Tag: nevin manimala

Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch. 2026 Apr 22:1-11. doi: 10.1044/2026_LSHSS-25-00167. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate how speech-language pathologists (SLPs) implement language comprehension curriculums (LCCs) in elementary school settings, particularly for students with language and literacy difficulties. It addressed questions related to current usage, perceived barriers, misconceptions, and factors influencing adoption of LCCs, with the goal of informing future strategies for improving language and reading comprehension outcomes.

METHOD: A survey study was conducted with 83 participants, including 77 certified SLPs and six clinical fellows, recruited through professional networks and online platforms. The survey, administered via Qualtrics, included both quantitative and qualitative items assessing awareness, usage, barriers, and attitudes toward LCCs. Content analysis and descriptive statistics were used to analyze responses, and data were visualized using R.

RESULTS: Findings revealed limited awareness and use of LCCs among SLPs, with significant barriers including lack of training, time constraints, and systemic challenges. SLPs’ misconceptions and their role in implementation were also identified. Despite these challenges, participants expressed interest in future research and recognized the potential benefits of LCCs for managing caseloads and supporting students with language and literacy difficulties.

CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights a critical gap in the implementation of LCCs by SLPs and underscores the need for future quantitative studies and targeted professional development and systemic support in this area. Results support the need for further research that investigates the effectiveness of SLPs using LCCs in individualized and small-group settings, particularly for students with suspected, or diagnosed, language and literacy disabilities.

SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.31975221.

PMID:42018276 | DOI:10.1044/2026_LSHSS-25-00167

Percept Mot Skills. 2026 Apr 22:315125261446365. doi: 10.1177/00315125261446365. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to investigate the criterion validity and reliability of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire – Short Form (IPAQ-SF) for estimating sedentary behavior (SB) across different time contexts (weekdays, weekends, and total weekly time) and using different accelerometer cut-off points. A total of 80 university students (73.7% women; mean age 26.0 ± 6.2 years) from a public higher education institution in Bahia, Brazil, participated in this methodological validation study. Sedentary time was objectively measured using an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer over seven consecutive days, applying two cut-off points (<100 and <150 counts per minute). Self-reported sitting time was obtained using the IPAQ-SF, and test-retest reliability was assessed in a subsample of 20 participants after 14 days using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Criterion validity was examined using Spearman’s correlation and Bland-Altman analysis. The IPAQ-SF demonstrated moderate to almost perfect reliability (ICC = 0.622-0.856). Criterion validity was weak but statistically significant when using the <150 cpm cut-off for weekdays and total weekly sedentary time. Bland-Altman analysis indicated that the IPAQ-SF underestimated sitting time by 56% (≈214 min/day) at <100 cpm and overestimated it by 17.8% (≈117 min/day) at <150 cpm. Correlations were stronger for weekdays than weekends. In conclusion, the IPAQ-SF showed excellent reproducibility but limited criterion validity, highlighting the need for cautious interpretation of self-reported sedentary behavior in population-based studies.

PMID:42018274 | DOI:10.1177/00315125261446365

J Ultrasound. 2026 Apr 22. doi: 10.1007/s40477-026-01152-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Type 2 diabetes causes changes in the structure and functions of the major salivary glands. The aim of this study is to evaluate the dimensional measurements, echogenicity, and fractal dimension (FD) of bilateral major salivary glands in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) on ultrasonography (US) and compare them with healthy individuals.

METHODS: The study included US images of 36 patients with type 2 DM and 36 healthy individuals. The superoinferior (SI), anteroposterior (AP), and mediolateral (ML) dimensions of the major salivary glands were measured, echogenicity was classified, and FD was calculated. Dimensional measurements, FD, and echogenicity comparisons between groups were analyzed.

RESULTS: Dimensions of SI, AP, and ML were found statistically higher in the patient group than in the control group (p < 0.05). In the parotid gland, the isoechoic type was significantly more common in the patient group (p < 0.05). Although no statistically significant relationship was observed, in the submandibular and sublingual glands, isoechoic type was more frequent in the patient group. FD values were found to be higher in the patient group compared with the control group for all glands and a statistically significant relationship was observed in the sublingual gland (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Type 2 DM is a disease that changes the salivary gland structure, but to confirm these results, new studies are needed in which disease severity/HbA1c levels, drug doses and disease duration are known and can be associated with clinical data.

PMID:42018273 | DOI:10.1007/s40477-026-01152-w

Insights Imaging. 2026 Apr 22;17(1):111. doi: 10.1186/s13244-026-02261-0.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of a deep learning-based computer-aided detection (DL-CAD) algorithm for prostate lesion detection and classification on biparametric (bp)MRI.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective, single-center study included men undergoing 3-T MRI of the prostate for suspected prostate cancer (PCa) between July and September of 2022. Using the radiology report as the reference standard, detection performance for high-risk lesions (defined as PI-RADS ≥ 3, 4, 5) by the DL-CAD was evaluated per-patient using sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and AUC; and per-lesion using sensitivity and PPV. Kappa statistics was used to assess per-patient detection and per-lesion classification of PI-RADS ≥ 3 lesions. Clinical and imaging factors associated with discordance between DL-CAD and radiology reports were assessed using Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests.

RESULTS: 442 adult males (mean age 65 ± 9 years) were assessed. Per-patient sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for detection of PI-RADS ≥ 4 and 5 lesions were 65.3%/81.2%/62.7%/82.9% and 82.1%/93.8%/65.7%/97.3%, respectively. Per-patient performance for identifying PI-RADS ≥ 3/4/5 lesions was fair-to-excellent: AUC = 0.67 (0.62-0.71)/0.75 (0.71-0.80)/0.92 (0.89-0.96). For detection of PI-RADS ≥ 4 and 5, per-lesion sensitivity was 60.4% and 78.3%, while PPV was 55.0% and 60.3%. Per-patient agreement between DL-CAD and the reference increased with higher PI-RADS scores (kappa = 0.26 (0.18-0.35)/0.46 (0.37-0.55)/0.68 (0.59-0.78)). Agreement on classification of PI-RADS ≥ 3 lesions was moderate (kappa = 0.56 (0.45-0.68)).

CONCLUSION: A pre-trained DL-CAD showed good-to-excellent per-patient performance for the detection of PI-RADS ≥ 4 lesions and moderate performance of PI-RADS ≥ 3 lesion classification. Future prospective studies validating the DL algorithm with histopathologic correlation are warranted.

CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: A deep learning computer-aided detection (DL-CAD) algorithm showed good-to-excellent per-patient performance for detection of PI-RADS ≥ 4 lesions, moderate performance of PI-RADS ≥ 3 lesion classification and high negative predictive value, which can be applied in the clinic with knowledge of its limitations.

KEY POINTS: Clinical validation of deep learning computer-aided detection (DL-CAD) models for the detection and classification of prostate lesions on MRI is urgently needed. A pre-trained DL-CAD algorithm showed fair-to-excellent per-patient performance for detection of prostate lesions on biparametric MRI, with moderate performance for PI-RADS ≥ 3 lesion classification. Identification of false negatives and false positives of prostate cancer detection DL-CAD algorithms is important for future improvement and clinical deployment. A DL-CAD-based prostate cancer detection algorithm with high NPV may reduce interpretation time.

PMID:42018265 | DOI:10.1186/s13244-026-02261-0

Int Ophthalmol. 2026 Apr 22;46(1):209. doi: 10.1007/s10792-026-04081-z.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of toric foldable intraocular lens (IOL) for high astigmatism correction in eyes with prior penetrating keratoplasty (PK).

METHODS: Clinical data were retrospectively collected at baseline and 12 months postoperatively from pseudophakic patients with high astigmatism (> 2 D), and previous PK, who underwent implantation of customized foldable toric IOLs using the piggyback technique. Uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity (UCVA, BCVA), manifest refraction, keratometry, refractive and topographic cylinder, endothelial cell count (ECC), and complications were assessed. To account for inter-eye correlation, analyses were performed using generalized estimating equations (GEE), and estimated differences (est.) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported.

RESULTS: Fourteen eyes of 11 patients (2 women, 9 men; mean age 62 ± 21 years) were included. The mean interval between PK and piggyback implantation was 24.18 years. Uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity improved at 12 months (UCVA: est. – 0.69 logMAR; 95% CI, – 0.84 to – 0.54; p < 0.001; BCVA: est. – 0.20 logMAR; 95% CI, – 0.29 to – 0.11; p < 0.001). Total refractive astigmatism was reduced (est. – 4.09 diopters; 95% CI, – 5.20 to – 2.99; p < 0.001), whereas topographic astigmatism remained unchanged (est. – 0.03 diopters; 95% CI, – 0.21 to 0.16; p = 0.76). Endothelial cell count did not show a statistically significant change over time (est. – 67.8 cells/mm²; 95% CI, – 139.6 to 4.0; p = 0.07). One eye experienced recurrent IOL rotation (80°), requiring explant and replacement.

CONCLUSIONS: The favorable refractive outcomes and safety profile support the use of the piggyback technique with a customized toric foldable IOL for correcting high astigmatism in pseudophakic eyes that have undergone PK many years before. Larger sample size and prospective study are needed.

PMID:42018245 | DOI:10.1007/s10792-026-04081-z

Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2026 Apr 22;217(2):27. doi: 10.1007/s10549-026-07967-9.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Detecting malignancy before gender-affirming chest masculinization surgery (GACMS) can alter surgical planning and prevent reoperation, yet a lack of standardized preoperative breast imaging guidelines has resulted in inconsistent, surgeon-dependent practices and potential missed diagnoses. Limited data evaluating the efficacy of pre-GACMS imaging further contributes to this gap. This study aimed to characterize patterns, indications, and outcomes of preoperative breast imaging before GACMS, and to assess the impact of preoperative imaging on cancer detection, surgical decision-making, and timing to surgery.

METHODS: A single-institution, retrospective review of adults who underwent GACMS between January 2017-September 2024 was conducted. Descriptive statistics summarize preoperative imaging frequency, indications, modalities, outcomes, and postoperative pathology. Alterations in surgical management based on preoperative versus postoperative cancer detection, as well as an institution-wide screening algorithm, are described.

RESULTS: Of 368 patients, 91.8% (n = 338) were under 40 (mean 27.2, range 18-63). Preoperative breast imaging was recommended in 11.7% (n = 43) and performed in 11.1% (n = 41). Modalities included screening mammography (70.7%, n = 29), diagnostic mammography (29.3%, n = 12), MRI (9.8%, n = 4), and ultrasound (7.3%, n = 3). Indications included age (41.9%, n = 18), family history (30.2%, n = 13), physical exam finding (23.3%, n = 10), and BRCA2 mutation (2.3%, n = 1). Imaging revealed irregular findings in 17.1% (n = 7), with malignancy confirmed in 2 patients (4.9% of imaged; 0.5% overall). One patient who did not receive preoperative imaging was found to have invasive ductal carcinoma on postoperative pathology, resulting in 0.8% (n = 3) overall breast cancer diagnoses perioperatively. Preoperative detection altered surgical planning. Median time to surgery did not significantly differ between imaged and non-imaged patients (3.1 vs. 3.7 months, p = 0.2).

CONCLUSION: Preoperative breast cancer imaging before GACMS identified malignancies that significantly influenced surgical planning, preventing additional procedures postoperatively. Implementing a decision-making algorithm could guide and standardize breast imaging before GACMS.

PMID:42018242 | DOI:10.1007/s10549-026-07967-9

Cell Tissue Bank. 2026 Apr 22;27(2):23. doi: 10.1007/s10561-026-10223-5.

ABSTRACT

This study assessed pregnant women’s awareness and attitudes toward umbilical cord blood donation and banking, and identified independent factors associated with awareness. This study was conducted in Gaziantep Province, Turkey, between March and June 2025, using a descriptive, cross-sectional design involving 204 pregnant women. Participants were recruited using a non-probability convenience sampling method. Data were collected via an online questionnaire that assessed socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge and attitudes towards umbilical cord blood donation and banking. Awareness levels were categorized as “no knowledge”, “limited knowledge”, and “sufficient knowledge”, and dichotomized as “insufficient” versus “partial/sufficient” for regression analysis. Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were used to analyze the data. In addition to descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent factors associated with awareness of umbilical cord blood donation and banking. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The average age of the pregnant women was 30.38 ± 4.48. Only 3.9% had sufficient knowledge about UCB donation and banking, while the majority (96.1%) had never received any information about UCB donation, and none had ever donated before. The main reason for not donating was a lack of information (89.7%). The income and education level of the pregnant women were significantly associated with their knowledge and attitudes towards UCB donation and banking (p < 0.05). A family history of disease positively influenced knowledge and attitudes (p < 0.05), whereas religious beliefs negatively influenced donation intentions. Again, most pregnant women (79.9%) stated that they wanted to receive education about UCB donation and banking. Binary logistic regression analysis identified education level as the strongest independent predictor of awareness. In light of these findings, education on UCB donation and banking should be included in prenatal care processes. Involving women, families, and communities in awareness-raising initiatives can increase knowledge and participation in donation programmes.

PMID:42018221 | DOI:10.1007/s10561-026-10223-5

Eur Radiol. 2026 Apr 22. doi: 10.1007/s00330-026-12551-2. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:42018184 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-026-12551-2

Eur Radiol. 2026 Apr 22. doi: 10.1007/s00330-026-12541-4. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:42018183 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-026-12541-4

Eur Radiol. 2026 Apr 22. doi: 10.1007/s00330-026-12552-1. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:42018182 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-026-12552-1