Tag: nevin manimala

J Int Med Res. 2026 Jul;54(7):3000605261464003. doi: 10.1177/03000605261464003. Epub 2026 Jul 3.

ABSTRACT

ObjectiveCleft lip and cleft palate are common congenital anomalies that occur when facial structures fail to completely close during early development. This study aimed to identify determinants of cleft lip and cleft palate and assess the relationship between the two outcomes among children admitted to CURE Ethiopia Children’s Hospital.MethodThis hospital-based cross-sectional study involved 544 children with congenital birth defects and their parents. A bivariate multinomial regression model was applied to identify the determinants of cleft lip and cleft palate and to account for the correlation between the two outcomes. Bayesian methods were used to estimate model parameters.ResultsMaternal factors, including inadequate prenatal nutrition, lack of multivitamin supplementation, alcohol consumption, passive smoking, cigarette smoking, folic acid deficiency, residence in rural area, parental history of birth defects, and certain medical conditions during pregnancy, were associated with the occurrence of cleft lip and cleft palate. The findings also demonstrated a strong correlation between cleft lip and cleft palate through shared latent effects.ConclusionsMaternal nutrition and exposure to harmful substances during pregnancy are important risk factors influencing the occurrence of cleft lip and cleft palate. Strengthening maternal health education, improving nutrition, and reducing exposure to harmful substances may help reduce the burden of these conditions.

PMID:42396633 | DOI:10.1177/03000605261464003

J Microencapsul. 2026 Jul 3:1-32. doi: 10.1080/02652048.2026.2695092. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris is a prevalent inflammatory dermatosis in which Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and, to a lesser extent, Staphylococcus aureus play central pathogenic roles. Conventional therapies (retinoids, antibiotics, corticosteroids) are limited by resistance, irritation, and suboptimal long-term efficacy.

OBJECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY: Essential oils (EOs) exhibit diverse biological activities, yet their clinical translation is constrained by volatility, physicochemical instability and poor follicular penetration. This review systematically examines EO-loaded nano-delivery systems including nanogels, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers as strategies to enhance overall release. Special emphasis is placed on multiscale in silico tools and statistical optimisation approaches for rational formulation engineering. Representative case studies and current insights into nano-toxicity and safety assessment are critically appraised to guide future clinical translation.

CONCLUSION: Advancing priorities including personalised dermatology frameworks, microbiome-responsive, folliculotropic EO nanocarriers and integrated computational approaches will accelerate the development of scalable, and patient-centered EO based nanoformulations for acne.

PMID:42396630 | DOI:10.1080/02652048.2026.2695092

Scand Cardiovasc J. 2026 Jul 3:1-3. doi: 10.1080/14017431.2026.2699501. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To critically assess the ESCAPER study (Ekström et al., 2025, Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal), which investigates cardiovascular resilience in high-risk individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D), obesity, or kidney failure, focusing on internal inconsistencies, methodological challenges, and alignment with existing literature.

DESIGN: This Letter to the Editor analyzes the ESCAPER study’s rationale, protocol, and preliminary findings. We evaluate inclusion criteria, genetic analysis, and methodological rigor, comparing them to studies like FinnDiane. Concerns include T1D patients with microvascular complications as “escapers,” non-T1D-specific polygenic scores, small sample sizes, selection bias from voluntary recruitment, and inconsistent imaging protocols. We pose questions to clarify these issues.

RESULTS: Including T1D patients with microalbuminuria or simplex retinopathy as “escapers” conflicts with the study’s aim, as these conditions suggest vascular pathology. Reliance on coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus polygenic scores overlooks T1D-specific genetic factors, diverging from FinnDiane findings. Methodological flaws, including no predefined primary outcome, small sample sizes (e.g., n = 4 in kidney failure group), voluntary recruitment bias, and variable imaging protocols, limit generalizability and data consistency.

CONCLUSIONS: The ESCAPER study’s focus on cardiovascular resilience is novel but hampered by inconsistencies, literature discrepancies, and methodological limitations. Clarifying inclusion criteria, genetic markers, statistical power, bias mitigation, and data standardization is essential. We urge the authors to address these concerns to enhance the study’s contribution to precision medicine.

PMID:42396621 | DOI:10.1080/14017431.2026.2699501

Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2026 Jul 3. doi: 10.1002/bcp.70670. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: Balcinrenone (previously AZD9977) is a novel selective non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) with a differential mechanism of action relative to approved MRAs. The aim of this trial was to assess the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of balcinrenone in participants with mild and moderate hepatic impairment versus participants with normal hepatic function.

METHODS: Participants with mild and moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class A [n = 8] and Child-Pugh Class B [n = 8]) were compared with group matched controls with normal hepatic function [n = 9]. Eligible participants received a single oral dose of 50-mg balcinrenone. Blood and urine samples were collected. Safety and tolerability were monitored.

RESULTS: In participants with mild hepatic impairment, balcinrenone exposure (area under the plasma concentration-time curve [AUC] and maximum plasma concentration [C_max]) was similar compared with participants with normal hepatic function. In participants with moderate hepatic impairment, C_max was similar, but there was a slight and statistically significant 30% (90% CI 4%-61%) increase in AUC compared with participants with normal hepatic function. Balcinrenone was well tolerated. All reported adverse events were of mild to moderate intensity.

CONCLUSIONS: Compared with participants with normal hepatic function, balcinrenone exposure was similar in participants with mild hepatic impairment. AUC, but not C_max, was slightly increased in participants with moderate hepatic impairment. We do not consider the minor AUC increase seen in participants with moderate hepatic impairment to be clinically relevant. Thus, we would not recommend any dose adjustment for patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment.

PMID:42396603 | DOI:10.1002/bcp.70670

Curr Dev Nutr. 2026 Jun 6;10(7):109391. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.109391. eCollection 2026 Jul.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A suboptimal diet is a major health risk, yet adopting and maintaining healthy eating habits remains challenging. Just-in-Time (JIT) digital support may help, however, little is known about when and where users are most receptive to such support.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate receptivity to a researcher-developed JIT-based app that prompts healthy food choices near food outlets and at preset times. The primary outcome was receptivity to JIT prompts, defined as users’ willingness and ability to receive, process, and act upon prompts in daily life. Exploratory outcomes included usability, perceived privacy and perceived effectiveness.

METHODS: In a single-arm mixed-methods study, 14 adults (M = 27 y) used the app for 1 wk after selecting a nutritional health goal. Data were collected via poststudy questionnaires, in-app feedback, and interviews with 8 participants. Receptivity was assessed based on participants’ willingness and ability to engage with prompts in real-world contexts. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively and using exploratory statistical tests; qualitative data were analyzed thematically.

RESULTS: Receptivity to JIT prompts was highest when prompts were delivered at meaningful times and locations, particularly at home and in supermarkets, and appeared higher during more positive and calmer emotional states. Exploratory feasibility findings indicated that usability was affected by technical issues and battery drain. Participants generally expressed willingness to share personal data when used transparently for personalization. Users reported improvements in self-rated diet quality and goal-related dietary behavior, and emotional states were associated with perceived momentary effectiveness. Lower-educated participants reported more installation difficulties, less favorable perceptions of prompt tone, and smaller improvements in food choices.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide initial insight into when and where individuals are most receptive to JIT support for healthy eating, informing the design of future adaptive dietary interventions tailored to users’ contexts and momentary states.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05773625 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05773625).

PMID:42396594 | PMC:PMC13324450 | DOI:10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.109391

BJHS Themes. 2026 Jun 4:1-17. doi: 10.1017/bjt.2026.10034. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This paper uses the introduction at the US Food and Drug Administration of dose-response extrapolation for ascertaining toxicity between 1950 and 1980 to analyse the negotiations between statistical knowledge and regulation. Those statistical methods enabled experimental results to be translated into a ‘safe dose’ of a substance for human consumption, but different methods continued to give different estimates of effects, and there was little basis for determining which methods were most accurate. I argue that statisticians were not proposing their discipline so much as a tool for mechanical decision making than as a set of methods for establishing a regulatory procedure that made assumptions and judgements visible. Consequently, their use did not bring debates about low-dose toxicity to a close even as they promoted a regulatory ethos and enabled regulators to act, even in cases of inherent uncertainty and inescapable variability.

PMID:42396592 | PMC:PMC13320586 | DOI:10.1017/bjt.2026.10034

Front Cell Dev Biol. 2026 Jun 18;14:1840498. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2026.1840498. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) in the mare requires coordinated adaptations of both the conceptus and the endometrium during the peri-recognition interval; however, integrated transcriptomic analyses of both compartments within the same biological window remain limited. Here, we analyzed conceptus RNA-seq data across embryonic age (Days 8 and 12 post ovulation) and endometrial RNA-seq data across pregnancy status (pregnant versus non-pregnant mares sampled between Days 8 and 12 post ovulation). In pregnant mares, conceptus recovery and endometrial biopsy collection were performed within the same gestation, allowing biological integration of embryo and maternal transcriptomes while preserving tissue-specific statistical contrasts.

RESULTS: RNA-seq analysis followed by TMM normalization and voom-limma modeling identified differential expression in both compartments. Differential expression was defined by an adjusted P-value (FDR threshold <0.001). The B-statistic (log-odds of differential expression) was used to prioritize high-confidence candidates for interpretation and downstream modeling, considering genes with a Bayesian posterior probability >1. Gene-level interpretation was restricted to transcripts with a Bayesian posterior probability of differential expression (B > 1). In the conceptus, high-confidence upregulated genes from day 8 to 12 included steroidogenic enzymes (CYP19A1, CYP17A1), extracellular matrix components (COL4A1, COL4A2, COL4A5, SPON1, DSG2), protease regulators (SERPINE1, TMPRSS2, LGMN), and selective transporters (AQP5, SLC2A5, ATP1B3). In the endometrium, downregulated genes in pregnant mares included immediate-early transcriptional regulators (EGR1, FOS, DUSP1) and oxidative stress-associated genes (GSTA4), while upregulated genes in pregnant mares included signaling and regulatory components (HRAS, PUM3, U2AF1L4, COPS6), complement regulator C4BPA, and mitochondrial sulfide metabolism gene SQOR. Functional enrichment analysis supported coordinated extracellular matrix organization and signaling modulation without enrichment of inflammatory pathways.

CONCLUSION: Matched transcriptomic profiling reveals coordinated but compartment-specific gene regulation at the onset of early equine pregnancy. The conceptus exhibits endocrine and interface specialization, whereas the endometrium demonstrates attenuation of immediate-early transcriptional programs and selective signaling recalibration. These data define a high-confidence systems-level framework for early embryo-maternal communication that precedes the classical maternal recognition phase and is consistent with early embryo-maternal communication associated with the transition toward maternal recognition.

PMID:42396560 | PMC:PMC13325742 | DOI:10.3389/fcell.2026.1840498

PCN Rep. 2026 Jul 2;5(3):e70355. doi: 10.1002/pcn5.70355. eCollection 2026 Sep.

ABSTRACT

AIM: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder causing life-threatening physical conditions. Management strategies differ between the restricting subtype (ANR) and the binge-eating/purging subtype (ANBP), with underreported binge-eating/purging behaviors. Objective biomarkers are needed to detect these behaviors for improved treatment. This study explored fingertip autofluorescence (FAF) Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs), reflecting carbonyl stress, to assess their potential in reflecting binge-eating/purging behavior in AN.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 26 female patients with AN and 27 healthy control (HC) participants. Participants completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire 6.0 (EDE-Q 6.0) and underwent percutaneous fluorescence measurement of AGE levels. Statistical analysis included one-way anova with Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression to determine if EDE-Q items predicted fingertip AGE levels in patients with ANBP.

RESULTS: Fingertip AGE levels and all EDE-Q 6.0 subscale scores significantly differed among groups (p < 0.05). Post hoc analyses indicated that participants with ANBP had significantly higher fingertip AGE levels than those with ANR. Correlation analysis showed that the frequency of binge-eating and vomiting significantly positively correlated with fingertip AGE levels. Stepwise regression analysis suggested that the frequency of vomiting significantly predicted fingertip AGE levels.

CONCLUSION: Fingertip AGE levels were higher in patients with ANBP than in those with ANR. Purging behavior, which was significantly correlated with binge-eating behavior in the ANBP group, was suggested to be a primary determinant of elevated AGE levels. Fingertip AGE levels may serve as objective biomarkers for detecting these behaviors and facilitating improved treatment strategies.

PMID:42396552 | PMC:PMC13324242 | DOI:10.1002/pcn5.70355

Open Mind (Camb). 2026 Jun 17;10:808-826. doi: 10.1162/OPMI.a.358. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

This study examined visual statistical learning using EEG-based steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP). Fifty-one adults were exposed to image sequences organized into triplets across three conditions (n = 17 per condition) in which the alignment of category-level and exemplar-level information was manipulated. Neural entrainment at the triplet frequency (1.11 Hz) differed significantly across conditions (η _p ² = .13), with stronger responses in the Single-Category and No-Category conditions than in the Mixed-Category condition. There were no differences at the image frequency (3.33 Hz; η _p ² = .05). Behavioral reaction times mirrored this pattern, showing faster responses to the last exemplar in the triplet in the Single-Category (η _p ² = .71) and No-Category (η _p ² = .22) conditions, but not in the Mixed-Category (η _p ² = .10) condition. Both signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and inter-trial coherence (ITC) captured neural entrainment across fronto-central and parietal-occipital electrode clusters. These findings validate SSVEP as an online measure of visual statistical learning and demonstrate that category-exemplar mismatch interfered with statistical learning.

PMID:42396548 | PMC:PMC13327787 | DOI:10.1162/OPMI.a.358

Int J Nurs Stud Adv. 2026 Jun 15;11:100600. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2026.100600. eCollection 2026 Dec.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers are frequently exposed to workplace violence (including threats and physical aggression), which may increase the risk of burnout complaints through maladaptive coping behaviours such as harmful alcohol use. Leadership climate may buffer these adverse effects by fostering psychological safety and supportive supervisor-employee interactions. This study examined whether leadership climate moderates the association between violence and harmful alcohol use, whether the indirect association between violence and subsequent burnout via harmful alcohol use depends on leadership climate, and whether these pathways differ between physicians and nurses.

METHODS: Two-wave panel data were drawn from the Longitudinal Occupational Health Survey in Healthcare Sweden (LOHHCS). The sample included 2446 healthcare workers. Violence, harmful alcohol use, and leadership climate were assessed at Time 1, while burnout was measured at Time 2. Moderated mediation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro.

RESULTS: Violence was positively associated with harmful alcohol use, with this association weakened under stronger leadership climate. The conditional indirect prospective association between violence and later burnout through harmful alcohol use was evident primarily under weaker leadership conditions (b = 0.007, 95% CI [0.001, 0.016]) and nonsignificant under moderate or strong leadership. Formal tests did not indicate statistically significant differences between professional groups.

CONCLUSIONS: A supportive leadership climate may play a modest protective role in the associations between violence and harmful alcohol use and subsequent burnout. Despite small effect sizes and limited causal inference, consistency with theory suggests that leadership climate may play a meaningful protective role in violence-exposed healthcare environments.

REGISTRATION: Swedish Occupational and Education Registries.

PMID:42396545 | PMC:PMC13324672 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijnsa.2026.100600