Tag: nevin manimala

Clin Oral Investig. 2025 Oct 11;29(11):497. doi: 10.1007/s00784-025-06580-2.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of different surface roughness levels of titanium disks, induced by alumina blasting, on bacterial adhesion.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve different surface roughnesses, ranging from 0.01 μm to 6 μm, were produced using a shot blasting technique with varying alumina particle sizes. Surface roughness was measured using confocal interferometry, wettability was assessed by contact angle measurements, and compressive residual stress was evaluated by X-ray diffraction. For each roughness level, 720 samples were used to culture Porphyromonas gingivalis (Gram-negative, anaerobic) and Streptococcus sanguinis (Gram-positive, anaerobic). The colonies formed per unit area, the ratio of dead bacteria to total bacteria, and the metabolic activity for each roughness ere determined.

RESULTS: The polished surface (Sa = 0.01 μm) showed the highest bacterial adhesion for both strains compared to the 0.13 μm roughness, which exhibited a antibacterial activity, likely due to nanostructured peaks causing bacterial membrane disruption. For surface roughness values between 0.5 and 3 μm, Gram-positive bacterial colonies increased approximately threefold. When the roughness exceeded 3.8 μm, colony formation rose fivefold. In contrast, Gram-negative bacteria did not exhibit statistically significant changes in adhesion between 0.5 and 2 μm. However, beginning at 2.6 μm, a marked increase was observed, with colony numbers reaching nearly four times the control at 6 μm. The ratio of dead bacteria and metabolic activity confirms bacterial colonization studies (CFU/mm²).

CONCLUSIONS: Surface roughness significantly influenced bacterial colonization on titanium implants. An antibacterial effect was observed at a roughness of 0.13 μm. Bacterial adhesion increased moderately up to 2.1 μm for Gram-negative and 3 μm for Gram-positive strains, followed by a sharp rise at higher roughness values. An optimal surface roughness range of 1 to 2 μm appears to promote favorable osteoblastic response while minimizing bacterial adhesion.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results enhance our understanding of how implant surface roughness influences bacterial adhesion. This knowledge could contribute to the development of clinical approaches designed to lower the risk of peri-implantitis.

PMID:41075034 | DOI:10.1007/s00784-025-06580-2

Sleep Breath. 2025 Oct 11;29(6):313. doi: 10.1007/s11325-025-03478-x.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a respiratory disorder characterized by recurrent pauses in breathing during sleep and is responsible for serious cardiovascular and metabolic complications. Although its prevalence has been rising in parallel with the increasing obesity rates among young people, OSAS remains markedly underdiagnosed. In Vietnam, OSAS was only formally recognized and diagnosed within the past ten years, and it was introduced into the undergraduate curriculum at Hanoi Medical University just two years ago; consequently, both clinical awareness and attitudes toward this condition are still limited.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to determine the proportion of students at Hanoi Medical University (HMU) who are at risk of OSAS and to analyze the clinical characteristics of those identified as high-risk.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 135 HMU students between June 15 and September 15, 2024. We assessed OSAS risk using three versions of the STOP-BANG questionnaire (original, Asian, and Vietnamese-adapted “VietSBQ”), with body mass index (BMI) thresholds modified for the local population.

RESULTS: According to the original STOP-BANG scale, 8.1% of students were classified as having an intermediate-to-high risk of OSAS, whereas the VietSBQ identified 17.0% as high-risk. The prevalence of obesity differed significantly between high-risk groups: 9.1% by the original scale versus 65.2% by VietSBQ (p < 0.005). Among students at high risk, the predominant factors were male sex (95.7%), excessive daytime sleepiness (73.9%), and BMI > 25 kg/m² (65.2%).

CONCLUSION: The Vietnamese-adapted STOP-BANG questionnaire enhances the detection of OSAS risk in Vietnamese young adults. Given the recent introduction of OSAS into both clinical practice and medical education in Vietnam, particular attention should be paid to male students, those reporting daytime somnolence alongside snoring or witnessed apneas, and individuals with elevated BMI to facilitate early identification and intervention.

PMID:41075033 | DOI:10.1007/s11325-025-03478-x

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2025 Oct 11;109(1):221. doi: 10.1007/s00253-025-13555-6.

ABSTRACT

Nasal cavity and nasopharynx are habitats for both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is the main cause in children, with a high incidence, for the airflow reduction in the upper airways. However, limited research described the differences of nasal microbial compositions in AH patients and healthy children. To determine the association between nasal microbiota and AH, total DNAs were collected and extracted from the nasal cavity and the hypertrophic adenoid of the donors, and the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region was sequenced. Microbial diversity was compared between the healthy and AH groups, and the enriched functional pathways were predicted. Although the alpha-diversity of microbial communities did not show statistically significant differences between the groups, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed that the microbiota component in the nasal cavity as well as in the hypertrophic adenoid tissues of children with AH was significantly different from that of healthy children. Genera Alloiococcus, Moraxella, Streptococcus, and Bacteroides were specifically enriched in the AH group’s samples, among which Moraxella spp. was significantly enriched in both nasal cavity and adenoid tissues, indicating a potential association of it with AH. In addition, Tax4fun prediction revealed disordered microbial functions in AH children. Nutrient metabolism, signaling system, chemotactic reaction, genetic replication, and reproduction-related pathways significantly decreased in the AH group but increased after adenoidectomy treatment. This study revealed a high association between specific microorganisms and AH disease. Future work is needed to investigate the role of Moraxella spp. in AH development. KEY POINTS: • Microbiota in the nasal cavity has high specificity in distinguishing patients with adenoidal hypertrophy from healthy individuals, indicating that the homeostasis of microbiota in the nasal cavity is highly associated with the healthy status of adenoid. • Several bacterial taxa, including Alloiococcus, Moraxella, Streptococcus, and Bacteroides, are bio-markers for adenoidal hypertrophy, which enriches specifically in both nasal cavities and hypertrophied adenoid tissues of patients. • In the nasal cavity of patients with adenoidal hypertrophy, microbial functions related to pathogenicity were enriched, indicating an association between adenoidal hypertrophy and disorder of microbiota in the nasal cavity.

PMID:41075002 | DOI:10.1007/s00253-025-13555-6

Heart Vessels. 2025 Oct 11. doi: 10.1007/s00380-025-02613-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) are increasingly being used to treat superficial femoral artery (SFA) lesions during endovascular therapy (EVT). However, the evaluation of paclitaxel distribution following DCB treatment remains challenging. This study aimed to develop a novel criterion to systematically semi-quantitatively grade the degree of paclitaxel distribution using nonobstructive general angioscopy and analyze the clinical factors affecting this criterion.

METHOD AND RESULTS: This study included 18 patients (20 limbs) who underwent EVT for SFA lesions using DCBs. Angioscopic observation of the vessel surface was performed before and after DCB treatment. The amount of paclitaxel distribution was systematically graded using the novel surface observation by nonobstructive general angioscopy of wall drug-distribution (SNOW) grade. Clinical factors were statistically analyzed to determine their relationship with the SNOW grade. Paclitaxel particles were observed on vessel walls after DCB treatment in all patients. A significant relationship was found between the DCB diameter and reference vessel and lumen diameter, measured by intravascular ultrasound; specifically, a same DCB-to-vessel ratio was associated with greater drug distribution.

CONCLUSIONS: The SNOW grading system was successfully developed for systematic evaluation of paclitaxel distribution. Our findings suggest that appropriate DCB sizing is essential for adequate drug application, highlighting that an undersized DCB may provide insufficient coverage. Therefore, a careful DCB selection that balances optimal drug delivery with the imperative to avoid vessel injury is crucial.

PMID:41074993 | DOI:10.1007/s00380-025-02613-8

Ann Hematol. 2025 Oct 11. doi: 10.1007/s00277-025-06645-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy characterized by the clonal proliferation of plasma cells. It accounts for approximately 1% of all cancers and is the second most common hematologic malignancy after lymphoma. Infections represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM), contributing to approximately 45% of early deaths, particularly in elderly individuals and during the initial months of therapy. Current treatment options for MM, including anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (CD38 mAbs), proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs (such as lenalidomide and thalidomide), and glucocorticoids, have significantly improved clinical outcomes in NDMM patients. However, these therapies are associated with an increased risk of infections. Daratumumab (Dara), an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, is a key component of modern MM treatment and is approved for both NDMM and relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM). While Dara has improved patient outcomes, it has also altered the frequency and epidemiology of infections in this population. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 472 NDMM patients treated with Dara-containing regimens at 10 centers of the European Myeloma Network Italy (EMN-I) between 2020 and 2023 to assess the incidence of infectious events (IEs). Among these patients, 148 (31.3%) experienced infectious complications during therapy. No significant differences in infection rates were observed across the three treatment subgroups analyzed. In our experience, the addition of Dara during the induction phase did not increase the frequency, severity, or duration of infections in any of the three cohorts. Although the difference was not statistically significant, we observed an earlier onset of infections in the D-VTD group compared to the others. Further studies are needed to better define the incidence of infections in this patient population and to identify risk factors for infection. This may also inform the role of prophylactic strategies in the clinical management of NDMM.

PMID:41074984 | DOI:10.1007/s00277-025-06645-y

Neurosurg Rev. 2025 Oct 11;48(1):692. doi: 10.1007/s10143-025-03830-5.

ABSTRACT

The Pipeline is currently the most widely used flow-diverting device worldwide, yet research on its long-term efficacy remains limited, primarily based on small to medium-sized sample cohorts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of the Pipeline device in treating intracranial aneurysms. Additionally, the study aimed to analyze the risk factors associated with long-term incomplete occlusion of the aneurysm and stenosis of the parent artery. This multicenter retrospective study included patients with intracranial aneurysms treated with the Pipeline flow-diverting device between 2015 and 2020. The analysis encompassed clinical and imaging outcomes, including clinical presentation, comorbidities, aneurysm characteristics, procedural details, and postoperative follow-up data. This study included 190 patients(122 females)with a mean age of 54.6 ± 11.7 years and 204 aneurysms. At one year postoperatively, the complete aneurysm occlusion rate was 69.9%, parent artery stenosis was 3.7%, and complications occurred in 3.3% of cases. During long-term follow-up, the occlusion rate increased to 93.1%, stenosis rose to 6.4%, and complications decreased to 2.1%. Three perforator occlusions were reported: two during the short-term follow-up and one during the long-term follow-up, resulting in severe impairment (mRS 4). The Pipeline flow-diverting device demonstrated favorable long-term safety and efficacy in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, with no significant differences in safety or effectiveness between vertebral artery aneurysms and anterior circulation aneurysms. Statistical analysis identified advanced age and male gender as risk factors for long-term incomplete occlusion. Furthermore, the results suggest that postoperative antiplatelet therapy and imaging follow-up were continued for only one year, which is considered safe and effective.

PMID:41074981 | DOI:10.1007/s10143-025-03830-5

J Gastroenterol. 2025 Oct 11. doi: 10.1007/s00535-025-02306-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroclearance is crucial in the natural history of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Little is known about the role of hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) levels in predicting spontaneous HBeAg seroclearance.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 484 treatment-naïve HBeAg-positive CHB patients with an extended follow-up period at National Taiwan University Hospital. The primary endpoint was spontaneous seroclearance of HBeAg. The association between baseline HBcrAg levels and their kinetic patterns with spontaneous HBeAg seroclearance was assessed.

RESULTS: Of 484 patients with a mean follow-up period of 7.80 years, 331 (68.4%) achieved spontaneous HBeAg seroclearance, corresponding to an annual rate of 8.76%. Lower baseline HBcrAg levels correlated with an increased likelihood of HBeAg seroclearance (log-rank P < .001). When HBcrAg kinetics were assessed based on baseline and year 3 levels, patients with HBcrAg levels persistently < 10⁵ KU/mL (HR: 2.66; 95% CI: 1.75-4.04) and those declining to < 10⁵ KU/mL (HR: 2.31; 95% CI: 1.50-3.55) had an increased likelihood of HBeAg seroclearance when compared to those with persistently high HBcrAg levels. This association remained statistically significant in multivariate analysis after adjusting for baseline viral factors. In addition, HBcrAg kinetics were consistently associated with HBeAg seroclearance in immune-tolerant patients.

CONCLUSIONS: HBcrAg < 10⁵ KU/mL, or a decline to this threshold, identified HBeAg-positive CHB patients with higher likelihood of spontaneous HBeAg seroclearance. Persistently high HBcrAg may indicate earlier CHB phases and inform management strategies.

PMID:41074980 | DOI:10.1007/s00535-025-02306-z

Clin Oral Investig. 2025 Oct 11;29(11):502. doi: 10.1007/s00784-025-06566-0.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study aimed to clarify the relationship between diurnal awake bruxism (AB) awareness, tooth-contacting habit (TCH) awareness, and the electromyographic (EMG) waveform integral value.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Unilateral masseteric EMG recordings during the daytime were performed on the habitual masticatory side using an ultraminiature wearable EMG device. One hundred and seven participants (50 and 57 with and without diurnal tooth clenching (d-TC) awareness, respectively) were included. d-TC awareness and TCH awareness were assessed using questionnaires. The standardized burst integral (S-integral) value was calculated for each participant.

RESULTS: There was a statistically significant association between d-TC awareness and TCH awareness. The S-integral values were not significantly associated with the awareness d-TC or TCH. The frequency distribution of EMG waveforms of the awareness and non-awareness groups exhibited wide-range overlaps both for d-TC and TCH.

CONCLUSION: d-TC or TCH awareness showed no clear correlation with the S-integral value, suggesting that it is important to evaluate AB and TCH based on objective and quantitative test results, such as the masseter muscle’s EMG data.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Diagnosis, treatment, and management of AB and TCH are important issues in dental medicine. The obtained results regarding the actual state of awareness of AB and TCH, and the EMG integral value that was one of the important EMG indices, were considered useful information for establishing diagnostic and assessment methods for AB and TCH in future clinical dentistry.

PMID:41074973 | DOI:10.1007/s00784-025-06566-0

Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2025 Oct;19(10):e70174. doi: 10.1111/irv.70174.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is increasingly recognized as an important cause of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in older adults. However, primary care data on RSV infections are scarce.

METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study over two winter seasons (2022-2023 and 2023-2024) in Italy and the Netherlands (NCT06318936). Older adults (≥ 60 years) presenting to primary care with ARI were tested for RSV and influenza. Clinical and socioeconomic burden was assessed through questionnaires on Days 1, 14, and 30. In secondary analyses, we compared between RSV- and influenza-positive patients and estimated RSV-ARI incidence in Dutch primary care.

RESULTS: Of 703 older adults tested, 93 (13.2%) were RSV-positive and 100 (14.2%) influenza-positive. In RSV patients (mean age: 76 years [SD: 8], 63% ≥ 1 comorbidity), mean illness duration was 17 days (SD: 10). Repeat primary care visits occurred in 38% (33/87), emergency department referral in 5% (4/88), and hospitalization in 2% (2/88) of RSV patients. The mean costs per RSV episode were €78.1 (95%CI: 74.4-81.8) and €279.7 (95%CI: 245.5-318.2) from a healthcare system and societal perspective, respectively. The annual RSV-ARI incidence rate was 10.3 episodes per 1000 person-years. RSV patients were significantly older, and had less often fever, muscle pain, and fatigue than influenza patients, but clinical and socioeconomic burdens were comparable.

CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study is the first sufficiently large to demonstrate that the primary care burden of RSV infections among older adults is substantial and comparable with influenza. These findings are highly relevant for informing public health decisions on novel RSV vaccines.

PMID:41074665 | DOI:10.1111/irv.70174

Biochem Mol Biol Educ. 2025 Oct 11. doi: 10.1002/bmb.70018. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

One type of active learning technique that instructors can incorporate is the use of various drawing activities. This study investigates the impact of drawing during biology lecture classes on student learning. Undergraduate students in two lecture sections of an introductory cellular and molecular biology course completed worksheets that either required them to draw (learner-generated) or required them to interpret a drawing (instructor-generated). The four topics that were assessed were amino acid polymerization, nucleotide polymerization, cellular respiration, and photosynthesis. Student learning was assessed using multiple-choice and short-answer exam questions. Students who completed the learner-generated worksheet related to amino acid polymerization performed significantly better than students who completed the instructor-generated worksheet. Differences in student learning were not statistically significant for the other three topics; however, trends indicated that for some topics, the learner-generated worksheet increased student understanding while for other topics the students who completed the instructor-generated worksheet performed better. These findings indicate that it is important to carefully align the type of drawing activity with the complexity of the topic. When the drawings were too complex, students did not gain as much from creating their own images. Instructors are encouraged to thoughtfully integrate various types of drawing activities into their courses to increase student learning.

PMID:41074661 | DOI:10.1002/bmb.70018