Tag: nevin manimala

Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2026 Aug 23;48(8):1016-1022. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20251121-00580.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of different chemotherapy regimens in children with high-risk hepatoblastoma (HB). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 99 patients under 18 years old with high-risk HB treated at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between December 2004 and July 2024. The patients were divided into three groups: the PLADO regimen (cisplatin in combination with doxorubicin, n=27), the C5VD/IIV regimen (alternating cycles of cisplatin/5-flourouracil/vincristine/doxorubicin with irinotecan/ifosfamide/vincristine, n=29), and the modified SIOPEL-4 regimen (the original SIOPEL-4 regimen with omitted high-dose cisplatin on day15, n=43). Short-term efficacy, adverse effects, and long-term survival were compared among the three groups. Results: The objective response rates for the PLADO, C5VD/IIV, and modified SIOPEL-4 groups were 73.9% (17/23), 70.8% (17/24), and 88.6% (31/35), respectively, with no statistically significant difference among the three groups (P=0.190). The disease control rates were 82.6% (19/23), 83.3% (20/24), and 100.0% (35/35), the 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 19.2%, 37.0%, and 56.7%, and the 3-year overall survival (OS) rates were 69.2%, 55.6%, and 79.0%, respectively. The modified SIOPEL-4 group showed significantly better disease control rate and PFS rate compared withthe other two groups (both P＜0.05). After merging the PLADO and C5VD/IIV groups, the modified SIOPEL-4 group demonstrated significantly superior PFS and OS rates (both P＜0.05). Conclusions: The efficacy of modified SIOPEL-4 regimen in treating high-risk HB is superior compared with those of PLADO and C5VD/IIV regimens, but there remains room for further improvement in efficacy. Intensifying supportive care and pursuing aggressive local therapies, especially upfront liver transplantation for locally inoperable tumors, may further improve outcomes.

PMID:42595556 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20251121-00580

Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2026 Aug 23;48(8):1008-1015. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20250913-00456.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of different-sized drug eluting beads preloaded with irinotrcan (DEBIRI) used in transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) as second-line therapy for colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRC-LM). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 65 patients with CRC-LM who received TACE at Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from November 2020 to November 2022. All patients had progressed after first-line therapy. After excluding 5 lost-to-follow-up cases, 30 patients treated with 100-300 μm DEBIRI (small-size group) and 30 patients treated with 300-500 μm microspheres (large-size group) were included. Short- and long-term efficacy and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify factors influencing progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: In the small-size group, the objective response rates (ORR) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment were 56.7%, 50.0%, 40.0%, and 30.0%, respectively, and the disease control rates (DCR) were 93.3%, 90.0%, 80.0%, and 66.7%, respectively. In the large-size group, the ORR at the same time points were 36.7%, 26.7%, 23.3%, and 16.7%, respectively, and the DCR were 86.7%, 76.7%, 76.7%, and 60.0%, respectively. None of the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (all P＞0.05). The median PFS and OS in the small-size group were 15.0 and 26.0 months, respectively, while in the large-size group they were 13.8 and 21.5 months, respectively, with no statistically significant differences between groups (all P＞0.05). The overall incidence of adverse reactions was 76.6% in the small-size group and 70.0% in the large-size group (P=0.559). The incidence of grade ≥3 adverse reactions was 23.3% and 16.7%, respectively (P=0.519). No treatment-related deaths occurred in either group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that Child-Pugh grade, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score, and number of liver metastases were independent influencing factors for both PFS and OS. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in efficacy between 100-300 μm and 300-500 μm drug eluting beads preloaded with irinotrcanused in TACE for the treatment of CRC-LM, and both demonstrated good safety profiles.

PMID:42595555 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20250913-00456

Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2026 Aug 23;48(8):998-1007. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20251210-00608.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of dynamic monitoring of plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in evaluating the efficacy of immunotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: Plasma samples were collected at baseline and after every 2-3 treatment cycles from 94 patients with advanced ESCC receiving second-line sintilimab monotherapy in the ORIENT-2 study. Targeted sequencing was performed to analyze somatic variants in ctDNA, and the molecular tumor burden index (mTBI) was calculated to assess dynamic changes in ctDNA. Imaging examinations were conducted synchronously with plasma sample collection, and treatment response was evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1). Results: A total of 614 somatic mutations were detected in 93 eligible baseline plasma samples, with a median of 6 mutations per sample. Missense mutations were the most frequent mutation type. The baseline mutational profile revealed frequently mutated genes including TP53 (82%), CDKN2B (23%), and NOTCH1 (22%). In the 68 patients with both baseline and post-2-cycle plasma samples, no significant changes were observed in the variant allele frequencies (VAFs) of core driver genes before and after treatment (all P＞0.05), and no newly emerged core driver gene mutations were identified. CCND1 copy number variation was associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (HR=1.88, 95% CI: 1.08-3.27), while mutations in other genes, including TP53 and NOTCH1, showed no association with PFS (all P＞0.05). None of the frequently mutated genes were associated with overall survival (OS) (all P＞0.05). Among the 68 patients, 11 (15.9%) achieved ctDNA clearance, none of whom showed tumor progression on concurrent imaging evaluation. The remaining 57 patients had ctDNA that became positive or remained persistently positive, of whom 30 (52.6%) showed tumor progression on imaging, with a statistically significant difference between groups (P=0.002). Compared with patients whose ctDNA became or remained positive, those with ctDNA clearance exhibited significantly delayed tumor progression (HR=2.05, 95% CI: 1.06-3.96), but ctDNA status after 2 cycles did not significantly affect OS (HR=1.38, 95% CI: 0.62-3.09). After 2 cycles of treatment, patients in the low mTBI group had a higher disease control rate (DCR) than those in the high mTBI group [73.5% (25/34) vs. 38.2% (13/34), P=0.007], as well as superior PFS (HR=2.80, 95% CI: 1.65-4.75) and OS (HR=3.54, 95% CI: 1.95-6.42). Dynamic changes in mTBI were highly consistent with concurrent imaging response assessments. The molecular response group had a significantly higher DCR than the non-response group [87.5% (21/24) vs. 42.2% (19/45), P＜0.001], as well as superior PFS (HR=2.39, 95% CI: 1.41-4.06) and OS (HR=2.77, 95% CI: 1.46-5.22). Among 32 patients with stable disease (SD) at the first imaging evaluation after 2 cycles, those in the molecular response group had comparable PFS with the non-response group (HR=1.03, 95% CI: 0.51-2.08, P=0.942), but significantly longer OS (HR=3.12, 95% CI: 1.20-8.06). Conclusion: Dynamic monitoring of the ctDNA-based molecular tumor burden index (mTBI) provides real-time and sensitive molecular information for evaluating the efficacy of immunotherapy in advanced ESCC, demonstrating definite clinical value for personalized treatment management.

PMID:42595554 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20251210-00608

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2026 Aug 6;60(8):1357-1363. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20260112-00029.

ABSTRACT

This study aims to explore the clinicopathological and immunological characteristics of Talaromyces marneffei (TM) infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (AIDS-DLBCL), and to analyze the risk factors and prognostic impact. This study was designed as a retrospective cohort study, clinical data of 73 patients with AIDS-DLBCL admitted to the First Hospital of Changsha from January 2020 to December 2021 were collected and analyzed, and the patients aged 26 to 84 years, including 63 males and 10 females.Patients were divided into a TM infection group (n=17) and a non-TM infection group(n=56) based on the presence or absence of TM infection.The clinical and pathological characteristics as well as therapeutic effects of the two groups of patients were compared using the χ² test and Fisher’s exact test. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the association between AIDS-DLBCL specific variables and TM infection was analyzed using the binary logistic regression model. The results showed that a total of 73 patients with AIDS-DLBCL were included. Among them, 23.3% had TM infection(17/73). The histopathological examination of biopsy tissues showed that TM appeared as yeast-like round or oval spores under special staining, some of which were sausage-shaped or joint-like, with a septum in the middle, and existed within or outside macrophages. Comparative analysis between the two groups showed that the proportions of patients with HIV-RNA>200 copies/ml [88.24% (15/17) vs. 58.93% (33/56), χ²=4.260, P=0.039], CD4⁺ T cell count<50 cells/μl [41.18% (7/17) vs. 8.93% (5/56), χ²=9.553, P=0.004], occult blood (OB) positivity [47.06% (8/17) vs. 17.86% (10/56), χ²=5.173, P=0.023], and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) positivity [29.41% (5/17) vs. 3.57% (2/56), Fisher’s exact test, P=0.006] were significantly higher in the TM infection group than in the non-TM infection group, with statistically significant differences between the groups (all P<0.05). Survival curve analysis showed that the 2-year overall survival rate of the TM infection group was significantly lower than that of the non-TM infection group [52.94% (9/17) vs. 92.85% (52/56), χ²=17.670, P<0.001]. The binary logistic regression model analysis showed that CD4⁺T cell count<50 cells/μl (OR=8.29, 95%CI:1.47-46.81), positive tuberculosis (OR=17.70, 95%CI:2.21-148.01), and positive occult blood (OR=5.19, 95%CI:1.14-23.57) were risk factors affecting the occurrence of TM infection in AIDS-DLBCL. In conclusion, CD4⁺ T cell count<50 cells/μl, occult blood positivity, and tuberculosis positivity may be risk factors for TM infection in patients with AIDS-DLBCL.

PMID:42595546 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20260112-00029

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2026 Aug 6;60(8):1294-1299. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250830-00844.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To understand the influencing factors of the second dose of varicella vaccine for children aged 1-12 years in 10 provinces of China. Methods: In December 2022, a multistage random sampling method was employed to recruit children aged 1-12 years who had received one dose of varicella vaccine and their guardians from 180 vaccination clinics in 10 provinces of China. Questionnaire surveys were conducted to collect information on children’s characteristics, guardians’ demographic characteristics, and vaccination status. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify independent factors associated with receipt of the second dose of varicella vaccine. Compared with children who had received only one dose, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. Results: A total of 1 947 questionnaires were included, with 1 081 (55.5%) who received two doses of varicella vaccine. Multivariate logistic regression showed that children whose guardians were aged 30 years or older (OR=1.220, 95%CI: 1.007-1.479), whose guardians were medical professionals (OR=1.457, 95%CI:1.054-2.014), and whose annual household income was 100 000 yuan or more (OR=1.739, 95%CI:1.395-2.168) had a higher proportion of receiving the second dose of varicella vaccine. Conclusion: Among children aged 1-12 years in 10 provinces of China who had received only one dose of varicella vaccine, the proportion of receiving the second dose remains suboptimal. Guardians’ age, occupation, and annual household income might be the main influencing factors.

PMID:42595537 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250830-00844

Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2026 Aug 13. doi: 10.1007/s10384-026-01404-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy of the eyelid, with a significant risk of local recurrence despite its low metastatic potential. Understanding prognostic factors for recurrence is essential for optimizing treatment and improving patient outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors associated with recurrence in periocular BCC in a Taiwanese population.

STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective, single-center cohort study conducted at a tertiary medical center in Taiwan.

METHODS: We reviewed 46 patients diagnosed with periocular BCC at National Taiwan University Hospital between 2000 and 2023. Data on demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical margins, and recurrence outcomes (both clinical and pathological) were collected. Recurrence-free survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis, and statistical analyses, including chi-square tests, Fisher’s exact tests, and multivariate logistic regression, were performed to identify significant prognostic factors.

RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 72.3 years, with a slight female predominance (54.4%). Tumors predominantly affected the lower eyelid (84.8%). The study identified a clinical recurrence rate of 30.4% with a 10-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) of 67.4%. Upon strict histological confirmation, the pathological recurrence rate was 23.9%, corresponding to an RFS of 73.7%. Multivariate analysis identified two robust independent predictors across both definitions. Compromised surgical margins were strongly associated with recurrence (Clinical: OR = 5.70, p < 0.001; Pathological: OR = 15.56, p < 0.05). Similarly, delayed surgical intervention (>12 months) significantly increased recurrence risk (Clinical: OR = 5.21, p = 0.001; Pathological: OR = 14.21, p < 0.05). Tumor size and thickness were correlated with recurrence in univariate analysis but did not reach statistical significance in the multivariate models.

CONCLUSION: Compromised surgical margins and delayed treatment are robust, major risk factors for recurrence in periocular BCC, regardless of whether a clinical or pathological definition is applied. While the clinical recurrence rate highlights the burden of re-operation, the pathological recurrence rate underscores the biological aggressiveness in neglected cases. Notably, achieving free margins resulted in excellent long-term control. These findings emphasize the critical need for early diagnosis and complete excision to improve patient outcomes.

PMID:42593602 | DOI:10.1007/s10384-026-01404-6

J Robot Surg. 2026 Aug 13;20(1):836. doi: 10.1007/s11701-026-03821-8.

ABSTRACT

Redo fundoplication is technically challenging and associated with higher complication rates compared with primary procedures. Robotic platforms may offer technical advantages in reoperative foregut surgery; however, comparative outcomes with laparoscopy remain unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to compare perioperative outcomes between robotic and laparoscopic redo fundoplication. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching five databases up to July 2026. Primary outcome was intraoperative complications, including leaks, gastric, esophageal, and bowel injuries. Secondary outcomes were postoperative complications (POC), operative time (OT) and length of stay (LOS). The random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled Odds Ratios (OR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics. Of 269 studies screened, 4 cohort studies comprising 257 patients were included. Robotic cases accounted for 49% (n = 126). There was no difference between groups in terms of sex, age and preoperative BMI. Robotic cases had longer OT (MD = 26.36 min, p = 0.03) but shorter LOS (MD = – 0.16 days, p = 0.55), with a lower risk of intraoperative complications (6.3% vs. 9.1%; OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.22-1.47, I²: 0%). There were no differences in POC rates. In this meta-analysis, robotic redo fundoplication was as safe as the laparoscopic approach, in terms of intra- and postoperative complications. Higher-quality prospective evidence is needed before firm conclusions can be drawn.

PMID:42593598 | DOI:10.1007/s11701-026-03821-8

Saudi Dent J. 2026 Aug 13;38(8):109. doi: 10.1007/s44445-026-00223-2.

ABSTRACT

Accurate three-dimensional (3D) reproduction of facial soft-tissue geometry is a prerequisite for planning and fabricating maxillofacial epitheses. This single-subject pilot study compared the surface agreement of seven 3D facial scanning configurations available on the Ukrainian market against a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-derived reference surface, reporting trueness-related surface-deviation metrics and acquisition time. Because only one participant was examined and no repeated acquisitions were obtained, the work is exploratory and does not establish device precision (repeatability) or population-level accuracy. A prospective comparative pilot acquisition was performed on one healthy adult volunteer at rest on a single day. Three radiopaque fiducial markers were placed over low-mobility sites (glabella, both temporal regions). A CBCT volume (Planmeca ProMax 3D Mid) was segmented in 3D Slicer (v5.10.0) to yield the reference soft-tissue surface. Seven configurations were assessed: Shining 3D MetiSmile, Creality CR-Scan Raptor Pro, Revopoint Miraco Pro, RAYFace Facial Scanner, Planmeca ProMax 3D ProFace, and Qlone Dental App (iPad and iPhone). In CloudCompare (v2.14.alpha), fiducial-based Point-Pairs registration was followed by Iterative Closest Point (ICP) alignment, and cloud-to-mesh (C2M) surface-deviation distances were computed. Only descriptive statistics were used. Across the evaluated low-mobility region, the structured-light devices showed sub-millimetre surface deviation, with Shining 3D MetiSmile and Creality CR-Scan Raptor Pro showing the smallest dispersion (RMSE 0.288 and 0.328 mm). RAYFace recorded the highest proportion of points within ≤ 2 mm (98.74%) and the shortest acquisition time (5 s). Revopoint Miraco Pro and Planmeca ProMax 3D ProFace showed larger but still sub-millimetre deviations. Qlone deviated markedly (iPad and iPhone), with its upper error range approaching the fixed computation limit, so its tail is under-represented. In this single volunteer and over rigid, low-mobility regions only, structured-light scanners showed closer agreement with the CBCT-derived surface than the smartphone photogrammetry application. Differences among the leading structured-light devices were within the expected uncertainty of the reference surface and should not be over-interpreted as a device ranking. These preliminary observations require confirmation in multi-subject, repeated-measures studies before any clinical recommendation.

PMID:42593589 | DOI:10.1007/s44445-026-00223-2

Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2026 Aug 13;218(3):43. doi: 10.1007/s10549-026-08056-7.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Adjuvant cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) improve outcomes in hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative early breast cancer, though trial results have been heterogeneous. Menopausal status and endocrine therapy backbone may contribute to variability in treatment effect. We performed a meta-analysis evaluating whether menopausal status influences the efficacy of adjuvant CDK 4/6 inhibition.

METHODS: A systematic review of phase III randomized trials evaluating adjuvant CDK4/6i in HR+/HER2- early-stage breast cancer was conducted. Trial-level hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for iDFS and OS were extracted separately for pre-/peri-menopausal and postmenopausal subgroups. HRs were pooled using random-effects modelling (DerSimonian-Laird method) with inverse-variance modeling. Heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics. A sensitivity analysis limited to approved CDK4/6i (ribociclib and abemaciclib) was performed.

RESULTS: Four trials comprising 17,748 participants were included, of whom 45% were pre-/peri-menopausal and 55% were postmenopausal. Pooled iDFS HRs were 0.80 (95% CI 0.67-0.97, I²=64%) in pre-/peri-menopausal patients and 0.79 (95% CI 0.72-0.86, I²=0%) in postmenopausal patients. Pooled OS HRs were 1.02 (95% CI 0.67-1.54, I²=80%) in pre-/peri-menopausal and 0.89 (95% CI 0.78-1.03, I²=0%) in postmenopausal patients. No significant subgroup differences were observed for iDFS or OS. Compared to post-menopausal participants, those who were premenopausal had 3.0% fewer absolute iDFS events at 5-6 years. Sensitivity analyses yielded consistent findings.

CONCLUSIONS: Efficacy of adjuvant CDK4/6 inhibition in HR+/HER2-negative early breast cancer does not appear to be influenced by menopausal status as defined in individual trials. Greater heterogeneity among pre-/peri-menopausal patients may reflect differences in endocrine therapy backbone, tumor characteristics and patient risk.

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

PMID:42593586 | DOI:10.1007/s10549-026-08056-7

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2026 Aug 13;119(9):195. doi: 10.1007/s10482-026-02380-0.

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a clinically significant opportunistic pathogen and a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections, particularly in surgical settings. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance patterns, biofilm-forming ability, and the distribution of selected virulence and resistance genes among S. aureus isolates collected from healthy orthopedic surgical personnel in Iran. A total of 63 S. aureus isolates, comprising 52 methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and 11 methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) isolates, were recovered from nasal and hand swabs. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method or broth microdilution for oxacillin. Biofilm formation was quantified using the tissue culture plate assay, and resistance and virulence genes were detected by PCR. All isolates were biofilm producers, with nasal isolates representing the highest proportion of strong producers, although the difference was not statistically significant. High resistance rates were observed to penicillin and ampicillin, and erythromycin resistance was significantly associated with moderate biofilm formation. MRSA, identified by cefoxitin resistance, accounted for 82.5% of the isolates and produced significantly greater biofilm biomass compared to MSSA isolates. Among MRSA isolates, 40.4% exhibited an MDR phenotype and 1.9% were XDR, while all isolates remained susceptible to vancomycin and chloramphenicol. The mecA gene was present in all MRSA isolates, while icaA was exclusive to MRSA and strongly correlated with biofilm biomass. Three agr types were identified, with agrI predominating. The convergence of potent virulence determinants, multidrug resistance, and robust biofilm formation-particularly among MRSA isolates-underscores the potential for silent nosocomial transmission and highlights the need for enhanced infection-control practices and strengthened antimicrobial stewardship.

PMID:42593577 | DOI:10.1007/s10482-026-02380-0