Tag: nevin manimala

Neurotoxicology. 2026 Aug 22:103551. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2026.103551. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:42632804 | DOI:10.1016/j.neuro.2026.103551

Int Psychogeriatr. 2026 Aug 22:100257. doi: 10.1016/j.inpsyc.2026.100257. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Loneliness is a well-established longitudinal predictor of depression in later life, yet the mechanisms through which this association unfolds remain unclear. This study examined the direct and indirect effects of loneliness on subsequent depressive symptoms in late life, with particular emphasis on persistent loneliness over time.

METHODS: Community-dwelling, older Israeli adults (N = 1216; M age = 81.1 years) completed annual assessments of loneliness and depressive symptoms over three years. Structural equation modelling was used to estimate autoregressive pathways, prospective effects of loneliness on subsequent depressive symptoms, and indirect effects operating through the persistent loneliness. Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, marital status, financial status, self-rated health, living arrangement, religiosity, and Holocaust survivor status.

RESULTS: Loneliness and depressive symptoms both demonstrated substantial temporal stability over time. After adjusting for prior depressive symptoms and sociodemographic covariates, loneliness remained a significant prospective predictor of subsequent depressive symptoms. Decomposition of longitudinal effects, however, indicated that indirect pathways, transmitted through persistent loneliness, accounted for a greater proportion of the total longitudinal association than direct prospective effects. In fact, direct prospective effects were not statistically significant after accounting for indirect pathways. Baseline loneliness and depressive symptoms did not predict study attrition, supporting the robustness of the longitudinal findings.

CONCLUSIONS: The association between loneliness and subsequent depressive symptoms in later life appears to operate primarily through persistent loneliness rather than through direct prospective effects. These findings suggest that chronic loneliness functions as a longitudinal pathway sustaining depressive symptoms over time. Interventions that mitigate loneliness in late life may also reduce depression among older adults.

PMID:42632797 | DOI:10.1016/j.inpsyc.2026.100257

J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2026 Aug 22:S1934-5925(26)00474-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jcct.2026.08.007. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Sublingual nitroglycerin is routinely administered before coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) to improve coronary artery visualization. However, most supporting evidence originates from older-generation CT systems and focuses on image quality rather than diagnostic accuracy. The impact of nitroglycerin on the diagnostic performance of photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) CCTA remains unknown.

METHODS: In this retrospective single-center study, consecutive patients who underwent photon-counting CCTA between January 2023 and November 2025 and invasive coronary angiography (ICA) within 30 days were identified. The final cohort consisted of 124 patients, including 61 who received sublingual nitroglycerin and 63 who did not. Diagnostic performance for detecting obstructive coronary artery disease was assessed on both a per-patient and per-vessel basis using ICA as the reference standard. Objective image quality was evaluated using coronary attenuation, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR).

RESULTS: On per-patient analysis, sensitivity was similar between the nitroglycerin and non-nitroglycerin cohorts (90.3% vs. 90.9%, p = 0.940), as was NPV (86.4% vs. 88.9%, p = 0.780). Non-nitroglycerin cohort demonstrated numerically higher specificity (80.0% vs. 63.3%, p = 0.160), PPV (83.3% vs. 71.8%, p = 0.250), and overall accuracy (85.7% vs. 77.0%, p = 0.220), although these differences were not statistically significant. No significant differences were observed on per-vessel analysis. Nitroglycerin increased coronary attenuation but did not improve SNR or CNR.

CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing photon-counting CCTA, sublingual nitroglycerin administration was not associated with a statistically significant improvement in per-patient or per-vessel diagnostic performance. These findings should be considered hypothesis-generating and require confirmation in larger prospective studies before any conclusions can be drawn regarding the incremental value of routine nitroglycerin administration in photon-counting CCTA.

PMID:42632774 | DOI:10.1016/j.jcct.2026.08.007

Food Res Int. 2026 Oct 31;242(Pt 2):119939. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2026.119939. Epub 2026 Jul 10.

ABSTRACT

Meat processing environments harbor complex microbial ecosystems that may be transferred to the final product, thus influencing product quality and safety. Several factors may affect microbiome composition, such as seasonality and sanitation procedures. In this study, we carried out a metagenomic analysis over two seasons across four beef processing facilities, following beef carcasses from farm-to-fork. The pre-maturation environment was dominated by Corynebacterium xerosis and Acinetobacter johnsonii in summer, and by Bifidobacterium pseudolongum and Cutibacterium acnes in winter, whereas meat maturation environments were colonized by a specialized lactic acid bacterial community. The long-term maturation stage was led by Carnobacterium divergens and Carnobacterium maltaromaticum, whereas Pseudolactococcus carnosus and Pseudolactococcus paracarnosus prevailed during the retail stage. The environmental microbiome exhibited broad metabolic potential, in contrast to the specialized, low-diversity profiles of mature meat. Routine sanitation practices did not fully remove detectable microbial DNA signatures from environmental surfaces and were associated with shifts in taxonomic and functional profiles, including a greater representation of biofilm-associated genes. We also identified a diverse phage community, and statistical modeling revealed strong negative predictive associations with Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, and Staphylococcus aureus. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the beef processing microbiome is shaped by the interaction of multiple ecological forces. Understanding these interactions provides a comprehensive framework for ecology-based strategies to improve meat quality, safety, and shelf-life.

PMID:42632691 | DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2026.119939

Food Res Int. 2026 Oct 31;242(Pt 2):119852. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2026.119852. Epub 2026 Jun 26.

ABSTRACT

Legumes are central to healthy, sustainable diets, yet consumption in Germany remains far below recommendations and is unevenly distributed across the population. This study investigates how legume use becomes normalized as a daily behavior across lifestyle groups. Building on an extended Food-Related Lifestyle (FRL) framework and a multidimensional behavioral concept of normalization, we operationalize normalization as familiarity with legumes, diversity of legume products used, and frequency of consumption across 56 at-home legume products. A cross-sectional online survey (n = 1998) with quota sampling for key sociodemographic captured legume behavior’s, FRL traits, perceptions, and motivators. Exploratory factor analysis yielded seven lifestyle-related constructs. Latent class analysis identified seven segments that differed markedly in normalization indicators: “Responsible Foodies” and “Foodies” showed highest familiarity, variety, and frequency, whereas “Disinterested Penny Pinchers” and “Habitual Eaters” showed the lowest levels. Ordinary least squares regressions indicated that food innovativeness and responsibility, but not involvement, were positively associated with normalization indicators, highlighting openness to novelty and moral concern as key drivers. Principal component analysis of legume perceptions revealed legume-type-driven perceptual structures that were largely shared across segments, indicating a partial perception-behavior decoupling. Willingness to increase intake and motivators differed substantially between segments. Overall, normalization appears as a lifestyle-embedded process shaped by stable orientations and structural conditions rather than by attitudes alone. Theoretically, the study integrates lifestyle segmentation, innovation diffusion logic, and behavioral embedding into a unified account of dietary normalization. The findings inform segment-responsive strategies combining culinary inspiration with affordability, convenience, and digestibility to promote routine legume consumption.

PMID:42632663 | DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2026.119852

Food Res Int. 2026 Oct 31;242(Pt 2):119820. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2026.119820. Epub 2026 Jun 23.

ABSTRACT

European human biomonitoring (HBM) studies have increasingly adopted multi-mycotoxin approaches to capture complex exposure scenarios encountered in real-life diets. This nation-wide study provides the characterization, for the first time, of the mycotoxin profile of 295 urine samples collected from the Portuguese population in the continent and islands (archipelagos of Madeira and Azores), using an optimized and validated LC-MS/MS method for the characterization of 39 mycotoxins/metabolites. Nearly all study participants (99.3%) were exposed to at least one mycotoxin, with around half (54.2%) being co-exposed to only 2 detectable mycotoxins. Free-deoxynivalenol (free-DON, 84.7%) and tenuazonic acid (TeA, 95.6%) were the most prevalent mycotoxins. Citrinin (CIT, 11.5%), α-zearalenone (α-ZEL, 10.5%) and ochratoxin A (OTA, 9.5%) showed detection rates near 10%. Median concentrations (P50) for the two predominant mycotoxins were 0.79 μg/L (0.72 μg/g creatinine) for free-DON and 2.45 μg/L (2.08 μg/g creatinine) for TeA, with maximum values of 11.77 μg/L (10.06 μg/g creatinine) and 90.91 μg/L (114.15 μg/g creatinine), respectively. Sociodemographic patterns showed lower exposure in the Centre region and higher free-DON exposure in southern Portugal and the archipelagos. TeA exposure differed significantly by region and was lowest in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area and Algarve compared to the Center reference region. Low educational levels and spring sampling correlated with higher exposure for both toxins, but only education levels showed statistical significance in the linear regression analyses. For both TeA and free-DON, no differences in exposure were observed by sex, occupational status, or degree of urbanization. Overall, these findings underscore the importance of continuous surveillance, particularly under the current climate change scenario, and highlight the relevance of integrating human biomonitoring into national food safety and public health strategies.

PMID:42632660 | DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2026.119820

J Phys Act Health. 2026 Aug 21:1-10. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2026-0045. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Adolescent mental health is shaped by multiple factors. This study examined the association between intersectional identity based on gender and family-socioeconomic status (SES) and mental health and whether this association differs by the function of health behaviors (ie, physical activity, screen time, and sleep) among Korean adolescents.

METHODS: Nationally representative, cross-sectional, self-reported data from the 2023 Korea Youth Behavior Web-Based Survey (N = 52,880, 12-18 y) were used. Intersectional identity included gender and family SES. Mental health factors included stress, depressive symptoms, and loneliness. Health behaviors included physical activity, recreational screen time, and sleep. Covariates were age, academic performance, and parental educational attainment. Decision tree models, logistic regressions, and moderation analyses were conducted.

RESULTS: Compared with boys, more girls reported high stress (31% vs 44%), depressive symptoms (21% vs 31%), and loneliness (49% vs 63%). A statistically significant interaction between gender × family SES was observed only for loneliness, with girls with low-family-SES reporting the highest likelihood (odds ratio [OR] = 3.60; 95% CI, 3.28-3.95). Physical activity and sleep moderated the association between intersectional identity and loneliness, with sleep showing more salient results. Specifically, not meeting the sleep recommendation was associated with greater loneliness, especially for more marginalized identity groups in a linear manner (boys × mid-family-SES: OR = 1.65; boys × low-family-SES: OR = 2.75; girls × high-family-SES: OR = 2.46; girls × mid-family-SES: OR = 3.01; and girls × low-family-SES: OR = 5.24).

CONCLUSION: Meeting sleep recommendations may buffer intersectionality-linked loneliness particularly for girls across SES levels and boys with mid-family-SES. Sleep-focused strategies may offer opportunities to address the adolescent loneliness epidemic in Korea.

PMID:42632628 | DOI:10.1123/jpah.2026-0045

Neurosci Lett. 2026 Aug 22:138710. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2026.138710. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The investigation into the association between histamine and headache has persisted for nearly a century. Nevertheless, the functional role of the central histaminergic system in headache pathophysiology remains inadequately characterized. This study aims to elucidate the activation status of tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) histaminergic neurons in mice during acute headache episodes and their impact on headache-related behavioral alterations. Using transgenic mouse models, immunofluorescence staining, and chemogenetic manipulation, we systematically evaluated the functionality of histaminergic neurons in acute headache. c-Fos expression analysis and calcium signaling measurements were utilized to assess TMN neuronal activation. Our findings indicated that nitroglycerin (NTG) stimulation did not significantly alter the activation level of TMN histaminergic neurons, with no statistically significant differences observed between NTG-treated and control groups (p = 0.48, p = 0.92). Furthermore, calcium probe and histamine probe techniques revealed no substantial changes in neuronal activity during acute headache phases, suggesting a non-critical role for these neurons in acute headache responses. Anatomical tracing confirmed sparse projections from TMN histaminergic neurons to the trigeminal complex(TCC), reinforcing their limited involvement in pain signal transmission. Collectively, our results challenge the purported significance of central histaminergic neurons in acute headache pathophysiology within the NTG-induced mouse model and suggest that TMN histaminergic neurons do not show detectable activation and are not required for the behavioral endpoints tested in an NTG-induced acute headache mouse model.

PMID:42632610 | DOI:10.1016/j.neulet.2026.138710

Mech Ageing Dev. 2026 Aug 22:112240. doi: 10.1016/j.mad.2026.112240. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Aging is a multifactorial process that is best described in terms of the progressive acquisition of multiple layers of phenotypic changes, such as epigenetic modifications, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation. DNA methylation clocks have been extensively used to construct epigenetic clocks based on the DNAm profiles that can be used to estimate biological age and predict age-associated outcomes. Nevertheless, the vast majority of clocks constructed so far have been based on linear models, which are unlikely to fully account for the heterogeneity and non-linearity of survival-related DNAm signatures. In this work, we constructed a heterogeneous stacked ensemble survival model based on DNAm data obtained from the Framingham Heart Study. We first identified 190 CpG loci using elastic net Cox regression and subsequently constructed a survival prediction model based on the fusion of five complementary survival models by means of a neural network meta-learner. The prediction power of the survival model was evaluated in an external validation cohort, where we observed strong performance for predicting all-cause mortality that significantly exceeded PhenoAge and was statistically comparable to GrimAge. These performance estimates were derived in cohorts of European ancestry and externally validated in postmenopausal women aged 50-79 years, and should therefore be interpreted as applicable only to demographically similar populations.

PMID:42632601 | DOI:10.1016/j.mad.2026.112240

Dev Comp Immunol. 2026 Aug 22:105721. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2026.105721. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

As important members of the ETS superfamily, the E74-like factor (ELF) transcription factor family regulates gene transcription through a conserved ETS domain and plays critical roles in immune regulation. However, the evolutionary characteristics and functions of this family in lampreys (Lethenteron reissneri) remain unclear. In this study, the ELF gene family of lampreys (Lr-ELF1, Lr-ELF2, Lr-ELF3, and Lr-ELF5) was systematically identified, and their molecular evolutionary features and immune response functions were investigated. Phylogenetic analysis revealed evolutionary characteristics reflecting the transition from jawless to jawed vertebrates. Domain architecture, gene structure, and three-dimensional structural analyses indicated that these genes appear to be conserved among vertebrates, with their three-dimensional structures showing high similarity to the core secondary structural elements of human homologous proteins. Synteny analysis demonstrated significant differences in the genomic neighborhoods of ELF genes between lampreys and jawed vertebrates. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed with three biological and three technical replicates; relative expression levels were calculated using the ΔCt method, and statistical analysis was carried out with GraphPad Prism 9. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results suggested that the ELF gene family may be involved in immune defense. This study not only enriches our understanding of the evolution of ELF genes but also provides new insights into the roles of lamprey ELFs in immune defense.

PMID:42632583 | DOI:10.1016/j.dci.2026.105721