Tag: nevin manimala

J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2026 Feb 3. doi: 10.1111/jpn.70040. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Sorption isotherms evaluate water exchange between food and environments with different water activities (aw), providing valuable information on physical changes and susceptibility of deterioration due to lipid oxidation and microbial growth. In this context, the present study aimed to characterise the adsorption and desorption curves of extruded dry foods for dogs and cats using the Guggenheim-Anderson-De Boer (GAB) model, as well as to compare these results with those obtained from a simpler and faster method, the drying curve. Three foods for dogs and three for cats were evaluated. The equilibrium moisture content by isotherm method was determined at 30°C using the gravimetric method with six saturated saline solutions, covering aw from 0.11 to 0.83. The isotherm curves between aw and moisture content were plotted by GAB model. The drying curve for each food was plotted between aw and moisture using direct data obtained during the drying of samples after extrusion in an air oven at 60°C, to compare this result with the desorption curve. The parameters for each curve using the GAB model were determined using RStudio software. To compare the drying curves with the sorption isotherm, the Wilcoxon paired t-test was used. All pet foods exhibited a type II isotherm. The average R² was 0.99 for the adsorption curves, 0.87 for desorption and 0.99 for drying curves, showing a good fit of the models. The adsorption and desorption isotherms, as well as the drying curves, showed different predicted equilibrium moisture contents, with higher values predicted by the desorption method. In conclusion, the adsorption curves were the most suitable for the dry pet foods evaluated, and the drying curve could not be recommended due to the lower accuracy compared to the sorption isotherms.

PMID:41632916 | DOI:10.1111/jpn.70040

Clin Exp Dent Res. 2026 Feb;12(1):e70294. doi: 10.1002/cre2.70294.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium dicholoroisocyanurate (NaDCC) as intracanal medicament on the dentin microhardness and fracture resistance of teeth compared to calcium hydroxide (CH).

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Root canals of mandibular premolars (n = 153) were instrumented and randomized into two treatment groups and an untreated control group (n = 51). Treatment groups received either NaDCC or CH. After 1 week, 1 month, or 3 months, 17 teeth were randomly selected from each group, and two root cylinders were obtained: one for fracture resistance and the other for microhardness test. Two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: The microhardness and fracture resistance in the control and CH groups were not affected by time (p > 0.05). However, NaDCC caused significant decreases in dentin microhardness after 1 month and 3 months (p < 0.001) as well as in fracture resistance (p < 0.05) after 1 month. The groups comparison at each time point showed no significant differences in microhardness and fracture resistance after 1 week (p > 0.05). However, after 1 month, a significant reduction in microhardness and fracture resistance was detected for NaDCC and in the fracture resistance for CH (p < 0.05). After 3 months, compared to the control group, lower microhardness in NaDCC and CH groups and lower fracture resistance in CH group were detected (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Short-term application of NaDCC and CH did not adversely affect dentin microhardness. However, prolonged use reduced dentin microhardness, and both medicaments significantly decreased fracture resistance compared with the control group. Limiting the duration of intracanal medicament application is therefore recommended.

PMID:41632914 | DOI:10.1002/cre2.70294

Clin Exp Dent Res. 2026 Feb;12(1):e70299. doi: 10.1002/cre2.70299.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To compare the 6-month clinical success of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) and silver-modified atraumatic restorative treatment (SMART) in primary molars of children with early childhood caries (ECC), and to assess the impact of these treatments on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized controlled split-mouth trial included 32 children (aged 3-7 years) with 68 primary molars exhibiting active dentin carious lesions (ICDAS II scores 4 or 5). Each child received one ART restoration using high-viscosity glass ionomer cement and one SMART restoration with silver diamine fluoride, followed by HVGIC in the same session. Clinical success was assessed after 6 months, using modified ART criteria. Parents completed the Arabic version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (A-ECOHIS) at baseline and after 6 months to assess changes in OHRQoL. Data analysis included chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, Student’s t-test with effect sizes reported, and a significance level set at 95%.

RESULTS: Of the 68 restorations (34 ART, 34 SMART), 6-month success rates were 67.6% for ART and 70.5% for SMART, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.66). SMART showed slightly better caries arrest. Class I restorations had higher success rates than Class II for both techniques. Failures were mainly due to wear and marginal integrity loss. Mean ECOHIS scores improved from 16.9 at baseline to 10.13 at 6 months, though the change was not statistically significant (p = 0.125).

CONCLUSION: SMART and ART techniques showed similar short-term clinical outcomes, with SMART showing a minor, nonsignificant advantage in caries management. Failures in ART were more often linked to active caries and pulp involvement, suggesting that SMART may enhance caries arrest. Placement of both restorations did not significantly affect OHRQoL.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Incorporating SDF may improve caries arrest and the effectiveness of GIC restorations in primary molars.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT07023939.

PMID:41632901 | DOI:10.1002/cre2.70299

Nat Prod Res. 2026 Feb 3:1-10. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2026.2625446. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

A new tirucallane-type triterpenoid, didychaudianin A (1), along with two known tirucallane analogs (2 and 3), was isolated from the stem bark of D. gaudichaudianus (Meliaceae) growing in West Java, Indonesia. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were elucidated using HRESIMS, extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis, ECD spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT), supported by DP4+ statistical analysis. Cytotoxic evaluation against human cervical cancer HeLa cells revealed that 2 exhibited moderate activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 44.4 μM. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis indicated that the stereochemistry at C-21 and the presence of a tetrahydrofuran ring in the side chain play a crucial role in modulating biological activity. The isolation of tirucallane-type triterpenoids (1-3) further enriches the chemical diversity of this compound class within the Didymocheton genus.

PMID:41632897 | DOI:10.1080/14786419.2026.2625446

J Clin Oncol. 2026 Jan 16:JCO2502821. doi: 10.1200/JCO-25-02821. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41632520 | DOI:10.1200/JCO-25-02821

Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2026 Feb 3:hyag010. doi: 10.1093/jjco/hyag010. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Total gastrectomy (TG) is commonly performed as the standard treatment for upper third advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Proximal gastrectomy (PG) may be a potential alternative procedure for upper-third AGC. However, its oncologic safety remains uncertain. This study aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of PG and TG for upper-third AGC and to evaluate the oncological safety of PG.

METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent PG or TG for clinical T2-T4aNanyM0 upper-third gastric cancer at six institutions between 2018 and 2022. To minimize selection bias, propensity score matching (PSM) was performed at a 1:1 ratio. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS).

RESULTS: A total of 208 patients with upper-third AGC were included. After PSM, 104 patients were selected for analysis, with 52 patients in each group. The 3-year OS rates were 81.8% in the PG group and 70.8% in the TG group, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P = .167), with a hazard ratio for PG of 0.58 (95% confidence interval, 0.27-1.27; P = .173). Subgroup analysis revealed that the hazard ratio for OS was significantly lower in the PG group than in the TG group among patients with tumor diameters <50 mm.

CONCLUSIONS: The long-term survival outcomes of PG and TG for upper-third AGC patients are comparable, suggesting that PG may be an oncologically acceptable option in carefully selected patients.

PMID:41632509 | DOI:10.1093/jjco/hyag010

J Anim Sci. 2026 Feb 3:skag021. doi: 10.1093/jas/skag021. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of diet type on feed intake, animal performance and intake rank in mature, gestating Angus cows (130 ± 13 days pregnant at trial initiation) and to identify differentially expressed genes associated with each diet type. Forty-eight gestating commercial Angus cows (708 ± 52 kg of body weight; 7 ± 0.75 years old) were assigned to one of two diet sequences, concentrate-forage (CF) or forage-concentrate (FC), representing the order in which the two diets were consumed. In the first period, two of the four pens were assigned to the CF sequence and two to the FC sequence. Each pen contained an automatic waterer as well as four GrowSafe® feed intake units (GrowSafe System Ltd., Airdire, Alberta). The forage diet consisted of 100% processed hay (10.0% CP, 1.98 Mcal ME/kg DM) while the concentrate diet consisted of 43.0% hay, 22.0% corn, 24.0% soybean hulls, and 11.0% supplement on a DM basis (11.7% CP, DM basis and 2.43 Mcal ME/kg DM). Following a 14-day adaptation period, feed intake and body weight (BW) gain were recorded for 56 days. Subsequently, diet type was switched and followed by 14 days of adaptation to the new diet and 48 days of feed intake and BW gain measurement. Intake and performance data from this crossover study were analyzed using mixed model methods in SAS v9.4. There was a diet by period interaction (P < 0.01) for ADG with cows in the FC sequence gaining more weight than expected while consuming forage. Spearman rank correlation for dry matter intake (DMI) was 0.70 (P < 0.01) for FC cows and 0.36 (P < 0.1) for CF cows. In contrast, there was no significant relationship for average daily gain (ADG) among the two diet types, regardless of sequence (P > 0.4). In total, RNA sequencing of muscle tissue from the first period identified differentially expressed genes (DEG) associated with diet type. Enriched biological processes were identified by functional enrichment analysis of the DEG using g: Profiler and were primarily associated with energy metabolism and lipid biosynthesis. The results of this study support the hypothesis that gene expression in muscle responds differently when cows consume low-quality forage versus high-quality, energy-rich diets, even though feed intake rank correlations were high in the FC sequence and moderate in the CF sequence.

PMID:41632486 | DOI:10.1093/jas/skag021

JAMA Netw Open. 2026 Feb 2;9(2):e2556840. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.56840.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: Reproductive factors are associated with ovarian cancer risk, but their influence may differ across menopausal status and birth cohorts.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between reproductive factors and ovarian cancer risk stratified by menopausal status and birth cohort.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This nationwide population-based cohort study obtained data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS), a single-payer system covering 97% of the population in South Korea. Women aged 40 years or older who underwent NHIS health screening in 2009 and had reproductive, clinical, and other data were included and followed up until ovarian cancer diagnosis, death, or December 31, 2022. Data were analyzed in March 2025.

EXPOSURES: Age at menarche, parity, breastfeeding duration, oral contraceptive use, age at menopause, total reproductive span, and hormone replacement therapy use.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Incident ovarian cancer identified from NHIS claims with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes C56, C57, and C48 and confirmed through the Rare/Intractable Disease Registry (code V193). Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.

RESULTS: A total of 2 285 774 women (932 637 [40.8%] premenopausal, 1 353 137 [59.2%] postmenopausal; mean [SD] age, 54.9 [10.85] years) were included in the final analytic cohort. The mean (SD) follow-up duration overall was 10.7 (2.99) years, and 10 729 ovarian cancer cases were identified during follow-up. Early menarche (aged ≤12 vs >16 years) was associated with higher ovarian cancer risk in both premenopausal women (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.16-1.61) and postmenopausal women (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.00-1.54). Parity of 2 or more births was associated with lower risk in both groups (HR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.58-0.79] and 0.71 [95% CI, 0.60-0.85]). Breastfeeding for 12 months or longer and oral contraceptive use for 1 year or longer were associated with lower risk in premenopausal women but not postmenopausal women (HR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.77-0.96] and 0.75 [95% CI, 0.61-0.93]). Among postmenopausal women, later menopause (at age ≥55 years; HR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.11-1.66]), longer reproductive span (≥40 years; HR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.09-1.34]), and hormone replacement therapy use for 2 to 5 years (HR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.07-1.34]) were associated with higher risk. Parity-related risk reduction was attenuated in the 1960s birth cohort (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.52-2.19; P for interaction = .36).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This cohort study found that reproductive factors were associated with ovarian cancer risk, with distinct patterns across menopausal status and birth cohorts. These findings highlight the need for tailored prevention strategies in aging, low-fertility populations.

PMID:41632476 | DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.56840

JAMA Netw Open. 2026 Feb 2;9(2):e2557337. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.57337.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: The 2022 Supreme Court decision in Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization resulted in immediate abortion bans or severe restrictions in 22 US states. While mental health consequences of restricted abortion access have been suggested, their distribution across socioeconomic strata remain unclear for postpartum depression (PPD) among Medicaid populations.

OBJECTIVE: To assess associations of state-level abortion bans enacted after Dobbs with the incidence of PPD, focusing on socioeconomic status (SES) differences.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study used a difference-in-differences (DD) analysis for Medicaid claims data from Kythera Labs (approximately 60% of US Medicaid population) from January 2019 to December 2024. Women and adolescents aged 12 to 55 years with pregnancies resulting in live births or stillbirths were stratified into SES terciles based on zip code-level census data.

EXPOSURE: State-level abortion bans or restrictions implemented after Dobbs, defined by residence in trigger law states.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was incidence of PPD within 12 months following delivery, identified through validated claims-based algorithms.

RESULTS: The study comprised 102 597 individuals pre-Dobbs (mean [SD] age, 27.21 [5.82] years; 47 305 individuals in trigger states and 55 292 individuals in nontrigger states) and 61 113 individuals post-Dobbs (mean [SD] age, 27.48 [5.92] years; 30 451 individuals in trigger states and 30 662 individuals in nontrigger states). Individuals in trigger states were younger than individuals in nontrigger states both pre-Dobbs (mean [SD] age, 26.53 [5.69] years vs 27.97 [5.84] years) and post-Dobbs (mean [SD] age, 26.61 [5.77] years vs 28.34 [5.94] years). Both pre- and post-Dobbs, individuals in trigger states were more likely to reside in rural areas (pre-Dobbs: 10 562 individuals [22.33%] vs 10 079 individuals [18.23%]; post-Dobbs: 6739 individuals [22.13%] vs 5220 individuals [17.02%]) and low-SES areas (pre-Dobbs: 20 136 individuals [42.57%] vs 13 771 individuals [24.91%]; post-Dobbs: 12 924 individuals [42.44%] vs 7283 [23.75%]); they were less likely to have obstetrical complications (pre-Dobbs: 31 243 individuals [66.05%] vs 42 780 individuals [77.37%]; post-Dobbs: 21 052 individuals [69.13%] vs 24 577 individuals [80.15%]) or maternal complications (pre-Dobbs:7732 individuals [16.34%] vs 10 839 of individuals [19.60%]; post-Dobbs: 5779 of 30 451 individuals [19.04%] vs 6508 individuals [21.17%]). Women with lowest SES residing in trigger states experienced a 9.0% relative increase in PPD diagnoses post-Dobbs vs similar women in nontrigger states (DD coefficient, 0.090; 95% CI, 0.035-0.146; P = .001). No associations were observed in middle or high SES groups.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort study, state-level abortion bans following Dobbs were associated with a disproportionate increase in the risk of PPD among women and adolescents in low-SES communities. These findings underscore the need for targeted mental health support and policy interventions to mitigate the unequal burden of such legislation on vulnerable populations.

PMID:41632475 | DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.57337

JAMA Netw Open. 2026 Feb 2;9(2):e2557361. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.57361.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: The requirement for in-person, often daily, attendance at opioid treatment programs (OTPs) makes travel times a barrier to methadone treatment. Research on methadone accessibility has primarily focused on travel via personal vehicle, and there is uncertainty about public transit travel time to methadone treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate travel time via personal vehicle vs public transit to methadone treatment in the state of Connecticut.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study included geospatial analysis of median travel time to nearest OTP via personal vehicle and public transit from all census block groups (CBGs). This study took place in the state of Connecticut in 2023. Participants were all CBGs in Connecticut.

EXPOSURES: Participants were characterized by racial and ethnic demographics; household income; car ownership; urban, suburban, or rural designations; and per-capita opioid overdose deaths.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was the median travel time to nearest OTP by via personal vehicle and public transit. Spatial error models using k-nearest neighbor spatial weight matrices were estimated to assess the associations between sociodemographic characteristics and travel times for each transportation mode (personal vehicle vs public transit) at the CBG level.

RESULTS: From the centroids of the 2702 CBGs in Connecticut, the median (IQR) travel time to the closest OTP was 11.0 (7.5-16.3) minutes by personal vehicle and 41.7 (31.0-49.5) minutes via public transit, with 1431 CBGs (53%) lacking access to public transit or having high public transit times (>60 minutes or no trip available). Travel times via public transit increased along the urban-rural gradient and across CBGs with an increasing percentage of non-Hispanic White residents. Median (IQR) travel times to an OTP from the 489 CBGs with the highest per-capita overdose death rates were 8.2 (5.9-11.7) minutes by personal vehicle and 37.6 (27.8-48.5) minutes by public transit, with 166 (34%) lacking public transit access.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The findings of this cross-sectional study of barriers to access to methadone treatment suggest that areas with high overdose death rates, low car ownership, and high public transit travel times should be targets for interventions (eg, mobile services or greater use of take-home doses for patients) to lower travel-based barriers to methadone. Current federal statutes and regulations governing methadone provision are the greatest barrier, as they directly require often daily transit to opioid treatment clinics. Reducing this barrier requires policy changes.

PMID:41632474 | DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.57361