: We identified trials with posted results between 2014 and 2024 and matched registry records with corresponding publications. Data extraction included structured and narrative AE fields. Outcomes assessed were serious adverse events (SAEs), other adverse events (OAEs), mortality, and AE-related discontinuations. Reporting concordance was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Bland-Altman plots, funnel plots, and linear regression to evaluate temporal trends and reporting predictors. Only direct numerical matches were accepted; we made no inferences from narrative text.

RESULTS: Among 108 included trials, 57 (52.8%) met criteria for likely applicable clinical trials (ACTs). AE reporting was more complete on ClinicalTrials.gov than in publications. For example, 94.7% of ACTs reported SAEs in the registry compared to 80.7% in corresponding publications, and death reporting increased from 38% to 100% in registry data following the 2017 Final Rule. However, publication reporting did not show corresponding improvement. Funnel plots revealed dispersion in AE rates among smaller trials, while linear regression showed modest gains in registry reporting over time.

CONCLUSION: Despite regulatory improvements, publication-based AE reporting remains incomplete and inconsistent. Clinical trial registries remain an essential, yet underutilized, resource for harm-related evidence in sinonasal disease research.

PMID:41806298 | DOI:10.1002/ohn.70159

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2026 Mar 10. doi: 10.1007/s11356-026-37607-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Globally, land use land cover (LULC) changes are recognized as a key factor contributing to environmental changes. Understanding the LULC changes in river basin areas is essential for river basin management. The present study aims to analyze LULC changes from 1994 to 2024 in the lower part of the Mahananda River basin and predict future LULC scenarios for 2034. The study cast off Landsat imagery and random forest (RF) classification technique for past LULC classification, while the Cellular Automata Markov Chain (CA-MA) model was employed for future LULC prediction. Furthermore, a statistical technique, Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC), was utilized for CA-MC model validation. Results highlight a substantial reduction of vegetation cover of 2249.7 km² and barren land by 1774.08 km², while cultivated lands, settlement, and water body increased by 3389.75 km², 831.81 km², and 440.8 km², respectively, over the last three decades, revealing the influences of both natural disturbance and anthropogenic activities. The LULC classification’s accuracy was assessed using Kappa coefficient and these values are above 80%, indicating that the LULC classifications in this study are highly reliable. The prediction results reveal a further decrease of vegetation cover at 503.53 km², a continuous increase of cultivation land at 4725.29 km², and a settlement area of 919.85 km² over the future decades. The ROC value of 0.71 suggests that the CA-MC model performs reliably in predicting future LULC scenarios, demonstrating acceptable model accuracy. These comprehensive assessments aid in the creation of suitable land management plans and policies to accomplish or uphold sustainable development in the Mahananda River basin.

PMID:41806296 | DOI:10.1007/s11356-026-37607-0

Transfus Med. 2026 Mar 10. doi: 10.1111/tme.70070. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Perioperative patient blood management (PBM) is a crucial, multidisciplinary, evidence-based approach aimed at optimising patient outcomes by reducing unnecessary erythrocyte transfusions. This study assessed the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals in two key surgical specialties toward PBM.

METHODS: This cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey involved personnel from the Department of Anaesthesiology and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at a university hospital. The questionnaire assessed knowledge (scored out of 100) and attitudes (specifically self-reported adherence, scored out of 100). The correct responses were based on the PBM guidelines and institutional protocols. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of adherence.

RESULTS: The overall response rate was 86.2% (n = 250) from 163 Anaesthesiology and 87 Orthopaedic Surgery. The Orthopaedic Surgery group scored significantly lower on knowledge assessments than the Anaesthesiology group (median score 48 vs. 58, p < 0.001). However, the attitude scores were statistically similar (median score 77 vs. 76, p = 0.237), revealing a knowledge-attitude paradox. Multivariable logistic regression identified hierarchical position as the only significant independent predictor: staff physicians were 7.1 times more likely to report adherence compared to residents (adjusted odds ratios 7.1, 95% confidence interval 3.1-16.2, p < 0.001). Individual knowledge level was not a significant predictor.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that hierarchical mandate, not individual knowledge or department affiliation, is the primary driver of PBM adherence. Implementation efforts must therefore leverage staff physician leadership to mandate PBM as the institutional standard of care, ensuring that positive attitudes translate into consistent practice.

PMID:41806290 | DOI:10.1111/tme.70070

J Comput Neurosci. 2026 Mar 10. doi: 10.1007/s10827-026-00924-x. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41806289 | DOI:10.1007/s10827-026-00924-x

Am J Clin Dermatol. 2026 Mar 10. doi: 10.1007/s40257-026-01013-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Involvement of the head-and-neck area in atopic dermatitis (AD) is common, associated with reduced quality of life, and suggested as an independent criterion for moderate-to-severe AD. The effectiveness of systemic therapies for AD specifically in the head-and-neck area remains underexplored.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of approved anti-inflammatory systemic therapies for AD in the head-and-neck area through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA) indentifying studies reporting response to systemic anti-inflammatory therapies for AD in the head-and-neck region. Searches were conducted in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science from inception through June 2025. The primary outcomes were mean percentage change of Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) for the head-and-neck region (EASI-HN), and proportion of patients achieving 75% improvement of EASI for the head-and-neck region (EASI75-HN). Meta-analyses were performed where data permitted.

RESULTS: In total, 22 publications, encompassing 32 unique studies and 11,372 patients in total, met the inclusion criteria. Of the 22 included publications, eight were post hoc analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and 14 were observational real-world studies. Across studies, the mean reductions of EASI-HN after 16 weeks of treatment ranged from 59% (dupilumab 300 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W) without topical therapy) and 67% (lebrikizumab 250 mg Q2W without topical therapy) to 80% (upadacitinib 30 mg once daily (QD) without topical therapy) and 85% (dupilumab 300 mg Q2W with concomitant topical therapy). EASI75-HN after 16 weeks of treatment ranged from 20% (baricitinib 2 and 4 mg QD) to 66% (upadacitinib 30 mg QD). Evidence for the conventional systemic therapies, cyclosporine and methotrexate, was limited and not readily comparable to the other treatments.

CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic review, biologics and Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) were effective in treating AD in the head-and-neck region, achieving treatment responses comparable to those observed in other body regions. Further research providing direct comparison between therapies are warranted.

PMID:41806270 | DOI:10.1007/s40257-026-01013-6

J Autism Dev Disord. 2026 Mar 10. doi: 10.1007/s10803-026-07245-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Prenatal maternal immune activation (MIA) and preterm birth (PTB) have each been linked to increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, MIA definitions varied across studies and few investigations have examined their combined effects. This study assessed the relationship between MIA and NDDs using two MIA definitions: binary (fever and/or placental inflammation) and a four-level subtype (fever only, inflammation only, both, or neither); and examined the joint associations of MIA and PTB with NDDs.

METHODS: This report includes 2,975 mother-child dyads. Adjusted logistic regressions estimated associations between MIA and NDDs. Additive interactions between MIA and PTB were assessed using the Relative Excess Risk due to Interaction (RERI). Mediation-moderation analyses examined the extent to which the association between MIA and ADHD was statistically explained by PTB.

RESULTS: Binary MIA was associated with elevated odds of NDD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.33, 1.08-1.64) and ADHD (aOR = 1.71, 1.30-2.25). Using the four-level definition, the highest risk was among children exposed to both maternal fever and placental inflammation (NDD: aOR = 3.25, 1.87-5.66; ADHD: aOR = 3.16, 1.50-6.65). Co-occurrence of binary MIA and PTB yielded a RERI of 0.88 (0.28-1.48) for ADHD, while both (Fever + IUI) MIA subtype and PTB yielded RERI of 2.14 (0.66-3.62), indicating greater-than-additive joint associations. In mediation analyses, we found that the positive associations of MIA with NDD and ADHD were partly explained by PTB.

CONCLUSION: Placental inflammation, more so than fever, is associated with NDDs and ADHD risk, supporting the value of MIA subtype measure. MIA and PTB are jointly associated with increased ADHD risk beyond additivity, and PTB partially mediated the association between MIA and ADHD.

PMID:41806249 | DOI:10.1007/s10803-026-07245-z

Int Urol Nephrol. 2026 Mar 10. doi: 10.1007/s11255-026-05092-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Retinoic acid is essential for spermatogonial differentiation and meiotic initiation, providing a biologically plausible rationale for exploring retinoid-based therapies in the context of male infertility. Isotretinoin is widely prescribed for acne. However, it has historically raised concerns about potential sexual adverse effects. We aim to synthesize contemporary available clinical evidence on isotretinoin and clarify whether it poses reproductive risks or may hold any potential therapeutic relevance in men across both dermatologic and infertility settings.

METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to November 2025 for original articles investigating the effects of isotretinoin on semen parameters, reproductive hormones, sexual function, or fertility outcomes. A narrative synthesis was conducted in conjunction with a random-effects meta-analysis for semen parameters when means and standard deviations were available.

RESULTS: Six clinical studies involving 225 men were included: three dermatologic cohorts (n = 167) with normal baseline fertility, treated with standard isotretinoin regimens for acne, and three infertility cohorts (n = 58), receiving low-dose isotretinoin for oligoasthenozoospermia, cryptozoospermia, or non-obstructive azoospermia. In dermatologic populations, random-effects meta-analysis showed small but statistically significant increases in sperm concentration (Mean Difference [MD] + 1.77 million/mL, p = 0.028) and vitality (MD + 3.74%, p = 0.009), with non-significant positive trends for progressive motility (MD + 4.12%) and normal morphology (MD + 1.13%). In infertility settings, sperm concentration increased by approximately + 1.3 million/mL, progressive motility improved by + 3%, and normal morphology remained stable in oligoasthenozoospermic men. In comparison, de novo sperm appeared in 37-44% of azoospermic or cryptozoospermic men, enabling pregnancies across three studies (both spontaneous and with assisted reproductive technology). No study reported impaired fertility or treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction. Overall, the certainty of evidence was low to moderate.

CONCLUSION: Current clinical data do not support reproductive harm from isotretinoin. Instead, isotretinoin may enhance semen quality in healthy men and promote clinically meaningful spermatogenic recovery in selected infertility contexts. Controlled trials are needed to define therapeutic efficacy, identify responders, and clarify its role in male infertility management.

PMID:41806242 | DOI:10.1007/s11255-026-05092-6