Tag: nevin manimala

BMC Res Notes. 2025 May 29;18(1):240. doi: 10.1186/s13104-025-07293-1.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Even though the growing prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is inclusive of ethnic and racial minority groups, these populations remain underrepresented in PD clinical research. This community-based study seeks to add to the limited knowledge on barriers and facilitators to underrepresented group (URG) enrollment in PD trials by assessing minority community members’ PD and research knowledge, trust in medical researchers, and likelihood to participate in research based on various study design factors.

RESULTS: Of the 97 total workshop participants, 80 completed demographic information, with the majority female (71%) and from minority racial groups — African American/Black (37.5%) and East/Southeast Asian (45%). Levels of trust in medical researchers were generally high and improved post-workshop. Most respondents were likely to participate in trials requiring DNA or cognitive testing, and unlikely if requiring intravenous infusion or lumbar puncture. Facilitators to trial participation included offering transportation and financial incentives, while longer study visits and study duration were barriers.

PMID:40442830 | DOI:10.1186/s13104-025-07293-1

Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2025 May 30;17(1):181. doi: 10.1186/s13098-025-01732-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The association between newly developed insulin resistance (IR) indices and all-cause mortality in elderly patients with diabetes has not been investigated.

METHODS: Baseline data and all-cause mortality for 1,248 elderly diabetes patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2001 and 2018 were collected. The traditional IR index homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and several newly developed indices, including metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), triglyceride glucose index (TyG), triglyceride glucose combined with body mass index (TyG-BMI), estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), and visceral adiposity index (VAI), were calculated for the patients. Cox proportional hazards regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression models assessed the relationship between IR indices and all-cause mortality.

RESULTS: In a median follow-up period of 73.3 months, there were 381 recorded deaths. In the total cohort, METS-IR (p < 0.001), TyG-BMI (p < 0.001), and eGDR (p = 0.011) demonstrated a significant association with all-cause mortality as continuous variables. HOMA-IR, METS-IR, TyG-BMI, and eGDR exhibited significant correlations with all-cause mortality in the Cox regression models (p < 0.05) when analyzed as categorical variables. A U-shaped relationship exists between METS-IR, TyG-BMI, eGDR, and all-cause mortality (p-overall < 0.0001, p-nonlinear < 0.05). No significant associations were found between TyG, TG/HDL-C, VAI, and all-cause mortality. Among male patients, TyG-BMI and HOMA-IR exhibited superior prognostic value, whereas in female patients, METS-IR, TyG-BMI, and eGDR showed better performance.

CONCLUSION: HOMA-IR, TyG-BMI, METS-IR, and eGDR were associated with mortality in elderly diabetic patients, with gender differences in their prognostic values.

PMID:40442829 | DOI:10.1186/s13098-025-01732-6

J Health Popul Nutr. 2025 May 29;44(1):174. doi: 10.1186/s41043-025-00898-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Folate level is associated with depression, yet prospective evidence is lacking on the relationship of dietary intake, serum, and red blood cell (RBC) folate levels with mortality risk in patients with depression.

METHODS: Dietary intake, serum, and RBC folate data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018 were included. Depression was diagnosed using the PHQ-9 with a cutoff value of 5. Additionally, all-cause and cause-specific mortality data up to December 31, 2019, were determined from the National Death Index. Weighted multivariable Cox regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were used to determine the relationship between folate and outcomes.

RESULTS: A total of 4843 adult patients with depression were included, with a mean age of 45.16 years, and females accounted for 61.59%. Over a mean follow-up of 7.2 years, 544 participants died. Weighted Cox regression showed that, after adjustment, only RBC folate among nine folate indicators significantly predicted all-cause mortality in patients with depression. A per standard deviation (SD) increase in RBC folate increased the all-cause mortality risk by 12% (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04-1.21, p = 0.003). RCS analysis revealed a U-shaped association of RBC folate with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality, with inflection points at 540.5 ng/ml, 575.2 ng/ml, and 624.1 ng/ml, respectively. Further segmented regression showed that an increase in RBC folate reduced only cancer mortality risk to the left of the inflection points. To the right of these points, RBC folate was significantly positively associated with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality risks.

HIGHLIGHTS: RBC folate exhibited a U-shaped association with all-cause, cardiovascular-specific, and cancer-specific mortality risks in patients with depression.

CONCLUSION: Dietary and serum folate were not associated with overall mortality rates in patients with depression. However, RBC folate exhibited a U-shaped association with all-cause, cardiovascular-specific, and cancer-specific mortality risks in patients with depression.

PMID:40442828 | DOI:10.1186/s41043-025-00898-z

J Health Popul Nutr. 2025 May 29;44(1):176. doi: 10.1186/s41043-025-00881-8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hypovitaminosis D or vitamin D deficiency is a significant public health issue. Several vitamin D preparations are currently available. However, there is no consensus on the optimal dose and duration of vitamin D supplementation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on symptoms and clinical outcomes in adults with insufficient or deficient baseline vitamin D levels.

METHOD: A pre-post two-month intervention with 50,000 IU vitamin D3 supplementation for adults with documented insufficient or deficient baseline vitamin D levels, presented at Jazan University Hospital from August to December 2022.

RESULTS: Of the 204 participants, 65.1% had baseline vitamin D levels < 30 nmol/L. Vitamin D insufficiency is more prevalent among females, older adults, married individuals, and those with low income. However, these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.5). The symptoms and clinical outcomes were significantly improved after 2 months of vitamin D3 supplementation for the participants who achieved vitamin D levels > 50 nmol/L (p = 0.000). After adjusting for multiple confounders, the significant determinants of symptom improvement and clinical outcomes post-supplementation included education level, income, smoking status, and baseline vitamin D level.

CONCLUSIONS: Hypovitaminosis D or vitamin D deficiency was observed in study participants. The use of a 50,000 IU cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) orally once per week for two months is sufficient to improve the symptoms and clinical outcomes of vitamin D deficiency. However, long-term follow-up could better assess the sustainability of benefits and explore long-term outcomes, such as the risk of deficiency recurrence.

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

PMID:40442818 | DOI:10.1186/s41043-025-00881-8

J Orthop Surg Res. 2025 May 30;20(1):546. doi: 10.1186/s13018-025-05934-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Calcaneal fractures usually arise from high-energy trauma and predominantly impact young individuals. In older adults (aged ≥ 50 years), declining bone density and muscle strength increase fracture risk from low-energy trauma, leading to a bimodal epidemiological distribution. The intricacies of calcaneal fractures in older adults, alongside osteoporosis and soft tissue fragility, complicate surgical intervention. This study aims to analyze age-related differences in calcaneal fracture characteristics using three-dimensional(3D) mapping and assess their impact on medial incision design.

METHOD: A total of 95 patients with closed calcaneal fractures were categorized into two groups: Younger (< 50 years, n = 61) and Older (≥ 50 years, n = 34). The process of 3D fracture mapping was executed utilizing Mimics and 3-matic software, alongside the reconstruction of soft tissue, which encompassed the posterior tibial neurovascular bundle. Differences in fracture distribution and incision parameters (length, α angle, D1, and D2) were statistically analyzed, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: Fracture lines in both groups were predominantly located around the lateral Gissane’s angle and critical weight-bearing areas of the calcaneus. In the Younger Group, fracture lines were long, continuous, and involved fewer fragments, correlating with high-energy trauma. The Older Group showed more comminuted lines, characteristic of osteoporotic fractures. The α angle and D1 distance were significantly smaller in the Older Group (p < 0.05), indicating closer proximity to the medial malleolus. D2 values were also smaller (p < 0.05), with 48.65% intersecting the neurovascular bundle compared to 31.34% in the Younger Group.

CONCLUSION: Age significantly influences medial wall fracture patterns and complexity in calcaneal injuries. A personalized medial incision based on fracture morphology provides better exposure and reduction compared to traditional methods. Although the incision is closer to the neurovascular bundle in older patients, meticulous surgical technique guarantees safety. The integration of a medial incision with sinus-tarsi (ST) approach minimizes the necessity for extensive lateral exposure, thereby diminishing soft tissue complications and improving surgical outcomes for the elderly population.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, retrospective case series.

PMID:40442805 | DOI:10.1186/s13018-025-05934-6

Malar J. 2025 May 29;24(1):172. doi: 10.1186/s12936-025-05418-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: As malaria-endemic countries progress towards elimination, distinct patterns of heterogeneous transmission are emerging. In south-eastern Tanzania, despite intensive control efforts, localized transmission shows prevalence ranging from under 1% to over 50% among nearby villages. This study investigated the socioeconomic and environmental factors driving this spatial heterogeneity.

METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Kilombero and Ulanga districts of south-eastern Tanzania between 2022 and 2023, screening 3,249 individuals (ages 5-60) across 10 villages for malaria using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Socioeconomic data was collected from all surveyed households and villages via questionnaires, while environmental data were obtained from remote sensing data sources. Associations between socioeconomic factors and malaria infection were analysed using a zero-inflated negative binomial model and employed a generalized additive model (GAM) to assess the impact of rainfall, and temperature on malaria infection.

RESULTS: Greater elevation and higher rainfall were positively associated with malaria infection (OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.38-2.05, p < 0.001 and OR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.14-1.87, p < 0.05 respectively), while temperature showed no significant effect (OR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.51-1.13, p = 0.117). Households in densely vegetated areas had higher malaria infections compared to those in more developed, built-up areas. At the individual level, males had a higher prevalence (355; 28.6%) and displayed significantly greater odds of infection (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.15-2.03, p < 0.05) than females (433; 21.6%). School-aged children (5-17 years) had a higher prevalence (36.9%) compared to adults (18-60 years) (15.9%). The probability of infection declined with increasing age (OR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.25-0.31, p < 0.001). Larger household sizes (more than four members) were positively associated with malaria infection (OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.29-2.29, p < 0.001). Open-eave housing was associated with higher odds of malaria, whereas closed eaves (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.38-0.82, p < 0.05) and metal roofs (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.44-0.87, p < 0.05) were protective factors. Open water sources were positively associated with malaria infection compared to protected water sources (OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.38-0.85, p < 0.05). Lack of bed net use was positively associated with malaria but this was not statistically significant (OR = 1.54, 95% CI 0.68-3.48, p = 0.299).

CONCLUSION: This study highlights the complex interplay between socioeconomic and environmental factors contributing to the fine-scale spatial heterogeneity of malaria in south-eastern Tanzania. Understanding these localized drivers is essential for designing targeted, effective strategies that support broader malaria elimination goals.

PMID:40442793 | DOI:10.1186/s12936-025-05418-2

BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2025 May 29;26(1):529. doi: 10.1186/s12891-025-08792-9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative and inflammatory joint disease caused by multiple factors, the underlying mechanisms of which are not fully understood. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) are both novel biomarkers and predictors of inflammation. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between SII, SIRI and OA in adult.

OBJECTIVE: The ultimate goal is to gain a deeper understanding of how SII, SIRI influences OA and the implications of this relationship.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed data from 7204 participants aged 20 and older from the NHANES surveys conducted in 1999-2020, all of whom provided comprehensive data for this study. Standardized surveys assessed the presence of osteoarthritis and SII, SIRI. To thoroughly understand their relationship, we employed statistical techniques including multivariable logistic regression, stratified analysis with interaction, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and threshold effect analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 7204 adult participants were enrolled, composing of 2830 (39.3%) male and 4374 (60.7%) female with a median age of 62.2 ± 13.9 years, 2955 (41.0%) were diagnosed with OA. Accordingly, A linear relationship between SII and OA was discovered after adjusting for underlying confounders, (p > 0.05) in RCS, and the association between the SIRI and OA exhibited a nonlinear relationship (p = 0. 042) in RCS. In the threshold analysis, the OR of developing OA was 1.648 (95% CI: 1.144 ~ 2.374, p < 0.05) in participants with SIRI of < 0.99 10³ cells/ml. There was no significantly association between the SIRI and OA when the SIRI was ≥ 0.99 10³ cells/ml. Further sensitivity analyses provided confidence that the results are robust and not likely to be substantially influenced by unmeasured confounding factors.

CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional study demonstrated that a linear relationship between SII and OA, and the association between the SIRI and OA was found to be nonlinear.

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

PMID:40442764 | DOI:10.1186/s12891-025-08792-9

J Health Popul Nutr. 2025 May 29;44(1):179. doi: 10.1186/s41043-025-00932-0.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Common chronic inflammatory condition known as allergic rhinitis(AR) has a major negative influence on people’s health and puts a heavy strain on the world’s healthcare systems. Despite the significant incidence of AR. This study aims to assess the potential link between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and the risk of developing AR.

METHODS: This study involved the analysis of data from 3,938 adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted in 2005-2006. The DII score was used to evaluate the inflammatory potential of the participants’ diets, and Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between DII (in tertiles) and having AR, adjusting for potential confounders. Subgroup analyses stratified by sex and Body Mass Index (BMI) were conducted to evaluate effect modification.

RESULTS: Our study demonstrated a positive correlation between the DII and the odds of AR prevalence. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared to individuals in the lowest tertile, those in the highest DII tertile had a 34% higher odds of AR prevalence.(OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.09-1.65). Furthermore, the subgroup analysis revealed a significant interaction (P < 0.05 for interaction) when stratified by sex and BMI.

CONCLUSION: These results show that a higher DII score corresponds to the odds of AR prevalence, emphasizing the possible reduction of AR risk that can be achieved by eating a diet strong in anti-inflammatory nutrients and low in pro-inflammatory foods. This study emphasizes the role that dietary choices play in managing the risk of developing AR.

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

PMID:40442763 | DOI:10.1186/s41043-025-00932-0

Mol Autism. 2025 May 29;16(1):32. doi: 10.1186/s13229-025-00665-1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a common developmental disorder, has surged in recent years. Accordingly, the identification and early management of possible risk factors can diminish ASD incidence.

AIM: To determine the prevalence and severity of idiopathic ASD in Egyptian children aged 12 months to 12 years, and to identify the epidemiological, sociodemographic, and environmental risk factors contributing to this disorder.

METHODS: This study comprised 41,640 children from the main eight geographic areas in Egypt. It was conducted through four phases: household screening, facility-based screening for high-risk children, diagnosis confirmation, and risk factor assessment.

RESULTS: The prevalence of ASD as confirmed by the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was 1.1% (455 out of 41,640), with significant geographic variability. Urban areas had a significantly higher prevalence than rural areas. Children aged 3-6 years showed the highest prevalence at 1.5%. Boys were four times more affected than girls, with prevalence rates of 1.7% and 0.4%, respectively. Significant risk factors included: a history of convulsions (AOR = 4.7; 95% CI: 3.3-6.79), low birth weight (AOR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.54-2.79), prolonged stays in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) longer than two days (AOR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.46-2.49) and maternal health problems during pregnancy (AOR = 1.66; 95% CI:1.36-1.95). Regarding severity, 45% of diagnosed children had moderate ASD, 39% had severe ASD, and 16% had mild ASD. Female gender and older age were significant predictors of greater ASD severity.

CONCLUSION: ASD prevalence in Egypt is comparable to other Middle Eastern countries. Policymakers should utilize these findings to design targeted public health interventions aimed at early detection, management, and prevention of ASD progression.

PMID:40442748 | DOI:10.1186/s13229-025-00665-1

World J Emerg Surg. 2025 May 29;20(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s13017-025-00608-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The decline in trauma cases and the increase in non-surgical treatments have reduced opportunities for trauma surgery training. This study examined the effectiveness of Cadaver-Based Educational Seminar for Trauma Surgery (C-BEST) as a lifelong educational tool for novice and experienced clinicians.

METHODS: From 2017 to 2023, 117 clinicians with varying levels of experience participated in the C-BEST program at Hokkaido University. Participants included novice clinicians (median years post-graduation: 5) and experienced clinicians (median years post-graduation: 19). Each participant assessed their confidence in 21 trauma techniques before, immediately after, and 6 months post-course using a self-assessment of confidence levels (SACL) scale.

RESULTS: The analysis showed significant improvement in SACL scores immediately after the course, with confidence levels remaining sustained 6 months later. Novice clinicians demonstrated substantial skill acquisition, whereas experienced clinicians reported the reinforcement and refinement of existing skills.

CONCLUSIONS: C-BEST seems valuable as a training tool for the acquisition and retention of trauma surgery skills, addressing practical needs in trauma care. C-BEST provides an effective and sustained approach to trauma surgery skill development and retention across career stages. Further research on its long-term impact and applicability in diverse clinical settings is recommended.

PMID:40442744 | DOI:10.1186/s13017-025-00608-4