Tag: nevin manimala

J Am Geriatr Soc. 2026 Jan 26. doi: 10.1111/jgs.70317. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Reports of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) from informants, often patients’ caregivers and families, and from clinicians are both important for accurate detection of symptoms. However, informant/caregiver report and clinician assessments of NPS often differ.

METHODS: We examined agreement between informant/caregiver and clinician report of NPS in the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set. Participants were age ≥ 50 at baseline with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia (N = 27,225). At each visit, informants reported NPS using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory questionnaire (NPI-Q). Study clinicians provided clinical assessment per study protocol. Agreement between informant report and clinician judgment was assessed using Cohen’s kappa statistic. Associations between agreement in reporting for each NPS and participant/informant characteristics were examined using random-effects logistic regressions.

RESULTS: At baseline, participants were on average 72.9 ± 9.4 years old, 49% male, 76% non-Hispanic White, with 14.8 ± 3.6 years of schooling. Average follow-up was 4.0 ± 2.5 years. Informants were 63.7 ± 13.2 years old, 31% male, with 15.4 ± 2.8 years of schooling. 60% of informants were spouse/partner of the participant. Informants were more likely than clinicians to report the presence of all symptoms except for hallucinations. Agreement between informant and clinician reports of all symptoms was lower in patients with more severe dementia. Over time, agreement between informant and clinician reports of apathy increased. Agreement between informant and clinician reporting of NPS differed by participant’s sex and race/ethnicity. Informants who had lower frequency of contact and more distant relationships with the participant were more likely to agree with clinicians’ reporting.

CONCLUSIONS: Understanding differences between informant and clinician reports of NPS in dementia is essential in obtaining a more complete, accurate picture of behavioral challenges patients face. Considering patient and informant characteristics and dynamics between them would help clinicians better understand potential biases that may affect the accuracy of reported NPS and better manage and treat the symptoms.

PMID:41582731 | DOI:10.1111/jgs.70317

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2026 Jan 26. doi: 10.1002/ohn.70115. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Characterize the somatic mutations in Oncocytic Carcinoma of the Thyroid (OCA) using a large, multi-institutional database to identify potential therapeutic targets and gain insights into tumor biology.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.

SETTING: Retrospective nationwide database review.

METHODS: Genomic data from 130 OCA samples, representing 124 adult patients, were retrieved from the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Project Genomics, Evidence, and Neoplasia Information Exchange (GENIE) database (v17.0-public). Analysis focused on nonsynonymous somatic mutations identified via whole-genome, whole-exome, or targeted panel sequencing after standardized filtering. Mutation frequencies, enrichment based on gender and metastatic status (primary vs. metastatic), and patterns of co-occurrence or mutual exclusivity were statistically evaluated.

RESULTS: The most frequently mutated genes were TERT (33.1%, predominantly promoter mutations), TP53 (20.0%), DAXX (16.2%), KMT2D (13.1%), NF1 (12.3%), and PTEN (10.0%). Significant gender-specific enrichment was identified, notably MST1R mutations exclusive to females (10.7%) and PRKDC mutations exclusive to males (16.7%). Mutations in PC, PCLO, MEN1, and TSC2 were significantly enriched in metastatic samples. DAXX and CDKN1A mutations exhibited significant co-occurrence, whereas TERT mutations were mutually exclusive with DAXX alterations.

CONCLUSION: The genomic landscape of OCA is marked by frequent TERT promoter mutations and distinct mutational patterns associated with patient gender and tumor metastatic status. These findings highlight potential molecular subtypes, reveal pathways potentially driving metastasis (eg, involving MEN1/TSC2), and identify novel sex-specific alterations (MST1R, PRKDC), offering avenues for improved development of targeted therapeutic strategies for OCA.

PMID:41582704 | DOI:10.1002/ohn.70115

Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2026 Jan;172 Suppl 1:9-19. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.70761.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD), characterized by persistent problems with desire, arousal, orgasm, or pain, can occur in women with any type of female genital mutilation (FGM) as a result of anatomical changes, pain, or psychological trauma.

OBJECTIVES: To systematically review the evidence on the effects of non-surgical interventions, including sexual counseling, mechanical devices, and lubricants, on the sexual function in women living with FGM.

SEARCH STRATEGY: A comprehensive search was conducted in CINAHL Plus, IRIS, MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), SCOPUS, and Web of Science from inception to November 2025. Reference lists were hand-searched and study authors contacted for additional data.

SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies were eligible if they involved women with any type of FGM who received non-surgical interventions for FSD.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: One controlled trial met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers, and the certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.

MAIN RESULTS: In women with Type I FGM, use of the FDA-approved Eros-Clitoral Therapy Device (CTD) combined with psychotherapy led to statistically significant improvements across all domains of the Female Sexual Function Index compared with psychotherapy alone. In the control group, only orgasm scores improved.

CONCLUSIONS: Evidence on non-surgical interventions for FSD in women with FGM is extremely limited and based solely on a small single trial in women with Type I FGM. Although Eros-CTD shows promise, findings cannot be generalized to other FGM types, and data on safety and contraindications are lacking. Further research is needed across diverse populations and FGM types to inform practice and policy.

PMID:41582691 | DOI:10.1002/ijgo.70761

Diabetes Obes Metab. 2026 Jan 26. doi: 10.1111/dom.70485. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: The precise mechanism of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor on reno-protective effect has been still unclear. In this study, we hypothesised that SGLT2 inhibitor prevents diabetic kidney disease via reduction of hypoxia-induced factors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this multicenter, prospective, randomised, double blinded clinical trial, people with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria were randomised equally to empagliflozin (10 mg/day) (n = 40) and placebo (n = 39) and followed 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in urinary albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) and urinary liver type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) excretion from baseline to 24 weeks. Major secondary outcome was change in serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-like proteins 2 (ANGPTL2), angiopoietin-like proteins 4 (ANGPTL4), and adrenomedullin (AM) levels.

RESULTS: Although the reduction of ACR was significantly greater in the empagliflozin group than the placebo group at 4 and 12 weeks, the difference of change at 24 weeks between the two groups was not statistically significant (Empagliflozin group-Placebo group: -0.3643, 95% CI: -0.7571 to 0.0285, p = 0.0686). There was no difference in urinary L-FABP excretion between the empagliflozin and placebo groups. Serum VEGF and ANGPTL2 decreased significantly more in the empagliflozin group, whereas there were no significant differences in AM and ANGPTL4.

CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated that empagliflozin partially suppressed the hypoxia-induced angiogenic factors overproduction in addition to a declining trend in ACR in the early stage of diabetic kidney disease, which might contribute to the mechanisms of reno-protective effects of this agent (jRCTs051200147).

PMID:41582689 | DOI:10.1111/dom.70485

Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2026 Jan;172 Suppl 1:31-47. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.70759.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Type III female genital mutilation (FGM) is corrected by the scar tissue removal of the vaginal opening, known as deinfibulation.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the current evidence on whether deinfibulation leads to improved obstetric, neonatal, gynecologic, and sexual health outcomes.

SEARCH STRATEGY: The following databases were searched from inception to May 18, 2023: CINAHL Plus (EBSCOhost), MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), SCOPUS, and Web of Science.

SELECTION CRITERIA: Two review authors independently screened the titles and abstracts, extracted data, and performed the risk of bias assessment.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Meta-analysis was conducted with RevMan, and the quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.

MAIN RESULTS: Eight studies with serious risk of bias involving 3166 women were included. Very low-certainty evidence indicates that deinfibulation for women with type III FGM reduced the odds of an emergency cesarean birth (odds ratio [OR] 0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06-0.42) and genital tract lacerations (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.29-0.79) when compared to women with type III FGM without deinfibulation. Reduced odds of an emergency cesarean birth apply when compared to women without FGM (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37-0.93). Antepartum deinfibulation, compared to intrapartum deinfibulation, may lead to a reduction in the duration of labor, with little or no difference in the risk of prolonged labor (low-certainty evidence). Antepartum deinfibulation may increase the likelihood of postpartum hemorrhage and cesarean births in pregnant women with type III FGM (low-certainty evidence). We found no studies for inclusion on gynecologic, urologic, and sexual health outcomes for this update.

CONCLUSIONS: The evidence of deinfibulation for women with type III FGM is available only for obstetrics outcomes. Larger observational studies in settings where type III FGM is predominantly practiced are required to improve the certainty of the evidence in these findings.

PMID:41582683 | DOI:10.1002/ijgo.70759

J Am Chem Soc. 2026 Jan 26. doi: 10.1021/jacs.5c15697. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The variety of publications reporting high-entropy alloy (HEA) catalysts with exceptional activities creates a survivor bias, implying that the mixing entropy directly increases the activity. However, many screening studies show a different picture. In a multielement composition-activity space, often a low to medium entropic 2- or 3-element composition emerges as the most active catalyst. In this work, we investigate the relationship between the complexity of an alloy, which can be expressed in mixing entropy, and its maximum possible activity using theory and statistical modeling. Based on our analysis, we propose a hypothesis for the surface complexity-activity relationship of HEA catalysts. Namely, the intrinsic activity of an alloyed surface is defined by two opposing forces: positive ligand interactions that enhance the activity and the statistical dilution of active sites. As a result, the relationship between the surface complexity-activity shows qualitatively a volcano-like behavior. At first, adding elements increases the activity due to favorable ligand interactions. Yet, at some point, the catalytic benefit from increasing the complexity of the surface gets outweighed by the dilution of the catalytic sites. Correspondingly, this hypothesis states that there is an optimal ratio between the surface complexity and catalytic activity.

PMID:41582674 | DOI:10.1021/jacs.5c15697

Chem Commun (Camb). 2026 Jan 26. doi: 10.1039/d5cc04161a. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

We introduce a scalable method to quantify electronic correlations in insulin using mutual information (MI), characterizing interatomic and inter-residue interactions. A cut-wise strategy, based on the locality and decay of electronic correlations, combines localized density functional theory (DFT) calculations on 51 overlapping spherical cuts to reconstruct global MI matrices. The approach accurately reproduces key biochemical features and aligns with full-protein DFT results, enabling efficient quantum correlation analysis for large biomolecules. This framework supports future applications in protein-ligand modeling, pharmacophore design, and quantum-enhanced drug discovery.

PMID:41582663 | DOI:10.1039/d5cc04161a

Diabetes Obes Metab. 2026 Jan 26. doi: 10.1111/dom.70501. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: Drug-gene interactions (DGIs) modify drug response and safety, yet their influence on diabetic microvascular complications remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the role of DGIs in these complications.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using UK Biobank (UKB) data, we identified medications frequently prescribed to individuals with diabetes and defined DGIs based on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines. Associations between DGIs and diabetic microvascular complications were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models, which are suited for longitudinal time-to-event data. Two complementary analyses were performed: (1) a therapeutic class-level analysis among medication users, and (2) a genotype-level analysis among individuals with non-normal metabolizer phenotypes who used the corresponding medications.

RESULTS: We identified 368 medications preferentially used among participants with diabetes, primarily cardiovascular agents and detected 55 clinically relevant DGIs implicating 30 medications and 7 genes. Among users of antithrombotic agents, the presence of DGIs was associated with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.86) and diabetic neuropathy (DN) (HR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.39-3.28). Likewise, among individuals with non-normal metabolizer status for CYP2C19 or CYP2D6, DGIs conferred elevated risks for DKD and DN (HR range: 1.26-2.11). However, no significant association was found between DGI and DR.

CONCLUSION: This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of DGIs and diabetic microvascular complications. DGIs involving antithrombotic agents and non-normal CYP2C19 or CYP2D6 metabolizers were significantly linked to higher risks of DKD and DN. These findings underscore the potential of pharmacogenomic-guided prescribing to enhance drug safety.

PMID:41582657 | DOI:10.1111/dom.70501

J Cosmet Dermatol. 2026 Feb;25(2):e70609. doi: 10.1111/jocd.70609.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Phenol-croton peels are the gold standard for treating sun-damaged skin and static wrinkles; their long-term outcomes and patient satisfaction rates have yet to be thoroughly investigated.

AIMS: To evaluate patient satisfaction and both short- and long-term cutaneous side effects in individuals undergoing phenol-croton peels.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 102 female patients who underwent phenol-croton peels and were followed up until 3 months after the procedure to assess short-term side effects and to identify any long-term side effects that persisted beyond this period. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess patient satisfaction and long-term cutaneous side effects.

RESULTS: Ninety-two percent of patients rated their satisfaction as 4 or 5. Persistent cutaneous side effects were observed in 12% of cases (hypopigmentation: 6, hyperpigmentation: 5, dryness: 1). Despite mild hypopigmentation, five patients expressed willingness to undergo the procedure again. In the univariate analyses, full-face treatment, increasing age, and the absence of cutaneous side effects were significantly associated with higher satisfaction scores (p < 0.05). In the multivariate model, age and the absence of cutaneous side effects remained independently and significantly associated with the outcome. Full-face treatment, although not statistically significant in the final model, showed a trend toward association and contributed to the overall adjustment. Notably, cutaneous side effects decreased at follow-up performed at least 15 months after the procedure compared to follow-up conducted within 3 months post-procedure (p = 0.039).

CONCLUSIONS: Phenol-croton peels demonstrated high satisfaction rates despite occasional prolonged cutaneous side effects. However, these side effects significantly decreased at ≥ 15 months post-procedure compared to ≤ 3 months post-procedure. Careful patient selection and expertise in performing this procedure remain crucial for optimizing outcomes.

PMID:41582656 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.70609

Lakartidningen. 2026 Jan 26;123:25102-.

ABSTRACT

Survival for children on the waiting list has improved significantly over time in Sweden and the Nordic countries, despite an increase in waiting list duration over time. Approximately 40% of hearts used for pediatric heart transplantation in Sweden come from donors in other Nordic countries. Outcomes following pediatric heart transplantation in Sweden and the Nordic countries are comparable to much larger regions and registries, despite a low number of yearly transplants in the region.

PMID:41582653