Tag: nevin manimala

Sci Rep. 2026 Aug 6;16(1):24308. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-64165-9.

ABSTRACT

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and has gained wide application in bone regeneration, particularly in maxillofacial and dental research. HA derivatives and HA-incorporated composite scaffolds demonstrate strong potential in enhancing osteogenesis and mineralization. The aim of this work was to evaluate clinical and radiographic effects of natural bovine bone with HA on immediate implants. Sixteen immediate implants were placed in medically free patients with non-restorable single-rooted maxillary anterior or premolar teeth; Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: Group 1 (Control): Implants placed in 8 fresh extraction sockets. Group 2 (Study): Implants placed in 8 fresh extraction sockets followed by grafting with a natural bovine bone material with HA. Implant stability quotient (ISQ) was measured at the time of implant surgery and 4 months postoperatively. Bone density and buccal bone width were measured immediately and 6 months postoperatively using Cone Beam CT. After 4 months, the study group showed higher ISQs values than the control group (72.25 ± 2.66 vs. 64.88 ± 1.36, p < 0.001). Bone density was significantly higher in the study group at 6 months (1163.38 ± 112.64 HU vs. 1034.13 ± 71.19 HU, p = 0.016). A significant reduction in buccal bone width was observed at 6-month follow-up in both groups. The reduction was more pronounced in the control group (15.99%; p < 0.001) than in the study group (3.88%; p = 0.014). No statistically significant differences were detected between the groups at either the immediate postoperative assessment or the 6-month follow-up. The use of natural bovine bone with hyaluronic acid after immediate implant placement enhances early implant stability, increases peri-implant bone density, and contributes to preservation of buccal bone dimensions, thereby supporting improved osseointegration.Trial registration: Current controlled trials NCT07199725 “Retrospectively registered” (registration date 02/09/2025).

PMID:42562852 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-64165-9

Sci Rep. 2026 Aug 6;16(1):24338. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-66067-2.

ABSTRACT

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a non-invasive technology capable of assessing microcirculatory impairment. This study evaluated whether HSI can detect early microcirculatory alterations in trauma patients and differentiate between those with hemodynamic instability or stability during initial trauma resuscitation. In this prospective single-center observational study at a German level I trauma center (01/2023-10/2024), patients underwent HSI (TIVITA^® 2.0) at three time points: during the primary survey, after resuscitation room care, and 24 h after admission. HSI approximates four microcirculatory parameters: tissue oxygenation saturation (StO₂), tissue water index (TWI), tissue hemoglobin index (THI), and near-infrared perfusion index (NIR). Hemodynamic instability was defined as systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg for > 10 min, catecholamine use > 10 min, or pronounced clinical signs of hypoperfusion. The primary outcome was the difference in StO₂ between patients with and without hemodynamic instability at the initial HSI measurement. Secondary outcomes included comparison of all HSI parameters between groups, correlations with Injury Severity Score (ISS), biomarkers (lactate, bicarbonate, base excess), and mortality. Statistical analyses comprised t-tests, receiver operator curve (ROC) analyses, diagnostic accuracy, and DeLong’s test. A total of 163 patients were analyzed (18 hemodynamic instability, 145 hemodynamic stability). No significant difference in initial StO₂ was observed between groups (hemodynamic instability: 56.50 (SD 17.08) vs. hemodynamic stability: 59.48 (SD 10.92); p = 0.311). Likewise, TWI, THI, and NIR showed no significant differences. Initial elevated lactate levels (≥ 2 mmol/L) were associated with significantly lower StO₂ levels (p = 0.002). ROC analysis of StO₂ for predicting in-hospital mortality showed an area under the curve of 0.677 (95% CI 0.529-0.825). The optimal mortality cut-off (StO₂ ≤ 54%) demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.70, specificity of 0.66, positive predictive value of 0.22, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.94. AUCs of StO₂, lactate, bicarbonate, and base excess overlapped, with no significant pairwise differences. HSI did not discriminate between hemodynamically unstable and stable patients at initial trauma assessment but correlated well with high lactate levels. However, its high NPV for mortality suggests potential value as an objective, non-invasive tool for early trauma team downgrading.Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS ID DRKS00030986) on 27th December 2022.

PMID:42562849 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-66067-2

J Interpers Violence. 2026 Aug 6:8862605261473529. doi: 10.1177/08862605261473529. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study sought to understand the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on nonfatal workplace violence (WPV) experiences of workers in different occupational groups in the United States. The 2017 to 2022 National Crime Victimization Survey data were used to generate national nonfatal WPV rates in the United States for seven occupational groups. We used a quantitative approach to compare the WPV rates across occupational groups before and during the pandemic in light of changes in the routine activities of the U.S. workforce. First, average annual WPV rates by occupational group were compared across study years to identify temporal patterns. Second, average WPV rates for the three pre-pandemic years (2017-2019) and the three pandemic years (2020-2022) were compared to assess changes associated with the pandemic. Third, paired samples t-tests were conducted to determine whether differences in WPV rates between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods were statistically significant for each occupational group. Our analysis of overall patterns revealed several temporal shifts: WPV rates sharply declined in the first pandemic year, surged in the second year, and shifted downward again in the third year. We also found that WPV rates varied across occupational groups and pandemic years, suggesting that these trends reflect differential changes in working environments across occupational groups during distinct phases of the pandemic. These findings highlight the complex and heterogenous impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on WPV and underscore the importance of considering occupational and contextual differences when developing policies and interventions to mitigate WPV during public health emergencies.

PMID:42562809 | DOI:10.1177/08862605261473529

Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2026 Aug 10. doi: 10.1515/ijamh-2026-0013. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Peer bullying represent significant public health challenges with profound implications for adolescent psychosocial development. This study investigates the frequency of traditional and cyberbullying among adolescents, specifically examining how BMI and socioeconomic factors predict victimization risk and frequency. This study aimed to determine the frequency of peerbullying among school-aged children and adolescents and to examine the predictive impact of body mass index (BMI) and socioeconomic factors on victimization.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 330 Turkish adolescents aged 10-17 years of school-aged children and adolescents. Data were collected using the 9-item Child-Adolescent Bullying Scale (CABS-9) – Short Form along with a demographic information form. BMI was calculated based on height and weight measurements. Statistical analysis included regression models to determine the variance explained by BMI.

RESULTS: The prevalence of peer bullying was found to be 42.1 %, while cyberbullying prevalence was 12.7 %. Male gender, lower socioeconomic status, and younger age (specifically 4th-grade students) were identified as significant risk factors. BMI accounted for 17.5 % of the variance in bullying victimization (R²=0.175), with overweight and obese participants reporting significantly higher victimization scores (19.12 ± 6.15) compared to their normal-weight peers (13.50 ± 3.85). Verbal bullying (mocking and ridiculing) was the most frequent (33.9 %).

CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that bullying frequency in this sample exceeds global averages but aligns with regional trends in high- frequency areas. The significant predictive power of BMI suggests that physical appearance remains a primary catalyst for peer exclusion and mockery. These results underscore the urgent need for early-intervention programs, starting in primary school, that focus on body positivity, self-esteem enhancement, and the social integration of economically disadvantaged students.

PMID:42562798 | DOI:10.1515/ijamh-2026-0013

Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2026 Aug 6. doi: 10.1080/14737167.2026.2715984. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Price negotiation improves access to innovative anti-cancer drugs in China but pressures healthcare funds. Renewal negotiation balances cost and access, with success defined as entering a new two-year agreement after initial term. This study analyzes renewal factors from innovation and price adjustment dimensions.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We analyzed 104 anti-cancer drugs (2017-2023) using a multivariate logistic regression model with five prespecified variables from two policy-relevant dimensions (innovation and price adjustment). Adopting Bootstrap validation (1000 resamples) to assess overfitting and estimation stability. Stratified analyses were performed by innovation category.

RESULTS: Sixty-eight drugs were renewed. With five variables, EPV was 13.6. Exclusivity and priority review status were positively associated with renewal success from the innovation dimension. Indication expansion showed positive but non-significant association. Initial price reduction and first price reduction showed positive association from the price adjustment dimension. Bootstrap-corrected AUC was 0.856. Stratified analyses showed 52.9% of First-in-class (FIC) drugs renewed without price reduction or indication expansion, whereas non-FIC drugs required these measures.

CONCLUSIONS: Exclusivity, priority review status, and price reduction measures are positively associated with renewal success. Stratified analyses suggest that FIC drugs may receive greater policy tolerance, whereas non-FIC drugs appear to require price reductions or indication expansion.

PMID:42562781 | DOI:10.1080/14737167.2026.2715984

Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2026 Aug 6. doi: 10.1080/14737167.2026.2715976. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Croatia has among the highest melanoma mortality rates in the European Union. This study examined temporal trends in melanoma stage at diagnosis, disease burden, and indirect costs in Croatia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Population-level melanoma incidence data from the Croatian Cancer Registry were analyzed for 2003-2007, 2008-2012, and 2013-2019. Stage distribution and mean annual case numbers were assessed for localized, regional, metastatic, and unknown-stage disease. Disease burden indicators (disability-adjusted life years [DALY], years of life lost [YLL], years lost to disability [YLD]) and indirect costs were evaluated for individuals aged < 60 years in 2000, 2010, and 2019. Analyses were descriptive; no formal statistical testing was performed.

RESULTS: Localized melanoma rose from 55% to 68%, while metastatic disease declined from 17% to 8%. Mean annual localized cases more than doubled, whereas metastatic case counts remained stable. DALYs and YLLs decreased by 19% and 21%, respectively, while YLDs increased. Annual indirect costs declined, with cost savings of €8.3 million (DALY method) and €8.4 million (YLL method).

CONCLUSIONS: Declining DALYs, YLLs, and indirect costs suggest improving melanoma outcomes in Croatia, potentially reflecting earlier detection and therapeutic innovation, and underscore the importance of sustained investment in integrated melanoma control strategies.

PMID:42562778 | DOI:10.1080/14737167.2026.2715976

Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2026 Aug;26(8):e70780. doi: 10.1111/ggi.70780.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:42562765 | DOI:10.1111/ggi.70780

Pediatr Neonatol. 2026 Jul 21:S1875-9572(26)00112-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2026.05.005. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Immunogenicity following an additional (third) COVID-19 vaccine dose in children receiving immunosuppressive therapy remains insufficiently characterized.

METHODS: We enrolled immunosuppressed children with hematological malignancies, nephrotic syndrome (NS), or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who had completed a two-dose primary series of mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 at least 150 days prior to enrollment. Humoral and cellular immune responses were assessed before and after an additional dose and compared with responses in healthy children one month after primary vaccination.

RESULTS: In children receiving immunosuppressive therapy (n = 7), the additional dose resulted in a 1.50-fold increase in anti-spike IgG levels and a modest 1.14-fold increase in cellular immune responses. Children with hematological cancers (n = 2) showed increases in both humoral and cellular immune responses. Despite the additional dose, anti-spike IgG levels in the immunosuppressed group (geometric mean concentration = 895.62 BAU/mL) remained lower than those in healthy controls (2454.56 BAU/mL; n = 14), although the difference was not statistically significant, while levels in the hematological cancer group were substantially lower (16.26 BAU/mL). Cellular immune responses also remained reduced in both the immunosuppressed group (69.73 SFU/2 × 10⁵ PBMCs) and the hematological cancer group (17.89 SFU/2 × 10⁵ PBMCs) compared with healthy controls (112.26 SFU/2 × 10⁵ PBMCs). Neutralizing antibody titers against the BA.2 variant increased by 2.08-fold in the immunosuppressed group and by 18.12-fold in the hematological cancer group.

CONCLUSIONS: Although an additional mRNA-1273 dose was associated with increased humoral and cellular immune responses in children with hematological cancers and enhanced humoral responses in immunosuppressed children, the overall magnitude of response was limited. Immunogenicity following the additional dose was modest, and the clinical benefit of an additional dose in children with NS, IBD, or hematological cancers remains uncertain.

PMID:42562753 | DOI:10.1016/j.pedneo.2026.05.005

J Orthop Sci. 2026 Aug 6:S0949-2658(26)00219-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jos.2026.07.008. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Mobility decline increases risks of falls, long-term care, and mortality, yet it may start in midlife. We examined lifestyle-related factors for the incident mobility decline in middle-aged adults.

METHODS: We conducted a 7-year cohort study using a health checkup database from an urban area of Japan (2016-2023). Participants without baseline mobility limitation were included; those without 2023 follow-up or with missing data were excluded. Mobility was assessed at baseline and follow-up using locomotive syndrome (LS) risk tests, including two-step and stand-up tests and the Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale-25. Baseline lifestyle habits and lifestyle-related conditions were collected. The main outcome was incident LS at follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression assessed associations between baseline factors and LS development.

RESULTS: Among 10,445 participants (median age 47 years [interquartile range 42-53]; 3949 [38%] female), 1205 (12%) developed LS over 7 years, mainly due to deterioration in the stand-up test (681, 6%) and Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale-25 (566, 6%). In analyses stratified jointly by age group and sex, high waist circumference was associated with incident LS in women across all age groups and in men aged 40-49 and 50-59 years. Diabetes was associated with incident LS in men aged 40-49 and 50-59 years. However, interaction analyses did not provide statistical evidence that these associations differed across age-sex subgroups.

CONCLUSIONS: High waist circumference and diabetes in midlife were associated with incident LS over 7 years, although residual confounding factors and potential informative censoring due to loss to follow-up may have influenced these associations.

PMID:42562729 | DOI:10.1016/j.jos.2026.07.008

Chin J Traumatol. 2026 Jul 31:S1008-1275(26)00146-X. doi: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2026.06.001. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Non-union fractures of the lower extremity remain a major clinical challenge due to high mechanical loading, compromised vascularity, and limited soft-tissue coverage. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a biological adjunct to enhance bone healing; however, its efficacy in non-union fractures is still debated. This review aimed to synthesize available evidence on reported outcomes of adjunctive PRP use in non-union lower extremity fractures.

METHODS: A comprehensive literature search up to 31st October 2025 was performed in PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Cochrane, and Google Scholar in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines. Eligible studies included adult patients with non-union tibial or femoral fractures treated with PRP as platelet gel, platelet concentrate, or composite graft, compared with standard treatment or without PRP. The primary outcome was time to radiographic union, while radiographic non-union and complications were evaluated as secondary outcomes. Random-effects models with the DerSimonian-Laird method were used to calculate pooled effect sizes, and heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics.

RESULTS: Seven studies involving 230 patients were included. Heterogeneous PRP-augmented surgical strategies significantly reduced time to radiographic union by 2.59 weeks compared with control (95% confidence intervals: -4.14 to -1.05; p < 0.001, I² = 0%). Subgroup analysis showed a consistent direction of effect across randomized and observational studies. The pooled analysis of radiographic non-union showed a non-significant trend favoring PRP (odds ratio: 0.35; 95% confidence intervals: 0.11 – 1.08; p = 0.07; I² = 0%). Complication outcomes were inconsistently reported, and available data did not identify a clear signal of serious PRP-related harm.

CONCLUSION: Heterogeneous PRP-augmented surgical strategies, including PRP gel, platelet concentrate, and composite graft, were associated with a modest reduction in time to radiographic union in lower extremity non-union fractures. Adequately powered trials using standardized PRP protocols and clinically meaningful outcomes are required.

PMID:42562721 | DOI:10.1016/j.cjtee.2026.06.001