JACC Adv. 2026 Apr 20;5(5):102749. doi: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2026.102749. Online ahead of print.
NO ABSTRACT
PMID:42013524 | DOI:10.1016/j.jacadv.2026.102749
Tag: nevin manimala
Int Dent J. 2026 Apr 20;76(3):109561. doi: 10.1016/j.identj.2026.109561. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Mandibular movement is a complex physiological process essential for orofacial function. Patients with disc displacement without reduction (DDWoR) exhibit significant kinematic impairments, which are thought to arise from structural joint damage and neuromuscular dysregulation. This study characterised mandibular movement in DDWoR using the Jaw Motion Analyzer. Through quantitative trajectory analysis and principal component analysis, we identified the primary variation patterns in mandibular kinematics. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of key movement parameters. This work provides a basis for functional movement-based assessment and objective diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders.
METHODS: This case-control study enrolled 40 DDWoR patients and 20 matched healthy controls. Mandibular movement trajectories were recorded using the Zebris Jaw Motion Analyzer system during standardised tasks. Trajectory symmetry was analysed via mathematical programming. Statistical analyses included group comparisons, principal component analysis and ROC curve evaluation to identify diagnostic kinematic indicators.
RESULTS: DDWoR patients exhibited significant kinematic alterations compared to healthy controls. Bilateral DDWoR patients showed reduced protrusive and opening movement ranges. In contrast, unilateral DDWoR patients demonstrated relatively asymmetrical patterns characterised by asymmetric condylar trajectories with increased lateral excursion ranges. Principal component analysis between the bilateral DDWoR group and the healthy group revealed 2 dominant variation patterns explaining 53.69% of total variance. ROC analysis identified excellent diagnostic value for sagittal opening symmetry (AUC = 0.901) and good value for incisal point inclination (AUC = 0.813).
CONCLUSION: Our findings confirm distinctive and heterogeneous mandibular movement patterns in DDWoR, revealing several parameters with diagnostic potential to inform functional assessment and personalised treatment strategies for temporomandibular disorder.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study identifies specific mandibular movement signatures in DDWoR patients, providing objective kinematic parameters for functional assessment. These findings facilitate early diagnosis, enable real-time treatment monitoring and support the development of personalised rehabilitation strategies for temporomandibular disorders.
PMID:42013519 | DOI:10.1016/j.identj.2026.109561
Int Dent J. 2026 Apr 20;76(3):109563. doi: 10.1016/j.identj.2026.109563. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To analyse the relationship between oral frailty (OF) and cognitive impairment in older adults and explore the association between OF and different domains of cognitive function.
METHODS: A total of 461 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China were selected as the participants. The number of natural teeth, daily toothbrushing frequency and the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index scale for older adults were used to assess OF. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale.
RESULTS: The prevalence of OF was 33.4%. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 65.7%. Compared with the non-OF group, the OF group was associated with a higher likelihood of cognitive impairment (OR = 1.959). Older adults with low oral function were associated with a higher likelihood of cognitive impairment. OF was significantly associated with cognitive impairment in older adults aged ≥80 years (OR = 2.468). OF was associated with 2 domains of cognitive function: visuospatial and executive function (OR = 0.532), language domain (OR = 0.821).
CONCLUSIONS: There is a correlation between OF and oral function and cognitive impairment in older adults in the community, and the association between OF and cognitive function is significant in older adults aged ≥80 years. OF in older adults was associated with worse screening performance in the domain of executive function and language function.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This cross-sectional study revealed the association between OF and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. The significance of this finding is not only to confirm the statistical association between oral and cognitive health, but also to suggest that oral and cognitive health dimensions, which are closely related but often managed separately, should be considered and synergistically promoted when designing community health intervention programs.
PMID:42013517 | DOI:10.1016/j.identj.2026.109563
Child Abuse Negl. 2026 Apr 20;176:108065. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2026.108065. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Child sexual assault (CSA) is a critical public health issue that disproportionately affects children in environments marked by family instability and limited school protection. Empirical evidence from Latin American school settings remains scarce.
OBJECTIVE: To examine individual, familial, digital, and school-related factors associated with sexual victimization among students in Itagüí, Colombia.
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: A total of 205 students aged 8-17 years from three public schools participated in the study.
METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical design was used. Sexual victimization was operationalized as a binary composite outcome based on four items capturing non-consensual sexual contact, coercion or threats, requests to expose intimate body parts, and grooming-like situations indicating imminent sexual risk. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were employed to estimate associations.
RESULTS: Overall, 32.1% of students endorsed at least one indicator of sexual Victimization or risk. Exposure to physical violence or threats was strongly associated with sexual victimization (OR 7.38; 95% CI 1.68-32.45). Knowing someone who had been victimized and family alcohol consumption also increased risk. Perceived school safety (OR 0.12; 95% CI 0.03-0.55) and knowledge of children’s rights (OR 0.08; 95% CI 0.01-0.47) emerged as significant protective factors.
CONCLUSIONS: Sexual victimization in this school population was significantly associated with household violence and specific environmental vulnerabilities, whereas perceived school safety and knowledge of children’s rights emerged as protective correlates. These findings highlight key factors relevant for early identification and prevention.
PMID:42013491 | DOI:10.1016/j.chiabu.2026.108065
J Strength Cond Res. 2026 Apr 22. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000005469. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Zheng, S, Wang, S, Cao, Q, and Li, H. The impact of aquatic training on athletic performance and physical recovery in competitive athletes: A meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2026-To evaluate the effects of aquatic training on performance and physical recovery in competitive athletes, particularly its impact on explosive power, speed, agility, strength, aerobic capacity, and balance. This study used a meta-analysis approach to search relevant literature in the Web of Science and Scopus databases since their inception. The selected studies were limited to English-language articles that met predefined inclusion criteria. All included studies were randomized controlled trials or controlled experiments, with subjects being competitive athletes with a systematic training background. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were used for data analysis, and statistical analysis was conducted using R (version 4.3.0). A total of 13 studies were included in the analysis, with 392 subjects. Aquatic training significantly improved athletes’ explosive power (SMD = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.0.50 to 1.07, p < 0.001), speed (SMD = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.89 to 1.38, p < 0.001), and agility (SMD = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.0.15 to 0.78, p = 0.004). However, the improvement in strength (SMD = 0.32, 95% CI = -0.32 to 0.96, p = 0.321) and balance (SMD = 0.42, 95% CI = -0.35 to 1.19, p = 0.282) was not statistically significant, and there was high heterogeneity in the studies on aerobic capacity (SMD = 1.92, 95% CI = -1.47 to 5.32, p = 0.267). In addition, aquatic training showed a modest yet positive effect on physical recovery, including improvements related to injury rehabilitation and fatigue relief (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.12 to 0.63, p = 0.004). As an effective supplementary training method, aquatic training significantly enhances athletic performance, especially in explosive power, speed, and agility. It has beneficial effects on injury recovery and post-training fatigue reduction. Although the effects on strength and aerobic capacity require further validation, aquatic training has proven to be an important tool in sports training and rehabilitation with promising application potential.
PMID:42013467 | DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000005469
JMIR Med Inform. 2026 Apr 21;14:e94813. doi: 10.2196/94813.
ABSTRACT
The rapid integration of large language models into electronic medical record systems introduces a critical theoretical vulnerability. Drawing on foundational computer science proofs of “model collapse,” this viewpoint introduces the concept of “Clinical Model Autophagy”-a systemic degradation of diagnostic integrity that occurs when clinical artificial intelligence (AI) models are recursively trained on unverified, AI-generated synthetic data. As these recursive models may progressively regress toward statistical means, they undergo “Interpretative Drift,” a clinically concerning phenomenon where rare pathological variances are systematically erased and complex diseases are homogenized into benign averages. To prevent the irreversible contamination of health care data ecosystems, the author urgently proposes the Data Purity Standard (DPS). The DPS mandates the cryptographic watermarking of all AI-assisted clinical entries for provenance tracking, alongside the establishment of “Human Vaults.” These physically segregated repositories of physician-verified heritage data will serve as immutable biological anchors to safely guide future AI training, ensuring the long-term reliability of digital health infrastructure.
PMID:42013455 | DOI:10.2196/94813
J Particip Med. 2026 Apr 21;18:e84705. doi: 10.2196/84705.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Maternal health during the perinatal period is a global public health priority. While antenatal education is widely implemented, conventional lecture-based models often fail to achieve sustained behavior change. Innovative approaches that integrate experiential learning with digital support may enhance maternal knowledge, self-management, and pregnancy outcomes.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a combined experiential class and online logging intervention for pregnant women in China and to explore the mechanisms underpinning its impact on health practices and service experiences.
METHODS: A mixed methods design was used in a district-level maternal and child health hospital in Beijing. In the quantitative arm, 40 women (intervention group, n=20; control group, n=20) were enrolled in a quasi-experimental comparison. Outcomes included knowledge-attitude-practice indicators, service satisfaction, and clinical birth outcomes. Given the limited sample size, a qualitative arm was conducted to complement statistical findings: semistructured interviews with 20 women (10 per group) were analyzed thematically. Quantitative and qualitative results were integrated during interpretation to provide a comprehensive evaluation.
RESULTS: Compared with the experiential class alone, the combined intervention was associated with higher knowledge scores (mean difference 1.6 points, 95% CI 0.8-2.4), stronger adherence to recommended health practices (composite adherence score difference 1.0, 95% CI 0.4-1.6), and higher overall service satisfaction (mean difference 0.6, 95% CI 0.2-1.0). Across multiple domains, a higher proportion of participants in the intervention group met dietary, exercise, and supplementation recommendations. Clinical outcome differences were exploratory, as the study was not powered for these end points. Qualitative analysis revealed 3 mechanisms, such as empowerment and self-efficacy, practice and persistence, and systemic/environmental support, through which the intervention influenced experiences and practices.
CONCLUSIONS: The experiential class plus online logging model is feasible and acceptable in a real-world antenatal setting. Although limited by a small sample size, findings suggest that the intervention improves maternal knowledge, health practices, and service experiences and may inform future adequately powered trials to evaluate pregnancy outcomes. Qualitative insights highlight mechanisms of health practice change and provide contextual depth, underscoring the value of mixed methods designs in maternal health research.
PMID:42013442 | DOI:10.2196/84705
Am J Dent. 2026 Apr;39(2):85-94.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate comparatively the changes in surface roughness and surface microhardness of resin composites applied with traditional incremental layering technique and bulk-fill resin composites after erosive/abrasive applications.
METHODS: In this laboratory study, three conventional resin composites with different contents: Filtek Z250 (FZ), Filtek Ultimate (FU), Clearfil Majesty Esthetic (CME), and four bulk-fill resin composites: X-tra fil (VXF), Filtek One Bulk Fill (FOB), QuiXfil (QXF), and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (TNC) were used. While preparing the test specimens, resin composites were applied to 8 mm diameter and 2 mm height round plexiglass molds (n= 15) and polymerized. Each specimen was polished. Then, the baseline surface roughness (R0) and surface microhardness (H0) values of the specimens were measured. Each group had been exposed to erosive/abrasive cycle for 10 days. After the cycle, by measuring the roughness (R1) and microhardness (H1) values of the specimen, the alterations of the surface properties were investigated. After the baseline and erosive/abrasive cycles of the specimens, the surface analyses were performed with scanning electron microscopy. One-way ANOVA test, Tukey’s post hoc test, and t-test were used for statistical analysis. Differences at the P< 0.05 level were considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the H0 values of the FU, VXF, QXF, and FZ groups, and the H0 values of these groups were higher than the other groups (P< 0.05). After the erosive/abrasive cycle, there was no significant difference in the H1 values of only the FZ and VXF groups (P> 0.05). When the R0 values were examined, there was no significant difference between the FOB, FU, FZ, and TNC groups (P> 0.05), and the R0 values of these groups were statistically lower than the other groups (P< 0.05). A statistically significant increase was observed in the R1 values of all composite materials examined after erosive/abrasive applications (P< 0.05). In the SEM findings, erosive/abrasive applications caused degradation of both the organic matrix and surface properties of inorganic fillers.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: According to the results of this laboratory study, erosive and abrasive cycles negatively affected the surface microhardness and roughness of conventional and bulk-fill composites at different rates and varied depending on the structural properties. However, the surface roughness of Filtek Ultimate and Filtek One Bulk Fill, both with nanofill structure, was less affected by combined erosive and abrasive cycles.
PMID:42013430
Am J Dent. 2026 Apr;39(2):73-76.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the comparative clinical efficacy of a test toothpaste containing 0.454% stannous fluoride stabilized with zinc phosphate as compared to a regular fluoride toothpaste containing 0.76% sodium monofluorophosphate in controlling supragingival calculus formation over a 12-week period.
METHODS: A randomized, single-center, double-blind, parallel-group study was conducted in Bangkok, Thailand. Healthy adults (n= 100) with a baseline Volpe-Manhold Calculus Index score ≥7.0 were randomized to either the stannous fluoride (Test) or sodium monofluorophosphate (Control) group. After a dental prophylaxis, subjects brushed twice daily for 12 weeks. Supragingival calculus was assessed using the Volpe-Manhold Calculus Index. The primary efficacy endpoint was the comparison of baseline-adjusted mean calculus scores at 12 weeks, analyzed using ANCOVA.
RESULTS: 97 subjects completed the study. At 12 weeks, the Test Group had baseline adjusted mean Volpe-Manhold score of 11.47, while the Control Group had a score of 17.48. The Test Group demonstrated a statistically significant 34.4% (P< 0.001) less supragingival calculus formation compared to the Control Group.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A toothpaste containing 0.454% stannous fluoride provided a statistically significant and clinically relevant reduction in supragingival calculus formation compared to a standard sodium monofluorophosphate fluoride toothpaste after 12 weeks of use.
PMID:42013428
AIDS. 2026 Apr 21. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000004524. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: We examined the characteristics and time trends of late diagnosis among people living with HIV (PLWH) aged ≥50 years in southwest China from 2010 to 2023, and assessed the impact of the expanded HIV testing strategy and associated factors.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed cross-sectional data from 26,233 newly diagnosed older PLWH in southwest China between 2010 and 2023, from the Chinese Comprehensive Response Information Management System for HIV/AIDS (CRIMS). A multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with late diagnosis, with latent class analysis as a sensitivity analysis to test the robustness of the results.
RESULTS: The late diagnosis rate declined from 2010 to 2023 (p for trend <0.05). Compared with the pre-strategy period (2010-2017), the post-strategy period (2018-2023) was associated with lower odds of late diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.900, 95% CI: 0.854-0.950). Across all age groups (50-59, 60-74, and ≥75 years), primary education or below was associated with lower odds of late diagnosis (aOR range: 0.804-0.892). Late diagnosis rates were higher than the overall average for HIV testing approaches (i.e., the specific route or setting through which HIV was diagnosed) including testing of other patients (i.e., provider-initiated testing in general medical settings), testing at sexually transmitted infection clinics, and pre-testing of receiving blood/products.
CONCLUSIONS: Targeted health education should focus on high-risk subgroups including males and married individuals, and community-based testing should be promoted. The higher odds with facility-based testing underscore the need to integrate routine HIV testing into healthcare services.
PMID:42013424 | DOI:10.1097/QAD.0000000000004524