Tag: nevin manimala

Malar J. 2025 May 29;24(1):172. doi: 10.1186/s12936-025-05418-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: As malaria-endemic countries progress towards elimination, distinct patterns of heterogeneous transmission are emerging. In south-eastern Tanzania, despite intensive control efforts, localized transmission shows prevalence ranging from under 1% to over 50% among nearby villages. This study investigated the socioeconomic and environmental factors driving this spatial heterogeneity.

METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Kilombero and Ulanga districts of south-eastern Tanzania between 2022 and 2023, screening 3,249 individuals (ages 5-60) across 10 villages for malaria using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Socioeconomic data was collected from all surveyed households and villages via questionnaires, while environmental data were obtained from remote sensing data sources. Associations between socioeconomic factors and malaria infection were analysed using a zero-inflated negative binomial model and employed a generalized additive model (GAM) to assess the impact of rainfall, and temperature on malaria infection.

RESULTS: Greater elevation and higher rainfall were positively associated with malaria infection (OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.38-2.05, p < 0.001 and OR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.14-1.87, p < 0.05 respectively), while temperature showed no significant effect (OR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.51-1.13, p = 0.117). Households in densely vegetated areas had higher malaria infections compared to those in more developed, built-up areas. At the individual level, males had a higher prevalence (355; 28.6%) and displayed significantly greater odds of infection (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.15-2.03, p < 0.05) than females (433; 21.6%). School-aged children (5-17 years) had a higher prevalence (36.9%) compared to adults (18-60 years) (15.9%). The probability of infection declined with increasing age (OR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.25-0.31, p < 0.001). Larger household sizes (more than four members) were positively associated with malaria infection (OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.29-2.29, p < 0.001). Open-eave housing was associated with higher odds of malaria, whereas closed eaves (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.38-0.82, p < 0.05) and metal roofs (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.44-0.87, p < 0.05) were protective factors. Open water sources were positively associated with malaria infection compared to protected water sources (OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.38-0.85, p < 0.05). Lack of bed net use was positively associated with malaria but this was not statistically significant (OR = 1.54, 95% CI 0.68-3.48, p = 0.299).

CONCLUSION: This study highlights the complex interplay between socioeconomic and environmental factors contributing to the fine-scale spatial heterogeneity of malaria in south-eastern Tanzania. Understanding these localized drivers is essential for designing targeted, effective strategies that support broader malaria elimination goals.

PMID:40442793 | DOI:10.1186/s12936-025-05418-2

BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2025 May 29;26(1):529. doi: 10.1186/s12891-025-08792-9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative and inflammatory joint disease caused by multiple factors, the underlying mechanisms of which are not fully understood. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) are both novel biomarkers and predictors of inflammation. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between SII, SIRI and OA in adult.

OBJECTIVE: The ultimate goal is to gain a deeper understanding of how SII, SIRI influences OA and the implications of this relationship.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed data from 7204 participants aged 20 and older from the NHANES surveys conducted in 1999-2020, all of whom provided comprehensive data for this study. Standardized surveys assessed the presence of osteoarthritis and SII, SIRI. To thoroughly understand their relationship, we employed statistical techniques including multivariable logistic regression, stratified analysis with interaction, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and threshold effect analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 7204 adult participants were enrolled, composing of 2830 (39.3%) male and 4374 (60.7%) female with a median age of 62.2 ± 13.9 years, 2955 (41.0%) were diagnosed with OA. Accordingly, A linear relationship between SII and OA was discovered after adjusting for underlying confounders, (p > 0.05) in RCS, and the association between the SIRI and OA exhibited a nonlinear relationship (p = 0. 042) in RCS. In the threshold analysis, the OR of developing OA was 1.648 (95% CI: 1.144 ~ 2.374, p < 0.05) in participants with SIRI of < 0.99 10³ cells/ml. There was no significantly association between the SIRI and OA when the SIRI was ≥ 0.99 10³ cells/ml. Further sensitivity analyses provided confidence that the results are robust and not likely to be substantially influenced by unmeasured confounding factors.

CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional study demonstrated that a linear relationship between SII and OA, and the association between the SIRI and OA was found to be nonlinear.

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

PMID:40442764 | DOI:10.1186/s12891-025-08792-9

J Health Popul Nutr. 2025 May 29;44(1):179. doi: 10.1186/s41043-025-00932-0.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Common chronic inflammatory condition known as allergic rhinitis(AR) has a major negative influence on people’s health and puts a heavy strain on the world’s healthcare systems. Despite the significant incidence of AR. This study aims to assess the potential link between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and the risk of developing AR.

METHODS: This study involved the analysis of data from 3,938 adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted in 2005-2006. The DII score was used to evaluate the inflammatory potential of the participants’ diets, and Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between DII (in tertiles) and having AR, adjusting for potential confounders. Subgroup analyses stratified by sex and Body Mass Index (BMI) were conducted to evaluate effect modification.

RESULTS: Our study demonstrated a positive correlation between the DII and the odds of AR prevalence. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared to individuals in the lowest tertile, those in the highest DII tertile had a 34% higher odds of AR prevalence.(OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.09-1.65). Furthermore, the subgroup analysis revealed a significant interaction (P < 0.05 for interaction) when stratified by sex and BMI.

CONCLUSION: These results show that a higher DII score corresponds to the odds of AR prevalence, emphasizing the possible reduction of AR risk that can be achieved by eating a diet strong in anti-inflammatory nutrients and low in pro-inflammatory foods. This study emphasizes the role that dietary choices play in managing the risk of developing AR.

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

PMID:40442763 | DOI:10.1186/s41043-025-00932-0

Mol Autism. 2025 May 29;16(1):32. doi: 10.1186/s13229-025-00665-1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a common developmental disorder, has surged in recent years. Accordingly, the identification and early management of possible risk factors can diminish ASD incidence.

AIM: To determine the prevalence and severity of idiopathic ASD in Egyptian children aged 12 months to 12 years, and to identify the epidemiological, sociodemographic, and environmental risk factors contributing to this disorder.

METHODS: This study comprised 41,640 children from the main eight geographic areas in Egypt. It was conducted through four phases: household screening, facility-based screening for high-risk children, diagnosis confirmation, and risk factor assessment.

RESULTS: The prevalence of ASD as confirmed by the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was 1.1% (455 out of 41,640), with significant geographic variability. Urban areas had a significantly higher prevalence than rural areas. Children aged 3-6 years showed the highest prevalence at 1.5%. Boys were four times more affected than girls, with prevalence rates of 1.7% and 0.4%, respectively. Significant risk factors included: a history of convulsions (AOR = 4.7; 95% CI: 3.3-6.79), low birth weight (AOR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.54-2.79), prolonged stays in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) longer than two days (AOR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.46-2.49) and maternal health problems during pregnancy (AOR = 1.66; 95% CI:1.36-1.95). Regarding severity, 45% of diagnosed children had moderate ASD, 39% had severe ASD, and 16% had mild ASD. Female gender and older age were significant predictors of greater ASD severity.

CONCLUSION: ASD prevalence in Egypt is comparable to other Middle Eastern countries. Policymakers should utilize these findings to design targeted public health interventions aimed at early detection, management, and prevention of ASD progression.

PMID:40442748 | DOI:10.1186/s13229-025-00665-1

World J Emerg Surg. 2025 May 29;20(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s13017-025-00608-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The decline in trauma cases and the increase in non-surgical treatments have reduced opportunities for trauma surgery training. This study examined the effectiveness of Cadaver-Based Educational Seminar for Trauma Surgery (C-BEST) as a lifelong educational tool for novice and experienced clinicians.

METHODS: From 2017 to 2023, 117 clinicians with varying levels of experience participated in the C-BEST program at Hokkaido University. Participants included novice clinicians (median years post-graduation: 5) and experienced clinicians (median years post-graduation: 19). Each participant assessed their confidence in 21 trauma techniques before, immediately after, and 6 months post-course using a self-assessment of confidence levels (SACL) scale.

RESULTS: The analysis showed significant improvement in SACL scores immediately after the course, with confidence levels remaining sustained 6 months later. Novice clinicians demonstrated substantial skill acquisition, whereas experienced clinicians reported the reinforcement and refinement of existing skills.

CONCLUSIONS: C-BEST seems valuable as a training tool for the acquisition and retention of trauma surgery skills, addressing practical needs in trauma care. C-BEST provides an effective and sustained approach to trauma surgery skill development and retention across career stages. Further research on its long-term impact and applicability in diverse clinical settings is recommended.

PMID:40442744 | DOI:10.1186/s13017-025-00608-4

BMC Surg. 2025 May 29;25(1):236. doi: 10.1186/s12893-025-02969-8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Thermal damage during surgical procedures is a critical factor influencing patient safety and outcomes, particularly in minimally invasive laparoscopic surgeries. Advanced robotic-assisted surgical systems, such as the Anovo^® Surgical System, incorporate monopolar electrosurgical tools designed to optimize precision while minimizing collateral tissue damage. This study evaluates the thermal effects of the Anovo^® Hook Electrode and Curved Scissors compared to conventional off-the-shelf (OTS) tools.

METHODS: An ex vivo study was conducted using 288 tissue samples from a swine model, including liver, kidney, and muscle tissues. Thermal effects during monopolar cutting and coagulation were evaluated at three power settings (low, medium, high) and durations (5, 10, 15 s). Histological analysis was performed on all samples to assess coagulation necrosis and thermal spread. Statistical equivalence testing was applied to compare the Anovo^® devices with OTS tools.

RESULTS: The Anovo^® devices achieved precise and consistent thermal effects, meeting equivalence criteria in 97.57% of samples. Histological analysis confirmed well-defined coagulation zones with no unintended necrosis beyond the treated areas. Thermal spread increased proportionally with power settings and activation durations, but remained within clinically acceptable limits. The Anovo^® devices demonstrated performance comparable to, and occasionally superior to, OTS tools.

CONCLUSION: The Anovo^® Hook Electrode and Curved Scissors provide safe and effective monopolar electrosurgical performance with precise thermal effects. These findings support their use in robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgeries and highlight their potential to enhance surgical precision and patient outcomes.

PMID:40442741 | DOI:10.1186/s12893-025-02969-8

BMC Oral Health. 2025 May 29;25(1):850. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-05930-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the novel Striate + collagen membrane in a canine model of guided bone and tissue regeneration (GBR) with dental implant placement.

METHODS: Eighteen mature beagle dogs were used in this split-mouth study. After having their premolar teeth extracted, GBR with immediate implant placement was performed on all study subjects.

STUDY SUBJECTS: The study treatments were: control group (implant + no membrane); BG-group (implant + Bio-Gide membrane); and SG-group (implant + Striate + membrane). Six dogs were sacrificed at 4-, 8- and, 12-weeks post-treatment for radiographic (µCT) assessment, histological examination and histomorphometric analysis.

RESULTS: µCT assessment showed that all groups exhibited increased bone formation from 4-weeks to 12-weeks post-treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in mean BV/TV between all 3 groups at weeks 4 and 8. At week 12, BV/TV was significantly higher in SG and BG-groups compared to control group. Assessment of bone microarchitectural parameters showed that animals in SG-group exhibited significantly higher Tb.N, O.Wi and lower Tb.Sp, suggesting more favorable mature bone structure. A significant increase in the number of osteoblasts on bone surface was also seen in SG-group. Histological assessment showed that SG-group displayed early signs of bone-to-implant contact at 8 weeks. While control sites showed early ingrowth of epithelium and connective tissue into the defects, infiltration of inflammatory cells, incomplete bone formation and limited bone to implant contact, use of a barrier membrane resulted in significant bone infill, mature bone formation with good bone to implant contact. and limited soft tissue invasion.

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated superiority of Striate + collagen membrane to promote good bone formation and prevent unwanted epithelial infiltration in a canine mode of GBR.

PMID:40442739 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-05930-6

BMC Vet Res. 2025 May 30;21(1):390. doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-04837-2.

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health concern, and the inappropriate use of antibiotics in animals and humans is considered a significant contributing factor. Para-veterinarians and veterinarians are vital in the fight against AMR. The study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the para-veterinarians and veterinarians towards antimicrobial stewardship in Malawi. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey among the para-veterinarians and veterinarians was conducted from October 2024 to January 2025. A total of 69 participants, comprised of 42 para-veterinarians and 27 veterinarians, participated in this study, and the response rate for the survey was 44% (n = 158). The study used a predetermined cutoff of ≥ 55% to classify scores as having good knowledge, good practice, and a positive attitude. The study found that 85.5% of the respondents had good knowledge and 98.6% had good practices towards antimicrobial stewardship and prevention of AMR, while 92.8% had favorable attitude towards AMR and antimicrobial stewardship. The maximum obtainable scores for each construct were 11, 13 and 13 for knowledge, practice, and attitude, respectively. The overall mean scores for knowledge, practice and attitude were 11.25 ± 2.83, 8.71 ± 1.34 and 9.04 ± 1.64, respectively. These findings indicated that the respondents had good knowledge, good practices and favorable positive attitude towards AMR and antimicrobial stewardship. The study concludes that there is good level of knowledge, practice and favorable attitude among para-veterinarians and veterinarians towards antimicrobial stewardship which can be capitalized in the fight against AMR in Malawi. The veterinary professionals can be entrusted to comply with responsible antimicrobial prescriptions and use.

PMID:40442733 | DOI:10.1186/s12917-025-04837-2

BMC Urol. 2025 May 29;25(1):143. doi: 10.1186/s12894-025-01809-4.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Mayo adhesive probability (MAP) score affects the outcomes of adrenaletomy. Aimed to determine whether the modified retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy (MRLA) overcomes periadrenal fat adhesion compared to Classical retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy (CRLA) to achieve better surgical outcomes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients admitted from January 2016 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed and systematically categorized into two distinct cohorts: the MRLA group and the CRLA group, based on specific criteria.The main surgical techniques modified of MRLA is third separation level: between the edge of adrenal gland and the peripheral renal fat. The baseline characteristics and perioperative data, e.g., age, gender, BMI, tumor position, tumor size (cm), MAP score, P distance (cm), perinephric stranding, and periadrenal stranding, estimated blood loss, Operating time, were analyzed, with statistical significance defined as p < 0.05. We analyzed the differences between groups using the t test. For measurement data that didn’t follow normal distribution, we described the concentration and dispersion trended using M (Q25, Q75) and analyzed the differences between groups using the M-U test. For data that met certain conditions like being linear, normal and independent, we used linear regression analysis. For binary classification of dependent variables, we used binary logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 731 patients underwent adrenaletomy, and 651 patients had adequate data, were available for MAP score assessment. Of these patients, 247 were in the MRLA group, whereas 404 were in the CRLA group, baseline characteristics weren’t found to be different between the two groups (p > 0.05). The MRLA group exhibited superior outcomes in terms of operating time, duration, postoperative hospital stay, estimated blood loss, and complications, in comparison to the CRLA group. Further analysis revealed that periadrenal stranding could be the underlying cause for this discrepancy.

CONCLUSIONS: The MRLA effectively overcame the impact of adhesive periadrenal fat (APAF) compared to CRLA. We recommend to employ the MRLA for patients with preoperative CT images indicating periadrenal fat adhesion.

PMID:40442731 | DOI:10.1186/s12894-025-01809-4

BMC Vet Res. 2025 May 30;21(1):392. doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-04799-5.

ABSTRACT

Food security and employment prospects are significantly influenced by the fish industry. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2023 to March 2024 to determine the pathological lesions, prevalence, and associated risk factors of L. intestinalis infection in Labeobarbus fish species in Lake Tana, Ethiopia. A total of 384 Labeobarbus fish were randomly selected from local fishermen and their associations. Pathological lesions were examined using proper evisceration and post-mortem techniques. Various visceral organs including the gonads, liver, and spleen were collected from infected fish for histopathological examination. Gross pathological findings revealed abdominal distension, anal hemorrhage, and gonadal atrophy, displacement of internal organs, body emaciation, and visceral fibrosis accompanied by discoloration. Histopathological alterations were observed in multiple organs. In the ovaries, the main changes included fibrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, destruction, and atrophy of oocytes. Testicular tissues exhibited hyperemia, necrosis, fibrosis, and degeneration. The liver showed vacuolar degeneration, biliary duct hyperplasia, infiltration of inflammatory cells, fibrosis, and necrosis. In the spleen, exudation, hemorrhage, congestion, and fibrosis were the primary pathological findings. Out of the 384 Labeobarbus fish examined, 62 tested positive for L. intestinalis, indicating an overall prevalence of 16.2% in Lake Tana. Statistical analysis revealed that fish standard length (χ² = 76.919, P = 0.001), fish weight (χ² = 50.087, P = 0.001), sampling points (χ² = 16.947, P = 0.009), and fish species (χ² = 27.73, P = 0.034) were significantly associated with L. intestinalis infection. The pathological effects of L. intestinalis on vital organs, combined with its high prevalence, suggest a significant negative impact on fish production and reproductive performance in Lake Tana. Therefore, regular monitoring and surveillance, public awareness campaigns, ecological studies, and appropriate policy interventions should be implemented to protect livelihoods and mitigate the effects of this parasite.

PMID:40442723 | DOI:10.1186/s12917-025-04799-5