Tag: nevin manimala

Inflamm Regen. 2025 Dec 12;45(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s41232-025-00401-5.

ABSTRACT

High-throughput single-cell analysis and screening have become essential tools in life science research. Imaging flow cytometry, in particular, enables large-scale image-based profiling of heterogeneous cell populations, allowing statistical analysis of cellular morphology, subcellular features, and functional responses. However, its analytical capability is often limited by the use of conventional two-dimensional (2D) image sensors. In this review, we highlight recent advances in single-pixel imaging flow cytometry, which replaces 2D image sensors with single-pixel photodetectors. This approach offers advantages in sensitivity, flexibility, and speed in imaging system design and has been implemented in various optical configurations to achieve high-throughput single-cell imaging. We first introduce its key techniques, then outline representative biomedical applications, including cancer and COVID-19 research, and finally discuss current limitations and prospects for future developments. Single-pixel imaging flow cytometry is expected to serve as a versatile platform supporting both basic and translational studies in diverse biomedical applications.

PMID:41387929 | DOI:10.1186/s41232-025-00401-5

Syst Rev. 2025 Dec 12. doi: 10.1186/s13643-025-03017-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are significant health concerns among Radiographers, arising from ergonomic challenges, repetitive tasks, and the physical demands of their profession. These conditions contribute to pain, disability, and reduced productivity, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention and management strategies. Despite the growing recognition of WRMSDs, no systematic reviews or meta-analyses have comprehensively synthesized the prevalence and associated risk factors among Radiographers.

METHOD: This systematic review and meta-analysis will investigate the prevalence of WRMSDs and identify key risk factors in Radiographers. Six electronic databases will be searched from inception to June 2025, using predefined inclusion criteria. The methodological quality of the included studies will be assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklists. Pooled prevalence estimates and risk factor analyses will be performed using meta-analytic techniques, with heterogeneity assessed using Cochran’s Q test and I² statistics.

DISCUSSION: The findings of this review will give critical insights into the burden and underlying causes of WRMSDs within this occupational group, emphasizing the need for supporting evidence-based interventions and workplace modifications to enhance their health and productivity. Additionally, this review is expected to inform policy development in the healthcare sector, guiding the implementation of ergonomic equipment design, workplace health promotion strategies, and targeted training programs. By addressing these challenges, the review will support a comprehensive approach to enhance occupational health and fostering a safe, more efficient work environment for Radiographers.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO, CRD42024565835.

PMID:41387914 | DOI:10.1186/s13643-025-03017-5

Eur J Med Res. 2025 Dec 12. doi: 10.1186/s40001-025-03668-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The myeloid-to-lymphoid ratio (MLR) has been associated with adverse outcomes in various clinical settings; however, its prognostic significance in chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains to be elucidated.

METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive analysis utilizing data from the Research in Evaluation and Treatment aimed at Renal Disease (RETARD) cohort and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. The primary objective was to determine whether baseline peripheral blood MLR could predict the occurrence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), cardiovascular events (CVD), and overall mortality in CKD patients. MLR values were calculated, and optimal thresholds for predicting ESKD and CVD were established using rank statistics. To thoroughly assess the predictive capacity of MLR, we employed restricted cubic splines, weighted Cox regression, stratified analyses, and time-dependent receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

RESULTS: A total of 1704 CKD patients were included in the study, with an average age of 47 years and 48.90% being female. Compared to healthy controls, CKD patients exhibited a significantly higher MLR (p < 0.001). MLR was positively correlated with serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and cystatin-C levels, while it was negatively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Over a median follow-up period of 4.86 years, 356 ESKD events and 272 CVD events were recorded. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that a higher MLR was associated with an increased risk of both ESKD and CVD. After multivariate adjustment, a high MLR was linked to a 1.3-fold increased risk for ESKD (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.317, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.040-1.660, p = 0.020) and CVD events (HR = 1.349, 95% CI 1.050-1.740, p = 0.021). In addition, the predictive value of MLR for overall mortality and cardiovascular-specific mortality was validated in the NHANES database (p = 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that incorporating MLR with clinical parameters significantly enhanced the prediction of ESKD events (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.927, 95% CI 0.911-0.943) and CVD events (AUC = 0.814, 95% CI 0.781-0.846).

CONCLUSIONS: Baseline peripheral blood MLR serves as a significant predictor of ESKD, CVD, and overall mortality in CKD patients, highlighting its potential as a valuable biomarker for risk stratification.

PMID:41387913 | DOI:10.1186/s40001-025-03668-z

Parasit Vectors. 2025 Dec 12. doi: 10.1186/s13071-025-07193-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti are key vectors involved in the transmission of human pathogens worldwide. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated varying levels of arbovirus transmission by these mosquito vectors, leading to an increasing number of investigations that assess vector competence (the ability of an insect to become infected and subsequently transmit a pathogen) of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti lines, to decipher the risks associated with each species. In this study, we evaluated the vector competence of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti lines from the Southwestern Indian Ocean (SWIO) for three arboviruses: Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus serotype-1 (DENV-1), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV).

METHODS: Ten mosquito lines (eight Ae. albopictus and two Ae. aegypti lines), collected from five islands within SWIO (the Seychelles, the Comoros, and the Mascarene archipelagoes), were exposed to epidemic strains of ZIKV, DENV-1, and CHIKV. Three vector competence parameters (infection rate [IR], dissemination efficiency [DE], and transmission efficiency [TE]) were assessed at different days post exposure (dpe) to infectious blood meals, using plaque forming unit (PFU) assays. In addition, viral loads were quantified in positive saliva. These parameters were then compared between mosquito lines, geographic origins, and dpe for each virus.

RESULTS: None of the mosquito lines were competent for the ZIKV strain tested. In contrast, both Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti lines were competent vectors for the strains of DENV-1 and CHIKV tested, with transmission efficiencies reaching 35.4% for DENV-1 and 62.5% for CHIKV. For both mosquito species, statistical analyses revealed that dpe significantly influenced vector competence parameters, whereas the geographic origin of mosquito lines did not.

CONCLUSIONS: The observed vector competence patterns for the three tested viruses might partly explain their current epidemiology in the SWIO. This approach should involve a larger number of Ae. aegypti lines and should be extended to other ZIKV, DENV, and CHIKV strains, as well as to viruses not currently reported in the region, to better assess the risk of (re-)emergence of mosquito-borne viruses in the SWIO.

PMID:41387904 | DOI:10.1186/s13071-025-07193-0

BMC Res Notes. 2025 Dec 12. doi: 10.1186/s13104-025-07613-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the reliability of the malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) kit for detecting Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) in dried blood spot samples preserved under different conditions and durations.

RESULTS: Sixty whole blood samples (approx. 750 mL), which contained the PfHRP2 protein, were collected from patients with uncomplicated malaria. Fifteen dried blood samples (DBS) were made from each sample, making a total of 900 DBS. A set of five DBS each were stored at room temperature (25 °C), 6 °C and – 60 °C, for 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days. PfHRP2 was detected in each stored DBS sample. Irrespective of sample storage conditions, PfHRP2 was reproducible from day 30 to 120. However, after storage for 150 days, the positivity rate reduced to 90%, 88.3% and 80% (p = 0.236) when samples were stored at room temperature, 6 °C and – 60 °C, respectively. Although the positivity rates were statistically similar, room temperature offers a cost-effective, equipment-free, and reliable method for preserving PfHRP2 for up to 120 days.

PMID:41387898 | DOI:10.1186/s13104-025-07613-5

Infect Agent Cancer. 2025 Dec 12. doi: 10.1186/s13027-025-00715-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The complex interplay between parasites and cancer is yielding promising advances in the field of cancer therapeutics. This study explored the in vitro anti-cancer potential of parasite immunomodulators (antigens and antibodies) of Schistosoma mansoni, Trichinella spiralis, and Toxoplasma gondii on human HT-29 colorectal and HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells using the MTT assay. Results revealed that those parasites’ immunomodulators exhibited antineoplastic activity and demonstrated a statistically significant inhibition of both cancer cell lines’ proliferation (P ˂0.05). Notably, Trichinella spiralis antigens and antibodies and anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies demonstrated the most statistically significant inhibitory effects on HT-29 colorectal cancer cells (36.65%, 49.9% and 50.43% respectively). For HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, Trichinella spiralis antigens and antibodies, as well as Toxoplasma gondii antigen, displayed the most statistically significant inhibitory effects (38.27%, 48.25% and 34.68% respectively). Interestingly, parasitic antibodies are particularly noteworthy, exhibiting the most significant inhibitory effects on both cancer cell lines. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the antineoplastic activity of parasites’ antibodies against human colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. These findings could enlighten the path for promising cancer therapeutic candidates. Future research should explore the antineoplastic potential of a broader range of parasites’ immunomodulators and identify their mechanisms of action. This could represent a qualitative shift towards the development of innovative cancer therapeutic antibodies and cancer vaccine candidates of parasitic origin for cancer-targeted immunotherapy.

PMID:41387891 | DOI:10.1186/s13027-025-00715-6

J Orthop Surg Res. 2025 Dec 12. doi: 10.1186/s13018-025-06526-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent and painful joint disorder with limited long-term treatment options. Intra-articular corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid offer only short-term relief and may have safety concerns. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness and safety of a single intra-articular injection of 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel in individuals with moderate to severe knee osteoarthritis.

METHODS: This prospective, multicentre, open-label, single-arm clinical study enrolled 49 participants who received a single 6 mL intra-articular injection of 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel. After 1 year, 35 participants entered an extension study with yearly assessments up to 5 years post treatment. The primary outcomes for the extension phase included changes from baseline in WOMAC subscales (pain, stiffness, physical function) and Patient Global Assessment (PGA). Safety was evaluated through the incidence of adverse events. Statistical analyses included a mixed model for repeated measures and sensitivity analyses using ANCOVA and baseline observation carried forward.

RESULTS: Of the 49 participants, 27 completed the five-year follow-up. Statistically significant improvements from baseline were observed in WOMAC pain (-14.6; 95% CI: -21.4 to -7.7; p = 0.0002), stiffness (-19.6; 95% CI: -29.9 to -9.3; p = 0.0006), physical function (-12.5; 95% CI: -19.8 to -5.2; p = 0.0015), and PGA (-13.4; 95% CI: -23.3 to -3.5; p = 0.0100). These improvements were sustained throughout the five-year period. A total of 47 adverse events were reported in the extension study, with no serious events attributed to the investigational device. No new adverse device effects were reported in the extension study.

CONCLUSIONS: A single intra-articular injection of 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel demonstrated sustained improvements in WOMAC pain, stiffness, physical function, and PGA for up to five years, with a favourable safety profile. These findings support its potential as a long-term treatment option for knee osteoarthritis.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04179552.

PMID:41387884 | DOI:10.1186/s13018-025-06526-0

Malar J. 2025 Dec 13. doi: 10.1186/s12936-025-05720-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Despite the eradication of malaria as a locally transmitted disease in Spain, the incidence of imported cases continues to rise, with Plasmodium falciparum representing the majority of infections. Prompt access to effective antimalarial treatment, particularly artemisinin-based therapies, is crucial to prevent severe outcomes. However, the unguaranteed and irregular availability of these drugs poses a potential threat to patient management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the availability of antimalarial drugs and their procurement times in Spanish hospitals.

METHODS: A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted between September 2023 and January 2024. Hospital pharmacists were invited via the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy to report on antimalarial stock levels and procurement times. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests, stratified by hospital size and the presence of malaria treatment protocols.

RESULTS: A total of 46 hospitals participated. Intravenous artesunate, the first-line treatment for severe malaria, was stocked in 74% of hospitals, but only 60% could acquire it within 24 h on weekdays if not already in stock or more doses were required. Availability was higher and acquisition times were shorter in large hospitals (> 500 beds) and in institutions with established protocols for malaria treatment. Artemisinin-based combinations, such as piperaquine-dihydroartemisinin, and atovaquone-proguanil were more accessible, but weekend acquisition remained limited.

CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights substantial variability and critical delays in antimalarial drug availability across Spanish hospitals. Enhancing access requires national stockpiling strategies, broader implementation of standardized treatment protocols, and improved procurement systems. These measures are vital to ensure timely treatment and reduce morbidity associated with imported malaria.

PMID:41387872 | DOI:10.1186/s12936-025-05720-z

BMC Health Serv Res. 2025 Dec 12. doi: 10.1186/s12913-025-13867-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Obesity remains a major and growing public health challenge in Malaysia. This study examined obesity-related perceptions, attitudes, and care practices among Malaysian healthcare professionals (HCP) and decision-makers (HDM), within the multinational Obesity Policy Engagement Network (OPEN) Models of Care survey.

METHODS: This subgroup analysis involved 150 HCP and 53 HDM who responded to questions assessing recognition of obesity as a chronic disease, attitudes toward people with obesity (PwO), and views on system capacity and policy priorities. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and reported as percentages.

RESULTS: Only 27% (n = 55) of respondents recognized obesity as a chronic disease. Notably, 54% of HCP and 51% of HDM acknowledged holding biases against PwO. Although 65% of HCP and 60% of HDM agreed that PwO deserve equal respect, care, and treatment, over half of both groups believed obesity to be the patients’ personal choice and responsibility. Only 56% of HCP and 45% of HDM considered existing obesity services to be adequate. Patient support groups were ranked least important in obesity policy development.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight persistent misconceptions, stigma, and fragmented perceptions among HCP and HDM in Malaysia. A coordinated, system-level approach that recognizes obesity as a chronic disease is essential to improving outcomes for PwO and shaping inclusive, evidence-based policies.

PMID:41387867 | DOI:10.1186/s12913-025-13867-3

BMC Nurs. 2025 Dec 12. doi: 10.1186/s12912-025-04215-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), require long-term, multidisciplinary care. Within this model, the nurse-patient relationship is essential, yet little is known about mutuality-defined as shared trust, collaboration, and reciprocity. This study assessed nurse-patient mutuality in IBD using the Nurse-Patient Mutuality in Chronic Illness (NPM-CI) scale.

METHODS: A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted in Italian IBD centers. Adult outpatients with confirmed IBD completed the NPM-CI patient version, a 20-item validated tool assessing three dimensions: developing and going beyond, being a point of reference, and deciding and sharing care. Descriptive statistics were used.

RESULTS: Among 453 patients, 449 (94%) completed the NPM-CI. The mean total score was high (81.2 ± 13.3). UC patients reported higher scores than CD patients. The highest-rated items concerned respect for privacy and attention to well-being, while lower scores reflected limited emotional sharing and clarification of information from other professionals.

CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to evaluate nurse-patient mutuality in IBD using a validated tool. Findings highlight the central role of IBD nurses in building therapeutic relationships. Enhancing emotional communication and shared decision-making could further strengthen mutuality and improve care outcomes.

PMID:41387861 | DOI:10.1186/s12912-025-04215-1